February 2012 Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections 1-Day Seminar with International Expert Robert E. Shaw, Jr., PE President Steel Structures Technology Center, Inc., USA Chairman of the International Institute of Welding Commission XV on Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Welded Structures cs So E Bs (3) fe) n n Pg po iS) a“ 9 uy n Ww [a S) 5 [aq i a re 12) P4 Ww .¢ uy ae | Zz HERA'S New Zealand Welding Centre 47-49 Giedding Place Manukau City Emal: welding@hera.org.nz \wobsite: wiw.hera.org.nzAchieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Robert E. Shaw, Jr., PE ‘Steel Structures Technology Center, Inc. www.steelstructures.com Achieving Seismic Performance In Steel Connections Whilst the general principles of seismic design have much in common, there are significant differences in detailed approach and emphasis for application in different countries. Therefore relevant NZ standards (NZS 3404.1 1997 and 2009, and AS/NZS 1554.1) will also be discussed and compared to the newly updated US standards (AISC 341, AISC 358, AWS D1.8). Achieving Seis Performance In Stool Connections Page 1 of243,Inte tee ENG. UOA 0003.7 ‘STEEL BUILDING DAMAGE FROM THE CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE SERIES OF 2010 and 2021 Charles Clifton’, Michel Bruneau’, Greg MacRae®, Roberto Leon, and Alistair Fussell? ENG.ACA.0010.Final.57 8 DAMAGE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES ‘Achieving Seismic Peformance in Stsol Connections Page 2 of 43Welded Connections for Earthquake Loading WOERNER W and SHORT A Figure 7: Detail of fracture at the toe of the fillet weld joining the bottom beam flange to [Foure + Falure of bam-encpiae sample the column flange for the specimen shown in ‘sue to beam Insti Figure 5, Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections 09:00 — 10:30 Significant findings from connection failures Addressing existing structural connections 10:30 — 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 — 12:15 Steel seismic force resisting systems Moment connections and bracing connections 12:15 - 13:00 Lunch Achieving Seismic Perfrmancs in Steel Connections Page 3 of243,Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections 13:00 — 14:30 Moment connections and bracing connections (continued) 14:30 — 14:45 Afternoon tea 14:45 — 15:30 Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices 15:30 — 16:15 Structural steel, welding and bolting inspection 16:15 — 17:00 Comparison of NZ and US standards 17:00 Discussion Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections 09:00 — 10:30 > Significant findings from connection failures Addressing existing structural connections 10:30 — 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 — 12:15 Steel seismic force resisting systems Moment connections and bracing connections 12:15 — 13:00 Lunch ‘Actieving Selemie Performance in Steel Conactons Page 4 of 243Figure 4 Pacific Tower [Photos by M. Bruneau and C Clifton]: (a) Global view;(b) Flaked paint on EBF active link; (c} and (d) Multi-story mechanical garage stacker failed braces; (e) Fractured EBF active link in top level of EBF system in front face of atrium; (e) Residual shear deformations of EBF link in car stacker tower. ‘STEEL BUILDING DAMAGE FROM THE CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE SERIES OF 2010 and 2011 Michel Bruneau, Charles Cito, Greg MacRae, Roberto Leon, and Altar Fussell Figure 6: Parking garage on St Asaph St and Antigua St, Christchurch [Photos by M. Bruneau}; (a) Redundancy provided by muttiple EBF bays; (b) Evidence of EBF linkyielding;{c) Fractured link at lower level EBF; (d) Evidence of inelastic deformations at top level EBF; (e) Close-up view of same; {f) Displacement at expansion joint, top ramp. (STEEL BUILDING DAMAGE FROM THE CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE SERIES OF 2010 and 2044 Michol Brunsau, Chatles Clifton, Greg Mache, Roberto Loon, and Altar Fusco ‘Achieving Seis Performance In Steal Connectons. Page § of243igure 6: Parking garage on St Asaph St and Antigua St, Christchurch [Photos by M. Bruneau Redundancy provided by multiple EBF bays; (b) Evidence of EBF link yiekding; (c) Fractured link at lower {evel EBF; (d) Evidence of inetastic deformations at top level EBF; (e) Close-up view of same; (f) Displacement at expansion joint, top ramp. ‘STEEL BUILDING DAMAGE FROM THE CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE SERIES OF 2010 and 2011 Miche! Bruneau, Chares Cito, Greg MacRae, Roberto Leon, and Asta Fussel Figure 8: Low-rise CBF parking garage [Photos by M. Bruneau]: (a} Poor column connection detail; (b) leuckled brace; (c) and (d) Fractured non-ductile brace-to-column connection. ‘STEEL BUILDING DAMAGE FROM THE CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE SERIES OF 2010.and 2011 Micha Bruneau, Caries Clon, Grog NacRae, Roberto Leon, and Afar Fussell ‘Actieving Selsmic Performance in Steel Comectons Page 5 of243Item 26b - Beam / Column Joints - OAMECT Sarat ron Welded Moment Connection SECOND EDITION Achieving Seismic Performance in Stoo! Connections Page 7 01243,‘Achloving Seismic Performance n Stel Comections Page 8 0f243,‘Achieving Seiemie Perfecmance in Steel Connections Page 9 012433 Recommended Seismic @ = | Recommended Specifications 3 $ | Design Criteria For New 2 8 {and Quality Assurance i. || 2 |Steel Moment-Frame ® Guidelines for Steel aa et 8 | Buildings iS Naas ate jo for Sule Anpenons FEMA 350 FEMA 353 FEMA Publications (800) 480-2520 www.fema.gov [Achioving Seismie Performance in Stel Connections Page 10 of 243FEMA 354 ‘APolicy Guide to ieciivomanse gue FEMA 354° > Engineers adopted designs that minimized the number of connections in each building, resulting in larger members and increased loads on the connections > Industry adopted a type of welding that could be used to make these connections more quickly, but sometimes resulted in welds that were more susceptible to cracking Inspection techniques and procedures used were often not adequate > Steel industry found new ways to economically produce structural steel with higher strength. Although the steel became stronger, designers were unaware of this and continued to specify the same connections Aenievng Seismic Performance in Stee! Comnectons Page 11 of 243Annex A Descriptions of Causes of Failures (essa Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections 09:00 — 10:30 Significant findings from connection failures > Addressing existing structural connections 10:30 — 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 — 12:15 Steel seismic force resisting systems Moment connections and bracing connections 12:15 — 13:00 Lunch ‘Actieving Selsmic Perfermanco in Stoel Connections Page 1201243Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings Recommended Selle 2] evaluation and Upgrade ao0000 S| ceiterafor Existing Welded 2 Steel Moment Frame Bastin FEMA 351 FEMA 351 Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buil 1. Introduction 2. Evaluation Overview 3. Performance Evaluation 4. Loss Estimation 5. Seismic Upgrade 6. Connection Qualification Appendices A. Detailed Procedures for Performance Evaluation B. Detailed Procedures for Loss Estimation Achieving Seismic Performance In Steel Connections Page 13 0f 243Connection Type Improved welded unreinforced flange Table 6-6 Prequalified Welded Fully Restrained Conne« Criteria Section Structural System Welded bottom haunch. Welded top and bottom hauneh Welded cover plated flange 2. Existing bolted shear tab. See Figure 6-9. 6.6.1 Improved Welded Unreinforced Flange (IWURF) Connection 1. See Figure 6-11 for welding requirements at these locations, 3, Existing or added continuity plates and web doubler plate. ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stel Comections Page 14.0f2436.6.1 Improved Welded Unreinforced Flange (IWURF) Connection O®@ 1. Gouge out existing weld at both the top and bottom flange and prepare joints for new weld. 2. Complete joint penetration groove weld at top and bottom flanges. At top flange, either (A), remove weld backing, backgouge, and add 8 mm (5/16") minimum filet weld, oF (B), leave backing in place and add 8 mm (SM6')fillet_ under backing ‘At bottom flange, remove weld backing, backgouge, and add 8 mm (6/16") minimum fillet weld Weld is QC/QA Category AH/T. 3. Existing weld access hole to remain unmodified. 6.6.1 Improved Welded Unreinforced Flange (IWURF) Connection 41. Gouge out existing weld at both the top and bottom flange and prepare joints for new weld. 2. Complete joint penetration groove weld at top and. ® bottom flanges. At top flange, either (A), remove weld backing, backgouge, and add 8 mm (6/16") minimum fillet weld, or (B), leave backing in place and add 8 ‘mm (6116") fillet under backing, ‘At bottom flange, remove weld backing, backgouge, ‘and add 8 mm (5/16") minimum filet wel, Weld is QC/QA Category AHIT. 3, Existing weld access hole to remain unmodified. XO. @ © ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 15 0f2436.6.2 Welded Bottom Haunch (WBH) Connection en ae 7. Stiffener CJP welds; see Sections 6.4.2.3 © 8. Stiffener filet welds, 8 mm (5/16") minimum, 1. For OMF connection, existing weld can remain. For SMF connection, see Figure 6 11 Existing bolted shear tab, Existing continuity plates and web doubler plate. See Figure 6-9. WT haunch. New 12 mm (%4") minimum stiffener plates each side, .. Haunch welds, see Sections 6.4.2.3 and 8.4.2.4, QCIQA category AH/T. and 6.4.2.4, QC/IQA Category BM/T. QCIQA Category CLIL. 6.6.3 Welded Top and Bottom Haunch (WTBH) Connection 1. For OMF connection, weld can remain. For SMF ‘connection, see Figure 6-11 2, Existing bolted shear tab 3, Existing continuity plates and web doubler plate. See Figure 6-2. 4, WT haunches. 5. New 12 mm (4°) minimum sfiffener plate each side. 6. Haunch welds, see Sections 6.4.2.3 and 6.42.4, QCIQA category AH/T. 7. Stilfener CJP welds; see Sections 6.4.2.3 and 6.4.2.4, QCIOA Category BMIT. 8, Stiffener filet welds, 8 mm (6/16) minimum. QCIOA Category CLIL ‘Achieving Selamic Petormance in Steal Connections Page 16 of 2496.6.4 Welded Cover Plated Flange (WCPF) Connection o> \ a) @ 4. For OMF connection, weld can remain. vo / For SMF connection, see Figure 6-11 2. Existing bolted shear tab. 3. Existing continuity plates and web doubler plate, See Figure 6-8. 4, Cover plates. 5. Cover plate CJP welds, see Section 6.4.2.3 and 6.4.2.4, QC/QA Category AHIT. 6. Cover plate filet welds, QC/QA Category BHIL. HERA Report R4-76 Seismic Design Procedures for Steel Structures First Edition: May 1995 (updated) 10 fiange ‘and flanga O75dt0 1.00 Fig. 8.3 (= beam depth) Plan view of connection showing suggested dimensions and weld details for beam flange plate to beam flange Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 17 of243Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections 09:00 — 10:30 Significant findings from connection failures Addressing existing structural connections 10:30 - 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 — 12:15 > Steel seismic force resisting systems Moment connections and bracing connections 12:15 — 13:00 Lunch Seismic force resisting systems Moment Frames SMF Special IMF Intermediate OMF Ordinary STMF _| Special Truss ‘Achieving Seiemie Performance in Steel Connections Page 18 0f243Inelastic Frame Behavior 8 drift angle FEMA 350 — Fig. 3-1 Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 19 of 243Interstory Drift (radians) Classification FEMA AISC Ductile SMF 0.04 0.04 Moderately Ductile IMF 0.03 0.02 Limited-Ductility OMF 0.02 untested Seismic force resisting systems Braced Frames SCBF __| Special Concentrically OCBF _| Ordinary Concentrically EBF Eccentrically BRBF Buckling-Restrained ‘Achloving Selomic Performance in Steel Connections Page 20 of 243Concentric Concentric Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 21 of 249ZA (d AFC on beam batiom flange (MacRae, 2012. Figure 8.13. Some ARC brace configurations (MacRae and Clifton, 2010) (O)AFC atachment, University of Canterbury Research Report No. 2011-02 8 DAMAGE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES Eccentric ‘Actievig Seismic Performance in Stee! Comectons Page 22 of 243Eccentric Item 40a - Active Link r - a MANUAL OF STANDARD CONNECTION DETAILS FOR STRUCTURAL STEELWORK COPE .RER NOTE 1 Achieving So's Performance in Steel Connections Page 23 0f 243Item 40b - Active Link MANUAL OF STANDARD CONNECTION DETAILS FOR STRUCTURAL STEELWORK am f . [ vd i | 4 a : i | i | rer SED COPE | A care | re \ ° i iy OR Lm Item 36 - Beam / Brace - Welded ARAL SF STRIPED oe. ED ope, Smerbtl Sresbnone ‘SECOND EDITION (OPE. REF. NOTE 7 ‘AND SECTION 1.3, Achieving Selsmic Performance in Stee Comectons Page 24 0f243Item 37 - Beam / Brace - Bolted MANUAL OF STANDARD CONNECTION DETAILS FOR ‘STRUCTURAL STEELWORK air Lv OR Lm Eccentric [Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 25 of 243Eccentric REPLACEABLE SHEAR LINK Bean ‘sales in Traced Newt ioee Beam Tera feral ea reraining beam Figure 8.15, Replaceable link in EBF (Mansour etal, 2009). University of Canterbury Research Report No. 2011-02 8 DAMAGE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES ‘Actioving Seismic Performance in Steel Comections Page 25 0f243Plate Over Shims elther side of Web oh g (Deckiig not shown ( er "Deck Support Piste , f Stee _(b) Rotational AFC link. Figure 8,17, Rotational AFC Link in EBFs (Khan and Clifton, 2011). University of Canterbury Research Report No. 2011-02 8 DAMAGE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES Buckling-Restrained ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Gonnectons Page 27 of 248Buckling-Restrained core Transition Steel Core ‘ransiion Gore | Exeation|Seanent (Melding Section) ‘Segment | Extension Core Extension ‘stitfener i ~~ ap for Gusset Plate re Plate stitener ERB Core Extension Assembly Reinforced Core Section Transition Segment Material, Reduced Cross-Section, faftaches to gusset lates) (ects sleeve during tense ieaing, (lls under tensile and Mainainingreguced section inside) "compressive loads). Buckling-Restrained Rs ee 1 ++ DETAIL eA, ons Lar 4 = T ae = f eee TM aucxuine resTeaneverace pean _CoreBrace ‘Aeteving Seemie Perfomance i Stes! Comoctons Page 28 01243Buckling-Restr ue i CoreBrace™ ‘Achieving Seis Perarmancs In Stoel Connections Paye 29 of 243Buckling-Restrained’ a i oe Star Seismic a exe PowerCat ™ Buckling-Restrained Star Seismi ) PowerCat ™ ‘Achloving Selsmic Performance in Steel Conections Page 30 of 243Buckling-Restrained Seismic force resisting systems Plate Shear Walls sPsw__| Special Achieving Seismic Periormance in Stee! Connections Page 31 of 243‘Steel plate shear wall (SPSW) Asteel plate shear wall is a lateral load resisting system consisting of steel plate infills connected to surrounding horizontal (beams) and vertical (column) boundary elements to form a cantilever wall Plate (Shear) Walls ‘tifened Steel Shear ‘wall with Opening ‘Stifenod Stoo! Shear ‘Stee! Plate Shoar Wall (Unetiferes) ‘Wall With Opening Achioving Seisni Performance in Sel Connections Page 32 of 243Plate (Shear) Walls Plate (Shear) Walls Achloving Sesmic Performance in Steel Connections Page 33 of 243Plate (Shear) Walls Springs. (a) Schematic (b) Photo of Springs in the Legs (Sidwell, 2010) Figure 8.20. Rocking structure in Wellington. University of Canterbury Research Report No. 2011-02 8 DAMAGE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES Actieving Seismle Pertormance in Steel Connections Page 24 of 243Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections 09:00 — 10:30 Significant findings from connection failures Addressing existing structural connections 10:30 — 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 — 12:15 Steel seismic force resisting systems > Moment connections and bracing connections 12:15 — 13:00 Lunch = Z ‘Recommended Specifications i al opesga Ces Bence 3 8 |and Quality Assurance be 2] Steel