ANKEN

Tit 2

KIEM TRA BAI CU

Cau 1 :Viet phng trnh phan ng /c Etylen t ru Etylic , Etan , Propan

Cau 2 :

Viet va goi ten quoc te cac cong thc cau tao co the co cua Anken C4H8 va cho biet chat nao co ong phan hnh hoc

ap An
Cau 1 : C2H5OH RuEtylic CH3 CH3
H2SO4 170 0 c

CH2 =CH2 + H2O Etylen CH2 =CH2 + H2

Cracking
t0

Fe , t0

Etan
CH3 CH2 CH3 Propan

Etylen
CH2 = CH2 + CH4 Etylen

Cau 2:
CH2 =CH CH2 CH3 CH2 = C CH3 Buten -1 2-metyl Propen Buten -2 ( co ong phan hnh hoc ) CH3 C = C CH3 CH3 C=C H

CH3
CH3 CH =CH CH3

H
Cis-Buten -2

H
Trans - Buten -2

CH 3

Lien ket oi trong phan t etylen co nhng loai lien ket nao ? Lien ket nao ben vng

Chu y trong cu to cua Anken :

H

Lin kt linh ng. Lin kt bn vng.

C
H

III -Hoa tnh cua Anken

1/ Phan ng cong: a/ Cong vi tac nhan oi xng ( H2 , Br2 ) * Cong vi hydro :

CH2

CH2 + H

Ni
t0

CH2

CH2

CH2
Etylen

CH2 + H

Ni
t0

C H23
Etan

C H23

(Anken)

(Ankan)

III -Hoa tnh cua Anken 1/ Phan ng cong:

a/ Cong vi tac nhan oi xng ( H2 , Br2 )

* Cong vi hydro :
CnH2n + H2 Anken

Ni C H t0 n 2n + 2

Ankan

CH2 = CH2 + H2
Etylen

Ni

CH3 0 t

CH3 Etan

* Cong vi ddBrom :( lam mat mau dd Brom )

Phan ng ac trng dung e nhan biet Anken

Th nghiem minh hoa

Anken lam mat mau dd Brom etylen

C2H5OH va H2SO4 dd Brom a b mat mau

dd Brom

CH2

CH2 + Br

Br

CH2

CH2

Br

CH2

CH2 + Br-Br

CH2 CH2
Br

III -Hoa tnh cua Anken 1/ Phan ng cong:

a/ Cong vi tac nhan oi xng ( H2 , Br2 )

* Cong vi hydro :
CnH2n + H2

CH2 = CH2 + H2 CH3 CH3 t0 Etylen Etan * Cong vi ddBrom : (lam mat mau dd Brom ) Phan ng ac trng dung e nhan biet Anken

Ni C H t0 n 2n + 2 Ni

Cn H2 n
Etylen

+ Br2

CnH2nBr2
1,2- diBromEtan

CH2 = CH2 + Br2 Br-CH2 CH2 Br

b/ Cong vi tac nhan bat oi xng ( HX hay H2O )

* Anken oi xng + tac nhan bat oi xng:

VD:
CH2 = CH2 + HCl ?????

CH2

CH2 + H

Cl

CH2

CH2

CH2
Etylen

CH2 + H

Cl

C H23
EtylClorua

C H2

Cl

b/ Cong vi tac nhan bat oi xng ( HX hay H2O )

* Anken oi xng + tac nhan bat oi xng: VD1:

CH2= CH2 + HCl CH3 CH2-Cl

Etylen CnH2n + VD2 : CH2 = CH2 + H- OH Etylen HX
H 2O
H2SO4 loang

EtylClorua CnH2n+1 X

t0

CH ???? 3-CH2 -OH ancol Etylic

* Anken bat oi xng + tac nhan bat oi xng

Quy tac MACCOPNHICOP

VD: CH3-CH=CH2 + HCl

VD:
CH3 CH =CH2 + H HCl Cl

CH3 CH CH2 | |

(Spc)

CH3 CH CH2 | |

(Spp)

* Anken oi bat xng + tac nhan bat oi xng:

