,

.1
.2
.3

,
,
!

,
,
# ,

"

$%
/.

&'
(
+ &'
0%1

)
.

)
-

r &

.
56
n

r =1

n
r =1

Ur

*+
,

/.

U1 + U2 + U3 + .Un
, Ur = f(r)
n
2 '
3
f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + ..+ f(n)
Ur

*+
,

% &
+
,

U r = u 1 + u 2 + u 3 + ....... + u r ......... + u n 1 + u n

+
+

4'

)
-2

% $%.

7
56
.
5, 9, 13, 17, 21, ..
4'
*
/
4'
3 8 :- 9 5 = 13 9 = 17 13 .
+ 4'
/
$+3
,2
%+
.
+ 4'
/
.
2
/
*
4'

0
% $%-

56

- * (

0 /
9

.
/
4'
(4) 2
. 2
+
%
-

a
+
9
d
+
a, (a + d), (a + 2d), (a + 3d),
.
+
r
Tr = a + (r 1)d.
1 8
:
1, 3, 5, 7, .
a = 1, d = 2
.
+
2, 4, 6, 8, .
a = 2, d = 2
.
+
1, (1 + 3 ), (1 + 2 3 ), (1 + 3 3 ) .
a = 1, d = 3 .

0 /
A. P.
-

1.1

18

15

38

.
+
0 /

: :
T5 = 18,

T9 = 38
%+
.
Tr = a + (r 1)d
T5 = a + 4d = 18
T9 = a + 8d = 38
(2) (1) 4d = 20
9
d=5
0 /
a = -2
T15 = a + 14d = -2 + 14 5
45
: :

0 /

8
10

1.2

(1)
(2)

= 68.

&' ' 6

10, _, _, _, _, _, _, 45
Tr = a + (r 1)d
T8 = 45 = 10 + 7 . d
7d = 35 = 5
10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45

.
+

0 /
n
2 '
0 /
n
2 ' Sn
/.
2 - Sn = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + .. + [a + (n 2)d] + [a + (n 1)d]

'
/.
Sn = [a + (n 1)d] + [a + (n 2)d] + (a + d) + a
+
-2
/.
2Sn = [2a + (n 1)d] + [2a + (n 1)d + .+ [2a + (n 1)d] + [2a + (n 1)d]
(
n
4'
%+
)
2Sn = n [2a + (n 1)d
n
S n = [2a + (n 1)d ] .
2
1.3

(a)

2 '
2, 4 , 7 .
20
15, 9, 3, -45

(a)
(b)

: :
S20 = 2 + 4 + 7 + (
20
)
n
a = 2, d = 2 = 5/2
S n = [2a + (n 1)d ] n = 20,
2
20
5
=
2 2 + (20 1)
= 10 4 + 95 = 10 103
2
2
2
2
S20 = 515.

Sn = 15 + 9 + 3 + . 45
a = 15
d = -6 %
%+
.
n
- 9
%+
.
Tn = a + (n 1)d = -45
15 + (n 1) . (-6) = -45
15 6n + 6 = -45
6n = 15 + 45 + 6
n = 11
n
11
S n = [2a + (n 1)d ] = [2 15 + (11 1) 6]
2
2
11
11
= [2 15 + 10 6] = (30 60)
2
2
= 11 15 = -165.

(b)

1.4

8
+

n
2 '
.
log 3 + log 6 + log 12 + + ..

: :

Sn = log 3 + log 6 + log 12 + .

Sn = log 3 + [log 3 + log 2] + [log 3 + log 2 + log 2] + . log [3 + (n 1) log 2]

a = log 3,
d = log 2
n
S n = [2a + (n 1)d ]
2
= n/2 [2log 3 + (n 1)log 2]

= n log 3 +
8
1000

n
(n 1) log 2 .
2
log xy = log x + log y

1.5
2000

"
4'

2 '

: :
0 /
1000
2000
; 4
2 '
/.
a = 1000, d = 10, n = ? Tn = 2000
Tn = 2000 = a + (n 1)d
2000 = 1000 + (n 1) x 1
n = 1001
n
S n = [2a + (n 1)d ]
2
1001
=
[2 1000 + (1001 1) 1] = 1001 1500
2
= 1501500
1000 2000
3
%
4'
2 '
3
%
<
4
= 1002 = a
4
= 1998 = Tn
d=3
Tn = 1998 = a + (n 1)d
1998 = 1002 + (n 1)3
3n = 1998 999 = 999
n = 333
333
333
[2 1002 + (333 1) 3] =
Sn =
[2004 + 996]
2
2
= 333 x 1500 = 499500.
3
%
4'
2 '
1000 2000
= 1501500 499500 = 1452000.
8

1.6

0 /
S3 = 6, S5 = 11 %
(a) p
q
(b) n
-

2 ' Sn, Sn = pn + qn2

: :
Sn = pn + qn2
n = 3, S3 = 6 = 3p + q32
n = 5, S5 = 11 = 5p + q .52
(2) (1) x 5
10q = 1
q = 1/10
p = 2 3/10 = 17/10.
p = 17
q= 1
10
10

% .
.

p + 3q = 2
5p + 25q = 11

/.