Moment-Frame $i] 8 | Guidelines for Steet 3 2} Buildings 8 © |Moment-Frame Construction = | © |for Seismic Applications r —F FEMA 350 FEMA 353 FEMA Publications (800) 480-2520. www.fema.gov Achieving Selsmc Performance in Stee! Connections Page 36 of 243Prequalified Connections under FEMA 350 Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Welded Unreinforced Flange — Bolted Web (VWWUF-B) Welded Unreinforced Flange — Welded Web (WUF-W) Free Flange Connection (FF) Welded Flange Plate (WFP) Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Bolted Unstiffened End Plate (BUEP) Bolted Stiffened End Plate (BSEP) Double Split Tee (DST) |Prequalified Connections - AISC 341 Appendix x K14 Prequalification of Beam-to-Column and Link-to-Column Connections Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 36 of 243AISC 341-10 K. PREQUALIFICATION AND CYCLIC QUALIFICATION TESTING PROVISIONS K1. Prequalification of Beam-to-Column and Link-to-Column Connections K2. Cyclic Tests for Qualification of Beam-to-Column and Link-to-Column Connections K3. Cyclic Tests for Qualification of Buckling-Restrained Braces AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P4. Prequalification Variables (1) Beam or Link parameters (2) Column parameters (3) Beam (or Link) - Column relations (4) Continuity Plates (5) Welds (6) Bolts (7) Workmanship (8) Additional connection details AISC 341-05 - P4 AISG 341-10 - K1.4 Achieving Seismic Pecfommance in Steel Connections, Pago 37 of 248AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P4, Prequalification Variables (3) Beam - Column Relations (a) Panel zone strength (b) Doubler plate attachment details (c) Column - beam (or link) moment ratio AISC 341-05 - P4(3) AISC 341-10 - K1.4c AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P4. Prequalification Variables Sk Ffener (4) Continuity Piates (a) Identi ‘ion of conditions under which continuity plates are required (b) Thickness, width and depth (c) Attachment details AISC 341-05 - P4{4) AIS 341-10 - K1.4d Achieving Selle Performance in Steel Connections Page 38 of 243AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P4. Prequalification Variables (5) Welds (a) Location, extent (including returns), type (CJP, PJP, fillet, etc.) and any reinforcement or contouring required (b) Filler metal classification strength and notch toughness (c) Details and treatment of weld backing and weld tabs (d) Weld access holes: size, geometry and finish (e) Welding quality control and quality assurance beyond that described in Section 18 ... AISC 341-05 - P4(5) AISC 341-10 - K1.4e AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P4. Prequalification Variables (6) Bolts (a) Bolt diameter (b) Bolt grade: ASTM A325, A490, or other (c) Installation requirements: pretensioned, snug tight, or other (d) Hole type: standard, oversized, short-slot, long-slot, or other (e) Hole fabrication method: drilling, punching, sub-punching and reaming, or other (f) | Other parameters pertinent to the AISG 341-05 - P4(8) specific connection under consideration AIS 341-10 - K1.4f Achieving Seismic Peformance in Stee! Connections Page 39 of 248AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P4, Prequalification Variables (7) Workmanship All workmanship parameters that exceed AISC, RCSC and AWS requirements, pertinent to the specific connection under consideration, such as: (a) surface roughness of thermal cut or ground edges (b) cutting tolerances (c) weld reinforcement or contouring (d) presence of holes, fasteners or welds for attachments AISC 341-05 - P4(7) AISC 341-10 -K1.4g AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P4. Prequalification Variables (8) Additional connection details All variables pertinent to the specific connection under consideration, as established by the CPRP. AISC 341-05 - P4(8) AISC 341-10 - K1.4g ‘AcHieving Seismic Performance in Steel Comectons Page 40 of 243AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P5. Design Procedure Acomprehensive design procedure must be available for a Prequalified Connection. The design procedure must address all applicable limit states within the limits of Prequalification. AISC 341-05 - P5 AISC 341-10 - K1.5 AISC 341-05 - Appendix P P6. Prequalification Record (1) General description and drawings (2) Description of expected behavior (3) Listing of system: SMF, IMF, or EBF (4) Listing of limits for prequalification variables (5) Listing of Demand Critical welds (6) Definition of Protected Zone (7) Design procedure (8) List of references — test reports, research reports, and other publications AISC 341-05 - PS (9) Summary of QC and QA procedures AISC 341-10 - K1.6 Achieving Seize Peformance in Stoel Connections Pago 41 of 243Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications ‘rca ABC tn rts es Pn * AISC 358-05 CPRP? Connection Supplement No. 1 to| ANSI/AISC 358-05} Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate] Steel Moment Frames for| Seismic Applications| AISC 358-05s1-09 AISC 358s1-11 - Prequalified Connections mtn i eaner regret and Interdit 2. Design Criteria Steel Moment Frames for 3. Welding Requirements Seismic eset 4. Bolting Requirements Con Oe Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Bolted Unstiffened and Stiffened Extended End-Plate (BUEEP, BSEEP) Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Welded Unreinforced Flange-Welded Web (WUF-W) Kaiser Bolted Bracket (KBB) 10. ConXtech ConXL ‘Achioving Seismic Peformance in Stool Comoctons Page 42 of 243Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Most Popute Reduced Beam Section (RBS) a= (0.5 to 0.75) by © = (0.1 to 0.25) by b= (0.65 to 0.85) d, AISC 358 - 5.8 ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stool Connections Page 43 of 243Remove backing Backgouge Backweld Add reinforcing fillet ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stel Comections Bottom Flange AISC 358 - 3.3.2 Page 44 0f 243,Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Top Flange No top reinforcing weld required Demand Critical CJP eae 16" 8mm AISC 358 - 3.3.3 Reduced Beam Section (RBS) 3/4 ty 3/4 ty) AISC 358 - 5.6.2.2 Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 46 0f 248Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Bolted Shear Tab IMF only - AISC 358 Tab to column - CJP groove or fillet weld Bolts in bearing, ® = 1.0 (A/SC 358 - SC) Bolts pretensioned, A325 or A490 Welded Shear Tab SMF & IMF - AISC 358 CJP groove between beam web and column AISC 358 - 5.6.2.1 & 2 Reduced Beam Section (RBS) SMF or IMF AISC 358 - 6.6.2.1 & 2 ‘Actieving Seismie Performance In Stee! Connections Page 48 of 243Reduced Beam Section (RBS) SMF or IMF beam web size for erection loads AISC 358 - 5.6.2.1 Reduced Beam Section Limitations on Prequalification AISC 358 -5.3 CISC Depth max W386, or equiv if built-up | Max W920 Weight / Mass max 300 pif maximum mass 446 kg/m ‘Spancdepth ratio | IMF: min 5 SME: min 7 ae Flange thickness _| max 1-3/4" max 44 mm Flange b/t ratio AISC Seismic Table I-8-1 | Maximum b/2t = 7.3, where b is taken as the flange width at the ends of the middle 2/3 of the reduced section Weld access holes | AISC J1.6 (see 5.5.2) Figure 6.1 or as shown in Figure 3-5 of FEMA-350 ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 47 of 249Bolted Extended End Plate Item 27a - Beam / Column Joint - counterion Gerace FoR STRUCTURAL. STEELWORK Bolted Moment Connection SECOND Dion (REF. SECTION 1.3 Ne er sea Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Comectons Page 48 of 243Structural Steelwork Connections Guide DESIGN PROCEDURES SCNZ Report 14.1: 2007 February 2008 X. MEP: MOMENT END PLATE: EXTENDED. DESIGN OBJECTIVES DESIGN FORMULAE MEP MOMENT END PLATE DRAWINGS moop> Bolted Extended End Plate Stiffened Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 49 0f 248Bolted Extended End Plate Configurations \‘a) Four Bolt Unstiffened, 4E (b) Four Bolt Stiffened, 4ES (c) Eight Bolt Stiffened, SES AISC 358 - Figure 6.1 Eight Bolt