Quy tac MACCOPNHICOP Khi cong 1 tac nhan bat oi xng vao 1 anken bat oi xng , thi phan mang ien tch dng cua tac nhan se gan vao cacbon cua noi oi mang nhieu hydro e tao san pham chnh

VD:
CH3 CH = CH2 + HCl

CH3 CH CH3 (spc)

Cl
2-Clo Propan (Iso- Propyl clorua)

CH3 CH2 CH2 ( spp) Cl

1-Clo Propan (n- Propyl clorua)

2/ Phan ng Oxy hoa :

a/ Phan ng ot chay :

CnH2n +

3n
2

O2

t0

n 2+ CO

H 2O n

C 2H4

t0 3 O2

CO2

2 H2O

3. PHAN NG OXI HOA

Th nghiem minh hoa Etylen b ot chay

Kh Etylen b ot chay

C2H5OH + H2SO4

2/ Phan ng Oxy hoa :

a/ Phan ng ot chay :

CnH2n + C 2H 4 +

3n
2

O2

t0

n 2+ CO CO2 +

H2n O 2 H 2O

t0 3 O2

b/ Phan ng vi dung dch thuoc tm (KMnO4) :

(p oxy hoa hu han ) Anken lam mat mau dd thuoc tm

b)

OXI HOA KHONG HOAN TOAN

Kh Etilen

C2H5OH va
H2SO4

dung dch KMnO4

2/ Phan ng Oxy hoa :

a/ Phan ng ot chay : (p oxyhoa hoan toan )

CnH2n + C 2H 4 +

3n
2

O2

t0

n 2+ CO CO2 +

H2n O 2 H 2O

t0 3 O2

b/ Phan ng vi dung dch thuoc tm (KMnO4) :

(p oxyhoa hu han ) Anken lam mat mau dd thuoc tm

CH2 =CH2 + O Etylen

+ H 2O

KMnO 4 CH CH 2 2 0 t OH

OH Etylen Glycol

3/ Phan ng trung hp: Trung hp la qua trnh cong hp lien tiep nhieu monome ( phan t co khoi lng nho ) giong nhau hay tng t nhau thanh polyme ( phan t co khoi lng ln )

VD : Xet phan ng trung hp cua Etylen nh sau

Neu 2
H

toC P t phan Xc tc

Etylen th sn phm
HH

toC la P Xc tc

HH

Neu 3 phan t Etylen th san pham la ..

CH2

CH2

+ CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

n Phan t Etylen th sn

toC P ph m la Xc tc

3/ Phan ng trung hp: Trung hp la qua trnh cong hp lien tiep nhieu monome ( phan t co khoi lng nho ) giong nhau hay tng t nhau thanh polyme ( phan t co khoi lng ln )

n CH2

CH2

Trung hp P ,xt , t0

CH2 CH2

Etylen

PolyEtylen
(nha P.E )

3/ Phan ng trung hp: Trung hp la qua trnh cong hp lien tiep nhieu monome ( phan t co khoi lng nho ) giong nhau hay tng t nhau thanh polyme (phan t co khoi lng ln )

n CH2
Etylen

CH2

Trung hp P ,xt , t0

CH2
PolyEtylen

(nha P.E )

CH2 n

n CH2=CH CH3
Propylen

Trung hp

P,xt,t0

CH2 CH
CH3 n PolyPropylen ( nha P.P )

IV NG DUNG:

Giam Axit axetic

450

Ru
ANKEN

DX HALOGEN
NHA P.E ; P.P

IV. NG DUNG CUA ANKEN

DUNG IEU CHE RU SAN XUAT AXIT AXETIC TONG HP CHAT DEO ( PE, PP). DAN XUAT HALOGEN

Anken co nhng tnh chat hoa hoc g ?

HOA TNH ANKEN

C
P/U CONG Vi t/n oi xng Br2 ,H2
vi t/n khong oi xngHX hay H2O (quy tac Mac cop nhi cop )

O
P/U OXYHOA
p/ ot chay p/ vi thuoc tm

T
P/U TRUNG HP Nha P.E

Nha P.P