(1)
(2)

(ii)

17
1
n + n2
10
10
17(n 1) 1
S n 1 =
+ (n 1) 2
10
10
17 n n 2
17
1
S n S n 1 = Tn =
+

(n 1) + (n 1) 2
10 10
10
10
17 1 2
17 1
=
+ [n (n 1) 2 ] =
+ (2n 1)
10 10
10 10
17 2n 1
Tn =
+

10 10 10
16 2n n 8
n +8
=
+
= + =
10 10 5 5
5
n +8
Tn =
5
T1 = 9
T2 = 10
n =1
n = 2
5
5
10 9
=

9
d = 1
5
5 5
Sn =

.2
,

0 /

2
a
0 /
2
3
a, ar, ar , ar ,

'

4'

%+

(i)
(ii)
8
32

+2

=9

-8
1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, .
-1/2, 1, -2, 4, -8

9
.+

&' '

ar2 ar3 ar4 ar5

ar5 = 243
5
r 5 = 243
= 3
r = 3
32
2
2
,
-32, 48, -72, 108, -162, 243

( )

( )

0 /
n
2 '
0 /
n
2 ' Sn
Sn = a + ar + ar2 + ..+ arn-1
(1)
r 1
+
r
/.

'

.+

/.

(G.P.)
:

+Tk = ark-1

Tk

a = , r = 2
.+
a = -1/2, r = -2
+
.

1.7
243

: :
a
ar
a = -32,

$+3
/

+
.

rSn = ar + ar2 + + arn-1 + arn

(1) (2) (1 r) Sn = a - arn
a (1 r n )
Sn =
(1 r )
Sn =

a (1 r n )
(1 r )

(2)

r>1

a (r n 1)
r<1
(r 1)
+n - r n 0
r <1

Sn =

S = a

1
1 r

rn
0.
1 r

1.8

.+

( )

n 1

S n = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 3 + ...... + 3 1
..(1)
a = 3,
2
4
2
2
n 1
n
1
1
3 3 3
1
1
(1) ;
S n = + + 3 + ...... + 3
+3
.(2)
2
2
2 4 2
2
2

(1) (2)

S = 6

( )

1 S = 33 1
2 n
2
1
1
Sn = 2 3 1 n = 6 1 n .
2
2
1
n
0
2n

Sn

0 /

( 5)

Sn = 5 1 1

(iv) 33S5 = S10 ;

: :

(i)

1.9

(i)

r=1

S10 = S9 + 5

( 5)

Sn = 5 1 1

Sn =

(ii)

2 '
4n 1
4 n 1

S1 = 5 1 1 = 4
5
n=2 S 2 = 5 1 1 2 = 24
5
5
0 /
a=4
S2 = a + ar = 24/5
4 + 4r = 24/5
24
4
4r =
4=
r= 1
5
5
5

9 /
r = 1/5.
n=1

%+
.

0 /

(iii) S n =

bn a n
a n 1

(ii)

4n 1
4 n 1
4 1
S1 = 0 = 3
0 /
= 3.
4
4 2 1 15
S2 = a + ar = 15/4
=
S2 =
4
41
3 + 3r = 15/4
3r = 15 3 = 3
4
4
r = .
9 /
= r =.

Sn =

bn a n
a n 1
0 /
= b a.
S1 = b a 0 = (b a )
a
b2 a 2
b2 a 2
S2 =
S 2 = (b a ) + (b a )r =
a
a
(b a )(b + a )
= (b a )[1 + r ] =
a
1 + r = (b + a)/a
b+a
b
r=
1 =
a
a

0 /
(b a)
9 /
b/a
.+

(iii) S n =

(iv) 33 S5 = S10
S10 = S9 + 5
a (1 r n )
Sn =
(1 r )

n=5

n=9

0 /

a (1 r 5 )
(1 r )

S5 =

a (1 r 9 )
S9 =
(1 r )

r 1, a 0

(2)

(2)

(1)

r5 1

(1)

n = 10

/
-

(1 r 5 ) a (1 r 10 )
=
(1 r )
1 r
5
33 (1 r ) = (1 r10)
33 (1 r5) = (1 r5)(1 + r5)
33 = 1 + r 5
r5 = 32
r = 2
33a

a (1 r 10 ) a (1 r 9 )
=
+5
(1 r )
1 r

a[210 1] a[2 9 1]
=
+5
2 1
2 1
a [1024 1] = a[512 1] + 5

.+
S10 =

a (1 r 10 )
(1 r )

a [1023 511] = 5
a [512] = 5
a=5

0 /

1.10

8
Sn(x),

0 /

512

.+

512

2 '