Stiffened 8ES AISC 358 - Figure 6.6 ‘Actiaving Selamic Performance in Steel Connections Page 50 of 243TABLE 6.1 Parametric Limitations on Prequalification iaiened Four-Bolt Stiffened | Eight-Bolt stiffened ms (aes) (eS) Parameter nan in Inn In mn) inn) | nr) s | wen | 40a | me | «oa [| eae | xc by» | 10273 | 707=) | 10x e7a) | 7178) | Seay | 022) 2 6152) | «(10a | 00052) | sures) | ocvsay | 5.27 Pope | seca) | 1a) | BACH) | HUH | 260 | een Ps = = = = __| e005) [3% 60) ad | ss c1a05) | tox em) | 24610) | tox GA) | soc) | 18457) te xc) | xc |x | % | te) | woo bw | scaas) | 6c152 | oes | ett) | meer | 7A (190 AISC 358-05s1-09 - Table 6.1 Bolted Extended End Plate Flange Welding CJP - Demand Critical End Plate 5/16" [8 mm] fillet, Demand Critical AISG 358 - 6.9.7.3 Achieving Selamie Perfomance in te0l Connections Page 61 of 243Bolted Extended End Plate Web Welding AISC 358 - 6.9.7.2 Bolted Extended End Plate Achloving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Web Welding develop strength of beam web in tension ~~ 6" [150 mm) AISC 358 -6.9.7.1&2 Page 82 of 243Bolted Extended End Plate Column Fit-Up Finger shims permitted AISC 358 - 6.9.5, Figure 6.3 Bolted Extended End Plate = Design value — shear / bearing = STD holes = Pretensioned joint AISC 358 = not prequalified for SMF in direct contact with Concrete Structural Slabs = special detailing for studs and slab at columns for IMF Tsolake Wu conenete Prem Sheol Columns. AISC 358-05 - 6.2, 6.9.6 Achieving Seisis Performance in Steel Connections Page 68 of 249AISC 358-05s1-09 6.2 Systems Extended end-plate moment connections are prequalified for use in special moment frame (SMF) and intermediate moment frame (IMF) systems. Exception: End-plate moment connections in SMF systems with concrete structural slabs are prequalified only if: (1) in addition to the limitations of Table 6.1 the nominal beam depth is not less than 24" [600 mm]; (2) there are no shear connectors within 1.5 times the beam depth from the face of the connected column flange; and (3) the concrete structural slab is kept at least 1" [25 mm] from both sides of both column flanges. It is permitted to place compressible material in the gap between the column flanges and the concrete structural slab. AISC 358-05s1-09 - 6.2 ‘Actloving Selsmic Performance in Steel Comecions Page 84 of243AISC 358-05s1-09 - Prequalified Connections SANVATSC 838-04 BeEaEeEe eee Pn oa Freq Comecton foe petal an Intermed General ‘Stal Momeat rome Design Criteria Seni Apple Welding Requirements Bolting Requirements Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Bolted Unstiffened and Stiffened Extended End-Plate (BUEEP, BSEEP) Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Welded Unreinforced Flange-Welded Web (WUF-W) Kaiser Bolted Bracket (KBB) Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) AISC 358-05s1-09 - Chapter 7 ‘Achieving Selsmic Performance in Stoel Connections Pago 55 of 248Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) AISC 358-05s1-09 - Chapter 7 Item 27a - Beam / Column Joint - COtNEoN BETAS Fe FOR Bolted Moment Connection aes STEELWORK eee! ee a Le tp— ie | T I + ; : ; ; en ‘Achieving Setemie Peformance in Steal Connections Page 58 of243Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) : CUP AISC 358-05s1-09 - 7.5.2 Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) 27 mm] A490 / F2280 - PT joint (bearing), threads excluded, Phe max OVS or STD holes in plate STD holes in beam flange Holes drilled or sub-punched and reamed AISC 358-05s1-09 - 7.5.4 Achieving Selsmle Performance in Stoel Connections. Page 57 0f 243Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) | A325 or A490 - PT joint Tab - SSL holes Beam Web - STD holes AISC 358-05s1-09 - 7.1 Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Limitations on Prequalification Depth max W36 [W920], or equiv if built-up Weight / Mass max 150 pif [223 kg/m] Span:depth ratio IMF: min 7 SMF: min 9 Flange thickness max 1" [25 mm] AISC 358-0551-09 - 7.3.4 Actieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Connections age 58 0f243Pant ROMEED se ge (Sing hinge gue 2. TePani Vlge Bling ng Figure 8.4, Flexural AFC SHJ Connection (MacRae and Clifton, 2010). University of Canterbury Research Report No. 2011-02 8 DAMAGE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES Figure 8.8, Alternative SHJ Connection (MacRae and Clifton, 2010). University of Canterbury Research Report No. 2011-02 8 DAMAGE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES ‘Acteving Ssiemic Performance in Steel Connections Page 89 of 243Item 27c - Beam / Column Joint - Bolted Moment Connection 50, WANUAL OF STANDARD CONNECTION DETAILS FOR ‘STRUCTURAL STEELWORK ‘SECOND EDITION Item 27d - Beam / Column Joint - Bolted Moment Connection 10 27 bine, TEE ALTERNATIVE power TANUAL OF STANDARD CONNECTION DETAILS FOR ‘STRUCTURAL STEELWORK ‘SECOND EDITION Actieving Seismic Pecformance In Steel Connections Page 60 of 243AISC 358-05s1-09 - Prequ General Design Criteria

of se f a1 Lf @ AISC 358-05s1-09 - 8.6 -Actieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 82 of 243Welded Unreinforced Flange — Welded Web (WUF-W) Limitations on Prequalification Depth max W36 [W920], or equiv if built-up Weight / Mass max 150 pif [223 kg/m] Span:depth ratio IMF: min 5 SME: min 7 Flange thickness t max 1" [25 mm] Weld access holes AWS D1.8-2005 subciause 6.9.2 AISC 358-05s1-09 - 8.3.1 Item 26a - Beam / Column Joints - CONNECHION DEFAILS FoR Welded Moment Connection Bee eoene ‘STEELWORK Kee som > ‘Achieving Seismic Performan in Stoo! Connections Page 69 of 248HERA Report R4-76 Seismic Design Procedures for Steel Structures First Edition: May 1995 (updated) er. seenon 43 KK: sens wT] oT | e+ veut Page | 1 ea To ovo rare | ROBERT | : f K— Ger, secnon i sa, secron $3, iad Fig. 8.1 * Welded beam-column joint details (from [40)). References are to sections within [40] HERA Report R4-76 Seismic Design Procedures for Steel Structures First Edition: May 1995 (updated) zs Nyce 2 Nigt fS required fo suppress fracture at section A - A ig. 8.2 Basis of recommended design model for a welded beam-column connection ‘Achieving Selsmic Performance in Steel Connections Page 64 of 243Welded Connections for Earthquake Loading WOERNER W and SHORT A Figure 7: Detail of fracture at the toe of the fillet weld joining the bottom beam flange to Figure 4 Falure of beam-endplate sample the column flange for the specimen shown in ‘due to beam instability Figure 5. IX. WM: WELDED MOMENT.. 63 DESIGN OBJECTIVES ..... DESIGN FEATURES... DESIGN PROCEDURE. DESIGN FORMULAE WM WELDED MOMENT DRAWINGS .. moom> ‘Structural Steelwork Connections Guide DESIGN PROCEDURES ‘SCNZ Report 14.1: 2007 February 2008 /Achioving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 65 of 243AISC 358-05s1-09 - Prequalified Connections Seatac soe epee Oe PON Prequalified Connecti General for Special and Tntermediat Design Criteria __SS Seas Appeatn Welding Requirements ma Bolting Requirements Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Bolted Unstiffened and Stiffened Extended End-Plate (BUEEP, BSEEP) Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Welded Unreinforced Flange-Welded Web (WUF-W) Kaiser Bolted Bracket (KBB) KBB - Kaiser Bolted Bracket ™ AISC 358-05s1-09 - Chapter 9 ‘Achieving Selemie Performanca in Stsol Comactons Page 65 of 243KBB - Kaiser Bolted Bracket ™ Limitations on Prequalification Depth max W33 [W840], or equiv if built-up Weight / Mass max 130 plf [193 kg/m) Span:depth ratio IMF: min 9 ‘SMF: min 9 Flange thickness {, max 1" [25 mm] Flange width b, minimum - B-series 10" [250 mm] W-series 6" [150 mm] AISC 358-05s1-09 - 9.3.1 AISC 358s1-11 - Prequalified Connections pe eee regen and Intermediate 2. Design Criteria Steel Moment Frames for 3. Welding Requirements Seismic Application] 4. Bolting Requirements Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Bolted Unstiffened and Stiffened Extended End-Plate (BUEEP, BSEEP) Oe Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Welded Unreinforced Flange-Welded Web (WUF-W) Kaiser Bolted Bracket (KBB) oan~ 410. ConXtech ConXL ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 67 of 243ConXtech® ConXL™ Co Mange aoeambly ‘Square steel HSS or buap cot AISC 358s1-11 Chapter 10 ConXtech® ConXL™ Column Cellar Cores Top (CCT) Piece -Colar Commer Middle (CCM) Pece ‘colar Corner Bottom (CCB) Piece AISC 358s1-11 Chapter 10 Actieving Seismic Performance in Stel Comecions Page 88 of 243ConXtech® ConXL™ ConXtech® ConXR™ ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Connectors Pago 69 of 243Double Split Tee (DST) FEMA 350 - 3.7.1, Figure 3-20 Nee Non-linear lead Figure 8.9. Schematic of HF2V devices below beam in steel moment frames (Mander et al., 2009). University of Canterbury Research Report No. 2011-02 8 DAMAGE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Conections Page 70 of 243develop strength in shear Welded Flange Plate (WFP) ak Moment connections and bracing connections (cont.) 14:30 — 14:45 Afternoon Tea 14:45 — 15:30 Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices 15:30 — 16:15 Structural steel, weldi 16:15 — 17:00 Comparison of NZ and US standards 17:00 Discussion and bolting inspection Achieving Seismic Performance in Stoel Connections Page 76 of 243Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections 13:00 — 14:30 Moment connections and bracing connections (continued) 14:30 - 14:45 Afternoon Tea 14:45 — 15:30 > Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices 15:30 — 16:15 Structural steel, welding and bolting inspection 16:15 — 17:00 Comparison of NZ and US standards 17:00 Discussion Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices @Structural steels Q Welding materials - = strength = notch toughness « diffusible hydrogen Q Heat input testing and WPS limits Q FCAW filler metal exposure Q Intermixed filler metals ‘Achieving Seismic Perirmancs in Steal Connections Page 77 of 243Structural Steels - SFRS for members in which inelastic behavior is expected ... SLRS Max spec. F, E2 - IMF, E3 - SMF, E4 - STMF, ES - OCCS, E6 - SCCS : F2 - SCBF, F3 - EBF, F4 - BRBF, F5 - SPSW 50 ksi G2 - C-IMF, G3 - C-SMF, C-PRMF 345 MPa H2 - C-SCBF, H3 - C-EBF, H5 - C-SSW, C-PSW E1 - OMF F1 -OCBF 55 ksi G1 -C-OMF 380 MPa H1 - C-OBF, H4 - C-OSW AISC 341-05-6.1 _ AISC 341-10 -A3.1 Structural Steels - SFRS Shapes with flange thickness > 1-1/2" [38 mm] Welded built-up members with web or flange thickness > 2” [50 mm] Connection plates under inelastic strain with thickness > 2" [50 mm] Steel core of BRBF with thickness > 2" [50 mm] Impact foughness—y CVN 20 ft-Ibf @ 70°F [27J @ +21°C] shapes - ASTM A6, Supp Req't S30 plates - ASTM A673, Frequency P AISC 360 -A3.1c AISC 341-05 -6.3 AISC 341-10 -A3.3 Achieving Selemie Performance in Steel Connections, Page 78 of 243Structural Steels CVN 20 ft-lbf @ 70°F [27J @ +21°C] Shape Probability of Exceedance A572 gr 50 - all 87 A572 gr 50 - Group 2 100 A572 gt 50 - Group 3 100 A572 gr 50 - Group 4 89 A672 gr 50 - Group 5 60 Modern Steel Construction, May 1996 Structural Steels Through - Thickness Properties ‘Achieving Seismic Performan in Stoel Connectons, Page 79 of 248Through - Thickness Properties Structural Steels with through-thickness shrinkage strains 3" [75 mm ASTM A898 - Base Metal NDT for Lamellar Tearing and Laminations AISC 341-05 - Q5.2 (2) (c) AISC 341-10 - J6.2.2¢ Achiaving Seismie Performance in Stvel Connections Page 80 of 2432.2.4 Steel for seismic applications | Lue Steel types used in seismic members shall conform with the requirements of Table 1 or otherwise comply with the requirements of Table 3. See Table 2 for steel grade relationships to steel types and Table 4 for steel types for highway or railway bridges. 02.24 The materials requirements for category 1 and 2 members are more stringent than those for category 3 members, which in turn are more stringent than those required for category 4 members. Therefore steel types suitable for category 1 and 2 members may also be used for category 3 and 4 members. Similarly, steel types suitable for category 3 members may also be used for category 4 members. Table 1 — Steel types for seismic members Seismic member category Conforming steel types 1 and 2 28, 3, 5S, 6 3 2,5 4 1,4, 7A, 7B, 7C ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Slee! Connections Page 81 of 243Tansee oven ena ‘Seismic member category Conforming steel types [= — tand2 28, 3, 58, 6 “abla 2— Stoel type relationship to steal grade Gorstets tom 22.1 Sect Sool grade (pe AST’ ASINZS 1594 | ASINZS 3678 ASINZS BSEN JIS G 3105 108) asmzssera2| aerer | 1005 | iseatss at 23) - 25080 25080 e ie 22050 0nso 3 A : asoits | asauts | sarsiaca | swamnc soo.rs | soars | saranace xf = 36080 35080 a = 3 a : asoas | ssouts | secsiza | awszoc 00418 62561204 ‘AetovngSeloric Pesomance in Stel Comnectons age 8201248‘Seismic member category | Conforming steel types 3 2,5 “Table 2~ stool ype relationship to stool grace (or stesistran221) ‘Stool grade sins [asnizstsss | aomzeaera | asnzs | asen | visea0s ASTA A106 asmzs67a2| 3970: toms | uiseatse APLSL 2 | casoi0 - e zo.0 | sare | swoon 0010 ev 4008 3 | exsm0 = wrssoo | ssoo | sen | swasove M5208 Maso Seismic member category | Conforming steel types 4 1, 4, 7A, 7B, 7C “Table 2— Geel ype relationship to steal grace er steels rom 22.4) Steet Stoel grado ‘ype AS11463 | ASINZS 1534 | AS/NZS 3678 ASINZS: BSEN JISG 3106 AT A106 asnzs3cre2| 2679.4 100s | uisea136 APIS. 1 c280 200 | 200 (250 ‘S275 (SM 400A, rede B 250 250 300 sa7sin | sn aooa 300 300 _ + | caso ASSO 350 360 sas) SMABOVA Haato wwraso 255k #5010 = z : 2 = 2 z 450148, 7 = = ‘Achieving Seismic Perfrmancs in Steel Connections age 89 of 243Table 3 — Category 1 and 2 seismic member material requirements Gow BEE ttem Category 4 and 2 members 1 Maximum grade veld stress 360 MPa (see Note 1) 2 Minimum % elongetion after fracture 25 (see Notes 2, 3) 3 ‘Maximum yield to tensile ratio (f/f) as, (see Note 2) 7 4 Maximum yield siress 1.33 3 }see Note 1) | (see Note 2) ~~ 5 | Minimum Charpy VeNotch impact energy | 0d @\0°C - Average of three tests (see Notes 2,4,5,6) 50) @ 0°C — Individual test NOTE = NOTE— (1) The limits in iter 1 and the 1.33 fy value in item 4 are based on a grade reference steel thickness of 12 < t $20 mm from the appropriate materials supply Standard from 2.2.1 (2) For items 2, 3, and 4, the mechanical properties are those recorded on the certified mill test report or test certificate (3) Elongation after fracture shail be determined from proportional test pieces in accordance with AS 1391. (4) Tensile and Charpy V-Notch testing shall be completed and assessed for compliance in ‘accordance with the provisions for selection, position and orientation, preparation for testing and testing procedures found in AS/NZS 9679.1 for hot rolled stee! sections, AS/NZ 3678 for plete used in welded steel sections and AS 1163 for structural steel hollow sections. (5) Charpy V-Notch testing is only required for sections greater than 12 mm thick. (6) Steel conforming with Table 3 may be considered to be equivalent to steel type 2S or 5S for permissible service temperature and welding requirements. ‘Achieving Selsmic Pesformance in Steel Connections Page 84 of 2432.6 Material selection to suppress brittle fracture C26 The provisions of 2.6 are drawn from AS 4100 with minor modifications. Brittle or fast fracture may occur when a critical combination of the following conditions exist: (a) Astress raising notch or crack in the presence of active or residual tensile stress; (b) Low fracture toughness or Charpy V-Notch energy absorption of parent metal or welds. This is related to a number of variables including steel thickness, chemical composition, and density of non-metallic particles. In welds this is strongly linked to the effectiveness of shielding gases during welding; (c) Cyclic plastic deformation occurs degrading the CVN characteristics of the steel, increasing its transition temperature (see 2.7(a)). 