2
2
+
+ ..........
1+ x
1+ x
(a)
2 '
(b)
(c) S(x) 1
1+

(d)

S( x ) S n ( x )
S( x ) 1
=
S( x )
S( x )

x 1
.
2 ' S(x)
S(1.5)

: :
2

(a)

Sn (x) = 1 +
9
(1)

2
;
1+ x

(1) (2) ;

2
2
2
+
+ .......... +
1+ x
1+ x
1+ x
= r = 2/(1 + x) %
2
2
2
Sn (x) =
+
1+ x
1+ x
1+ x

1+ x 2
2
Sn (x) = 1
1+ x
1+ x

(b)

( 1+ x)

+n

+ ..... +

2
1+ x

n 1

2
1+ x

1+ x
1+ x
2

x 1
x 1 1 x
2
1+ x

1+ x
2
Sn (x) =
1
x 1
1+ x

2
<1
1+ x

(1)

2
2
1
Sn (x) = 1
1+ x
1+ x

n 1

.+

<1

(1 + x)2 > 22
(1 + x)2 22 > 0
[1 + x 2] [1 + x+ 2] > 0
(x + 3) (x 1) > 0
x < -3
x>1
x
x = { x : x R, x < 3

2 ' S(x)
x < -3
1+ x
S( x ) =
%
%+
.
1 x

x > 1 }.
x>1 - .

(2)

1 + 1.5
2.5
=
= 5
1 (1.5)
1.5

(c)

S(1.5) =

(d)

(1+ x )1 ( 2 )
S( x ) S n ( x )
S (x)
2
= 1 n
= 1 1 x 1+ x 1+ x = 1 1
(1 x )
S( x )
S( x )
1= x
2
=
1+ x

1+ x 1
= x1
1+ x
x1

S( x ) S n ( x )
S( x ) 1
=
S( x )
S( x )

S(1.5) = 5 .

(1)

9
4 .
0 /
n
2 ' 21
0 /
2n
2 ' 78
.+ 0 /
.
(2)
n
- (3n + 2),
/
%+
. 2
n
2 '
.
(3)
0 /
n
2 ' n(n + 1) .
0 /
.
(4)
n
2 '
/
7n + 2 : n + 4
+
. 2
/
.
(5) (1) + (3 + 5) + (7 + 9 + 11) + (13 + 15 + 17 + 19) +.
n
0 .
2 ' n2 % , 0 /
n
2 '
2
n
(n + 1) 2 %
&
.
4
(6) u1 + u2 + u3 + .
n 2 ' Sn
/ % . um
= 4, u4m = 24
S4m = 44Sm
+u1
m
.
0 /
5 . 25
6.2
.
9
/
7)
.
0 /
n
2 ' 1000 - <
.n
</
.
(8)
10
25 . 20
. 0 /
9
.
(9)
0 /
1
9
/
r
.+ 0 /
2 '
,
2 '
%
%+
. r 1
+r - %
.
(10) &
4
+
.
(1), (2, 3), (4, 5, 6, 7), (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15), ..
r
4 2r-1
%+
.
(i) n
0 /
.
(ii) n
.
(a)
0 /
n
4'
2
2n-1(2n 1) % ,
n-2
(b) n
. 4'
2
2 (3 .2n 1) %
.
(11) 1 + 0.99 + (0.99)2 + (0.993) +
n
2
,
2 '
1/2
- <
' n
</
.

(12)

Sn
2n

2 '

r,

2 ' S
.+ Sn, S
Sn
(2S S n ) %
S

r < 1,

0 /

2 '

0 /

/ - 0

(6)

n
(3n + 7) .
2
u1 = -2, m = 10.

(8)

a = 125.29/10 5-1/5, r = 2-1/10 5-1/5.

(1)

3.

(10) (i) 2

(1)

(2)

n1

(2)

0 /
a
Tk = ark 1
Sn
Sn

"

(4)

(7)

(7n + 2) : (n + 4)

0.05, 124.

(9) r = , r = 2.

(ii) (2 1)

r <1

2, 4, 6.

0 /
a
Tr = a + (r 1)d
0 /

(3)

(11)

69

S Sn
S

(12)

d
r
% .
n
2 ' Sn , S n = [2a + (n 1)d ]
2
9 /
r
0 /
n
2 ' Sn ,
(r n 1)
=a
r >1 (r 1)
(1 r n )
=a
r <1 /
(1 r )
2 ' S= a
.+ n ,
(1 r )

Tr ,

% .

/
k

%+
.
rn 0

+ &'

$%-

:
k

0 /

10

Tk

2 '

Sn