2.6.4.3 Modification for certain applications 2.6.4.3.1 Stee! subject to greater than 1.0% strain (non-seismic applications) Where a member or component is subject.to more than 1.0% but less than 10.0% outer bend fibre strain during fabrication, the permissible service temperatures for each steel type shall be increased by 20°C above the value given in Table 5. NOTE — Disregard local strain due to weld distortion. 2.6.4,3.2 Steel used in category 1, 2 or 3 members (seismic applications) For category 1 or 2 members, the permissible service temperature for each steel type shall be increased by 10°C above the value given in Table 5. For category 3 members, Table 5 shall be used without modification. ‘Achicving Simic Performance in Stoel Connections Page a6 of 243RSS FTE RE GOT STATS ol pe TTT Parnzablaserce tamper °C) ase) eee ‘Taeknoss (am) os 0 n 2 #© 9 © 3 | 0. 4 10. @ Ts 3 | @ 6 | ~0 = 7 7” | 0 a 7a | I e rte Spector (a) Blois ofa nba snmsn corpora bj tote res and (0) Ftcerensens ne tnge ices bing ed rte Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Structural steels @ Welding materials - « strength = notch toughness « diffusible hydrogen Q Heat input testing and WPS limits Q FCAW filler metal exposure Q Intermixed filler metals Actiaving Selemie Performance in Stel Connections Page 96 of 2433.2.3 Welding Welding and welding consumables shall comply with AS/NZS 1554.1 or AS/NZS 1554.5 as appropriate and welding of studs shall comply with AS/NZS 1554.; 3.2.3.2 Welding consumables for earthquake resisting structures For welds subject to earthquake loads or effects, the following shall apply: (a) The welding consumables shall have a Ships’ Classification Societies Grade 3 approval as shown in Table 4.6.1(A) of AS/NZS 1554,1:2004, as required for Steel Type 2S for Grade 300 steel, Steel Type 5S for Grade 350 steel and Steel Type 7C for Grade 450 steel; (b) The heat input in a run of deposited weld metal shall not exceed|2.5 kJ/mm_ } Achieving Seismic Performance in Stoel Connections Page 87 of 243TABLE 46.4) ‘Sirti eee wang Part: Walting of stan structures PREQUALIFIED WELDING CONSUMABLES. (See Notes below) 1 ]2]3 ‘ steers aE eee 3 10 ro] Stmmereetuvored| Gos wears [as ungste-are| Ship elasifeaton settee sate] RESIS |e tessy| stn | AHP | AHIR NED snpeoval terrane 8, wors “Ti Grade +6148) si Lassi ass 7 ra 10) Joss} onan | Castle | Caasstention | Ctassifeation | "Grate PC two-run an ‘ston cation | ea crate | wean) Mean > [ea] 2 | weesy | wooex | woos = om | ot | ame rae vwssy | woosxx 3 : 7 su | a Sac (Ger toe Part 1: Welding of steel structures| et [ee | ome | ‘Actioving Seismic Performance in Stee! Comectons Page 88 of 223AISC Seismic 1997 AWS AS Classification 20 ft-lbs @ -20°F [27 J @ -29°C] FEMA 353 AWS AS Classification 20 ft-lbs @ 0°F [27 J @ -18°C] FEMA Heat Input Qualification (WPS) Test 40 ft-lbs @ +70°F [54 J @ +21°C] or at 20°F [11°C] above the Lowest Anticipated Service Temperature for cold exposure FEMA 353 - 2.4.1.1, Appendix A ‘Achieving Seiamis Perlormanca in Steal Comnoctons Page 80 of 243“Test Temperature (°C) 0 a 0 100 g ack Bae) 200 a aaa VN Impact Energy (i) ‘CVN impact Energy (fest) Jo 100-50 0 80 100 180 200 250 ‘Test Temperature (°F) Figure 2-1 CVN Impact Toughness Measured in E70TG-K2 Weld Metal Deposited in the ‘UM Full-Scale Beam-to-Columin Welds and in Follow-On Testing at EWI FEMA 355B - Chapter 2 “Test Temperature (“G) 10 22 ° 50100 aT = = WrAgorp me 150 aaa B tool | > ede ce s ge 10 2 & eo Z % 3 40 = £ 7 ee g 2 i 3 oe 72 }g -100 60 0 50 100 150 200 250 Test Temperature (*F) Figure 2-3 CVN Impact Toughness Measured in Full-Scale E701-6 Welds Deposited in Full-Scale Connections Evaluated at UTA/UTAM and in Welds Doposited at EWL FEMA 355B - Chapter 2 Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Comectons Page 90 of 243AISC Seismic 2002 AWS AS Classification 20 ft-lbs at -20°F [27 J @ -29°C] AISC Seismic Appendix X 40 ft-lbs at +70°F [54 J @ +21°C] CJP Groove Welds in SMF and IMF = Welds of beam flanges to columns = Welds of shear tabs and beam webs to columns = Column splices AISC 341-02 - 7.3 & b Demand Critical Welds Demand Critical welds are designed based on expected yield level or higher stress demand(onare those joints the failure of which would result in © ~%. oe significant degradation in the strength and stiffness of oe the SFRS. AWS D1.8 - C-3.2 Achieving Seisnis Performance in Steel Connections, Page 1 of 243AISC Seismic 2005 SLRS AWS AS5 Classification 20 ft-lbs @ O°F [27 J @ -18°C] Demand Critical AWS AS Classification 20 ft-lbs @ -20°F [27 J @ -29°C] AISC Seismic, Appendix X 40 ftlbs @ +70°F [54 J @ +21°C] AISC 341-05 -7.3a & b AISC Seismic 2005 Demand Critical" = CJP groove welds of beam flanges to columns (all Moment Frames) = CJP groove welds of shear tabs and beam webs to columns (all Moment Frames) ™ CJP groove welds in column splices in SMF and IMF, including column bases AISC 341-05 - 7.3b, 9.2c, 10.2c, 11.2¢ ‘Achieving Selsmi Performance in Stoo! Camectons Page 92 of 243AISC Seismic 2005 Beem Sracad Frame = CJP groove welds in EBF Link-to-Column connections = CJP groove welds joining web plate to flange plate in built-up EBF Link « CJP groove welds in column splices in EBF, including column bases AISC 341-05 - 7.3b, 15.10 AISC Seismic 2005 STMF - none SCBF - none OCBF - none BRBF - none SPSW - none AISC 341-05 Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 63 of 243ISC 341-10)Demand Critical Welds E. MOMENT-FRAME SYSTEMS E1. Ordinary Moment Frames (OMF) E1.6a E2. Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF) E2.6a E3. Special Moment Frames (SMF) E3.6a E4. Special Truss Moment Frames (STMF) E4,6a ES, Ordinary Cantilever Column Systems (OCCS) E5.6a E6, Special Cantilever Column Systems (SCCS) E6.6a yes yes yes yes none yes AISC 341-10 Demand Critical Welds F. BRACED-FRAME AND SHEAR-WALL SYSTEMS F4. Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (OCBF) Fie F2, Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF) F2.6a F3. Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) F3.6a F4, Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF) F4.6a F5. Special Plate Shear Walls (SPSW) F5.6a Aehleving Selsmic Performance in Steel Comectons Page 4 of 243AISC 341-10 Demand Critical Welds G. COMPOSITE MOMENT FRAME SYSTEMS G1. Composite Ordinary Moment Frames (C-OMF) G1.6a none G2. Composite Intermediate Moment Frames (C-IMF) G2.6a_ none G3. Composite Special Moment Frames (C-SMF) G3.6a_yes G4. Composite Part. Restrained Moment Frames (CPRMF) G4.6a yes AISC 341-10 Demand Critical Welds H, COMPOSITE BRACED FRAME AND SHEAR WALL SYSTEMS. H1. Composite Ordinary Braced Frames (C-OBF) H1.6a_ none H2. Composite Special Conc. Braced Frames (C-SCBF) —-H2.6a_ yes H3, Composite Eccentrically Braced Frames (C-EBF) H36 F3.6 H4, Composite Ordinary Shear Walls (C-OSW) H4.6a_none H5, Composite Special Shear Walls (C-SSW) H5.6a_ yes H6. Composite Plate Shear Walls (C-PSW) H6.6a_ yes ‘Achieving Seis Performance in tee! Connections Pogo 95 of 243Did ath DIT AWSD1.8:2008 . ......... }&—-< ~~ AWS D1.8:2009 coer SLRS a re AWS AS Classification -1te 20 ft-lbs @ O°F [27 J @ 78°C] Demand Critical Ss AWS AS Classificatio! 20 ftlbs @ 0°F er J @-18°C] AWS D1.8, Annex A 40 ft-lbs @ +70°F [54 J @ +21°C] AWS D1.8:2005 - Tables 6.1 and 6.2 AWS D1.8:2009 - Tables 6.1 and 6.2 Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Structural steels Q Welding materials - = strength = notch toughness. = diffusible hydrogen @ Heat input testing and WPS limits Q FCAW filler metal exposure Q Intermixed filler metals ‘Actieving Seismic Performance in Steel Comectons Page 96 of 243Filler Metal Notch Toughness Weld Metal / WPS Qualification Test Type Heat Input Preheat Interpass Low 30 kJ/in. 70°F 200°F High 80 kJ/in. 300°F 500°F ‘Type Heat Input Preheat Interpass Low 1.2 kJ/mm 40°C 120°C i * High 3.1 kd/ mm. 120°C 240°C Exceptions: AWS D1.8 AWS AS.1 -- E7018, £7018-X (£49018, E49018-X) AWS A5.5 -- E7018-C3L, E8018-C3 (E49018-C3L, E56018-C3) See eaeneeates AWS D1.8:2005 - Annex A AWS D1.8:2009 - Annex A loo Wheat Rasher baal transfer, lover duckility lover Filler Metal Toughness Effects of Heat Input Lower Higher ® higher strength " lower strength = lower ductility « higher ductility = lower toughness = higher toughness (within reasonable limits) ‘Achieving Ssismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 97 of 243Filler Metal Toughness Voltage * Current * 60 Travel Speed * 1000 Heat Input = 27 V * 350 A* 60 300 mm / min * 1000 1.9 kJ /mm Filler Metal Toughness Alternate to Production Lot Testing (1) American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) (2) Lloyds Register of Shipping (3) American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) (4) US Department of Defense (5) aquality assurance program acceptable to the EOR Y initially, minimum of 3 production lots of material Y then, at least every three years on a random production lot AISC 341-05 - X14 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8:2009 - 6.3.8.1 ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 98 of 243Filler Metal Toughness Exception AWS A5.20 / A5.20M : 2005 Carbon Steel Electrodes for FCAW Supplemental Designator "D" EXXT-XX-JDH# Wire Diameter Low Heat Input High Heat Input < 3/32" [2.4 mm] 30 kJ/in [1.2 kJ/mm] 80 kJ/in [3.1 kJ/mm] > 3/32" [2.4 mm] 40 kJ/in [1.6 kJ/mm] 80 kJlin [3.1 kJ/mm] F Lager clamber bugher Lees heat inp AWS D1.8 - 6.1.3 FCAW -S Lincoln Electric AWS Class | TradeName | AWSAS | Diam haut CVN (avg) Innershield 20 @ -20F » {37 | 15 | 41 @70F eae NR-305 z@200| *" Fert o6 | st@ mF 28 | 1.1 | 83 @70F 068" e EvITS Innershield | 20 @ -20F 78 | 31 | 82@70F NR-232 | 27) @-29 29 | 11 | 76 @70F 0.072" 61 | 24 | 83 @70F i Innershield 20 @ -20F » | 46 | 18 | 76 @70F a NRotiNi [27 @-290] 22" [e532 |r @70F ftlb"1.35 @ +216 http:/Avww.lincolnelectric.com Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 89 of 248FCAW -S Lincoln Electric AWS Class | Trade Name | AWS AS Diam input CVN (avg) 33 | 13 56 @ 70F ane" e ETITS Innershield | 20 @-20F 73 | 29 59 @ 70F NR-233 | 27) @-28C at | 12 72 @ 70F, 0.072" 7 | 22 66 @70F ftlb*1.35 @ +21C "Approximate Equivalents for "Approximate Equivalents for Standard AWS Electrode Diameters Standard AWS Electrode Diameters 554 (078), 392 (094), 7164 (400) 120 510 (425) 5162 156) 6 (186) : 7132 (219) 16 (082), = (098 : "va (250) 72 613s ‘Actieving Seismic Performance n Steel Comections Page 100 of 243,FEMA 353 AWS AS Classification 20 ft-lbs @ O°F [27 J @ -18°C] FEMA Heat Input Qualification (WPS) Test 40 ft-lbs @ +70°F [54 J @ +21°C] or at 20°F [11°C] above the Lowest Anticipated Service Temperature for cold exposure FEMA 353 - 2.4.1.1, Appendix A HAZ Toughness fe At Reger on inet Mo Neguanemen Tt for testin Heat APR ched Zones. FEMA 355B - Chapter 4 Page 101 of 243 ‘Achieving Seiomic Perormance in Steal ConnctonsWelding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Structural steels Q Welding materials - = strength = notch toughness = diffusible hydrogen Q Heat input testing and WPS limits @ FCAW filler metal exposure Q Intermixed filler metals Filler Metal Diffusible Hydrogen Hydrogen Causes All Welds Croke + H16 16 mL (or lower) diffusible hydrogen per 100 g deposited weld metal > "H16" designator may not always be used > rely upon manufacturer certification AWS D1.8 GMAW solid electrodes, EGW Exceptions — SMAWEXX15, EXX16, EXXX6 (moisture content testing) FCAWA6.20 Section 16, A5.29 Section 15 testing AISC 341-05 - W5.2 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8:2009 - 6.3.2, Table 6.3 -Achiaving Selsme Pecformanca in Stel Connections Page 102 of 249,Filler Metal Diffusible Hydrogen FCAW-S Classification Trade Name Typical Hd E70T-6 Innershield NR-305 7.3 E70T7-K2 Innershield NR-311Ni 6.7 E71T-8 Innershield NR-232 7.7, 8.8 E71T-8 Fabshield 7018 H8 £71T8-K6 Fabshield 3Ni1 <6 E71T-1, E71T-9 Outershield XLH70 H4 E71T-1, E71T-9 Outershield Elite 71 <10 FCAW Wire Packaging, Storage and Exposure Demand Critical H16 AISC 341-05 - W6.2 & W6.3 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8: 2009 - 6.4 Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Comectons Page 108 0243,FCAW Wire Packaging, Storage and Exposure Diffusible Hydrogen WB As received a 3 week 80% RH @ 80°F (27°C) € 3 1 month laboratory exposure 3 D H16 8 = af 5 tT H8 a Z U H4 E71T-8 E70TG-K2 E70T-6 FEMA 355B - Chapter 5 FCAW Wire Packaging, Storage and Exposure Electrodes shall be provided in packaging that limits the ability of the electrode to absorb moisture. When removed from the packaging, the electrode shall be capable of depositing weld metal with a maximum diffusible hydrogen content not to exceed the limits of 6.3.2. Electrode from packaging that has been punctured or torn shall be dried in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, or shall not be used for demand critical welds. Modification or lubrication of the electrode after manufacture is prohibited, except that drying is permitted as recommended by the manufacturer. AISC 341-05 - W6.2 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8:2009 - 6.4.1 ‘Achieving Seismic Perfomance in Steel Connections Page 104 of 243,FCAW Wire Storage and Exposure Manufacturer’s Recommendations = Fixed exposure period = Varying exposure based upon temperature and humidity = May use heated storage = May permit baking AISC 341-05 - W6.3 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8:2005 - 6.4.3, Annex D AWS D1.8:2009 - 6.4.3, Annex E FCAW Wire Storage and Exposure Manufacturer's Recommendations ESAB Coreshield 6 5/64, 3/32 90 days Coreshield 8 1/16, 0.072, 5/64 90 days Dualshield R-70 Ultra 1/16, 5/64, 3/32 5 days Dualshield R-70H 3/32 90 days Dualshield {| 70T-12H4 0.045, 1/16 5 days Dualshield Il 80Ni1-H4 0.045, 1/16 5 days [Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 105 of 243FCAW Wire Storage and Exposure Manufacturer's Recommendations Lincoln Electric Innershield NR-232 0.068, 0.072, 5/64 1 week Innershield NR-305 3/32 1 week Innershield NR-550-H 5/64 8 weeks Outershield 71 Elite 0.045 4 weeks Outershield 71 Elite 0.052, 1/16 8 weeks Outershield XLH70 3/32 8 weeks Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Structural steels Q Welding materials - = strength = notch toughness = diffusible hydrogen Q Heat input testing and WPS limits Q FCAW filler metal exposure @ Intermixed filler metals ‘Actieving Seismic Performance n Stel Comectons Page 108 of 243,Intermixed Filler Metal Toughness "all" FCAW-S Notch tough . ness concern AISC 341-05 - W5.1 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8:2005 - Annex B AWS D1.8:2009 - Annex B Intermixed Filler Metal Toughness AISC 341-05 - W5.1 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8:2005 - Annex B AWS D1.8:2009 - Annex B Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 107 of 243Intermixed Filler Metal Toughness Test Specimen 12 SL ae 18 mm! _| 5/8" [16 mm] AWS D1.8:2005 - Annex B AWS D1.8:2009 - Annex B Intermixed Filler Metal Toughness Root Fill Electrode Electrode [£7018 | Ev0T-1 | ER70S-6 | E718 | E7oT-6 | E70TG-K2 E70T-6 B E DIE A = = EMTS B E D = A A E70TG-K2 B E DIE A = = E70T-4 cD E E 8 = : E70T-7 cD E E B - - Ev0T-1 - - = A c D E7018 : - - A A D FEMA 355B - Table 3-2 ‘Actieving Selsmic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 108 of 243,Root? Substrate =u FoAW-S | FCAWS | FOAMS | SMAW | GMAW | SAW | Other TNS Cassifcaton| x x x x x x Manufachrer x x X x [_X anufacure Brand ‘and Trade Name x x 7 x | x Diameter x x x xx Root / Substrate Fill FAVS [ FOAWS | sMaAW | GMAW [SAW | Omer |_FCAWS AWS Cassicaton x x x x [x x Manufacurer x x x [x xX Manufacirer Brand and Trede Name x x ae ee x Diameter x AWS D1.8:2005 - 6.3.4 AWS D1.8:2009 - 6.3.4 Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Structural steels Q Welding materials - = strength = notch toughness " diffusible hydrogen Q Heat input testing and WPS limits Q FCAW filler metal exposure Q Intermixed filler metals ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 109 of 243Bolting Materials A325 High-Strength Bolts F1852 High-Strength Twist-Off Bolts A490 High-Strength Bolts F2280 High-Strength Twist-Off Bolts A563 Nuts A194 Nuts F436 Washers F959 Direct Tension Indicators 2.3 Fasteners 2.3.1 Steel bolts, nuts, and washers Steel bolts, nuts, and washers shall comply with the following Standards, as appropriate: (a) AS 1110; (b) AS 1111; (c) AS 1112:Part 1; (d) AS/NZS 1252; and (e) AS/NZS 1559. ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stel Comections Page 110 of 2432.3.2 Equivalent high strength fasteners The use of other high strength fasteners having special features in lieu of bolts to AS/NZS 1252 shall be permitted, provided that the Design Engineer provides evidence of their design equivalence to high strength bolts that comply with AS/NZS 1252 and are installed in accordance with this Standard. Equivalent fasteners shall meet the following requirements: 2.3.2 Equivalent high strength fasteners Equivalent fasteners shall meet the following requirements: (a) The mechanical properties of equivalent fasteners shall comply with 4.2.4.1.1; (b) The body diameter, head or nut bearing areas, or their equivalents, of equivalent fasteners shall not be less than those provided by a bolt and nut complying with ASINZS 4252 of the same nominal dimensions. Equivalent fasteners may differ in other dimensions from those specified in AS/NZS 1252; and (c) The method of tensioning and the inspection procedure for equivalent fasteners may differ in detail from those specified in 4.2.6 and 8.2 respectively, provided that the minimum fastener tension is not less than the minimum bolt tension specified in Table 12 and that the tensioning procedure is able to be checked. ‘Achieving Seismic Performan in Stool Connections Paget of 243Table 12 — Mit class 8.8 bolts to AS/NZS 1252 imum bolt tension for specialist property Nominal diameter of bolt Minimum bolt tension (kN) MIG 95 M20 ete ne 145 M22 180 z M24 210 M30 335 M36 490 NOTE — The minimum bolt tensions given are approximately equivalent to the minimum proof lcads given in ASINZS 1252, Table 13 - Nut rotation from the snug-tight condition Baton undose ‘Bipestan of acta fave fbatea pane ethancto wn of Senne eve Nae 2,3 and) _| sors | ‘tsing «tum ‘atm perecrg sees eet) L Bath es coped (©) Teleco tr: # hl ane es, neh of an (07 and ue ‘ratoorstvoths toner ane corsa n(n ander er 2) Torte osin ater ih he aot ean pan Tal 3 oe elt (6) Ntraaanteretaon at regener fhe conpoe rd (0) Nutra pated ny applabietacredens inv a marl wn he gp (©) No ron has ben pried tomato be motes pais fr bal ange Erase nein nee ees ic ses cto oe ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Comacions Page 112 0124342.6.3 Tensioning by use offdirectfension indication devied| | Tensioning of bolts using a direct-tension indication device shall be in accordance with the following procedure: (a) The suitability of the device shall be demonstrated by calibration testing of a representative sample of not less than three bolts for each diameter and class of bolt in a calibration device capable of showing bolt tension. The calibration test shall demonstrate that the device shows a tension not less than 1.05 times the minimum bolt tension specified in Table 12; (b) On assembly, all bolts and nuts in the connection shall be first tightened to a snug-tight condition defined in 4.2.6.2(a); and (c) After completing snug-tightening, the bolt shall be tensioned to provide the minimum bolt tension specified in 4.2.6.1.2. This shall be shown by the tension indication device. NOTE — Tensioning of bolts using a direct-tension indication device should also be in accordance with the manufacturer's specification. Squirter ® -ehievng Seismic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 113 of243,F1852 (F2280) “Twist-off’ Type Tension Control Structural Bolt / Nut / Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat-Treated, 120 / 105 (150) ksi Minimum Tension Strength iE a? Achiavng Seismic Perfomance in Steel Connections Page 114 of 243Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Weld backing, tabs and added fillet welds Q Weld access holes Q Welding sequence Welding personnel Q Continuity plates and doubler plates Q Reduced beam sections Q Protected zones Q Preheat and interpass temperatures Q Wind speeds AISC 341-10 |. FABRICATION AND ERECTION 12. Fabrication and Erection 1. Protected Zone 2. Bolted Joints 3. Welded Joints 4. Continuity Plates and Stiffeners Achieving Solsmie Performance in Steel Connections Page 118 of 243AWS D1.8 - Seismic Supplement 6. 61 6.2 Fabrication Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) Welding Processes Filler and Weld Metal FCAW Electrode Packaging, Storage, and Exposure Maximum interpass Temperature Tack Welds to Stee! Backing in the Protected Zone Removal of Backing and Weld Root Treatment Reinforcing Fillet Welds at Removed Weld Backing Locations Fillet Welds at Left-in-Place Stee! Backing Weld Access Holes Weld Tabs End Dams Welder Identification Bottom Flange Welding Sequence Protected Zone Tack Welding Requirements Actieving Seismic Performance in Steel Comoctons Page 116 of 243Backing Weld Tabs Tack Welds - Backing and Weld Tabs Tack welds attaching backing and weld tabs shall be placed where they will be incorporated into a final weld. ‘AWS 6.16.2 Placement of Tack Welds. In the Protected Zone, uniess specifically AISC 341-05 - W6.4 required or permitted by the Engineer and shown on detail drawings, tack welds shall AISC 341-10 - deleted be prohibited outside the wela joint. AWS D1.8 - 6.16 Achieving Seismic Performance in Steet Comections Page 117 of 243Weld Tabs Improper tack welds AISC 341-05 - W6.4 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8 - 6.16 Backing - Bottom Flange Remove backing Backgouge Add backweld add 5/16" [8 mm] (+) reinforcing fillet AISC 358 - 3.3.2 AISG 341-05 - 9.2(b), 10.2(b), 11.2(a)1 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8 -6.7 & 6.8 -Actieving Seismic Performance in Steel Comections Page 118 f 243Backing - Bottom Flange Nonfusible Backing Remove backing Backgouge ‘Add backweld Add 5/16" [8 mm] (+) reinforcing fillet AISC 358 - 3.3.2 AISC 341-05 - 9.2(b), 10.2(b), 11.2(a)1 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8 - 6.7 & 6.8 Backing - Bottom Flange Remove backing Backgouge Add backweld Add 5/16" [8 mm] reinforcing fillet AISC 358 - 3.3.2 AISC 341-05 - 9.2(b), 10.2(b), 11.2(a)1 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.6 - 6.7 & 6.8 Achieving Seismic Peformance in Steel Connections Page 110 of 243Reinforcing Fillet at Top Flange Backing AISC 358 - 3.3.3 AISC 341-05 - 9.2(b), 10.2(b), 11.2(a)1 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8 -6.9 Weld Tabs > 1 [25 mm] AISC 358 - 3.3.2 AISC 341-05 - 9.2(b), 10.2(b), 11.2(a)1, W5.5 AISC 341-10 - 12.3 AWS D1.8:2005 - 6.10, AWS D1.8:2009 - 6.11 Acleving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 120 of 243,Weld Tab Removal and Fi ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Steet Connections Pogo 121 of 243Weld Tab Removal and Finish nace efable Weld Tab Removal and Finish flush Cut to within 46°C " [6 mm] for continuity plates) Max surface roughness 500 microinches [13 micron] Flush finish not required No gouges or notches Contoured transition, but no minimum radius Tots materia) bo ke removed AISC 358 - 3.4 Co AISC 341-05 - 11.2a(1)(ii), W5.5 mpiskely AISC 341-10 - 12.3 AWS D1.8:2005 - 6.10, AWS D1.8:2009 - 6.11 ‘Actleving Selsmic Performance in Steal Connactons Page 122 01243Weld Tab Removal and Finish Beam flange (top view) Finish line AISC 358 - 3.3.2 AISC 341-05 - 9.2(b), 10.2(b), 11.2(a)1, W5.5 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8:2005 - 6.10, AWS D1.8:2009 - 6.11 Cree SURFACE ROUEINIESS Gone FoR Weld Tab Removal and Finish AWS C4.1-77 Surface Roughness Guide microinches micron 4000 | 2000 100 50 Achieving Seismic Peformance in Steel Connections Page 123 of 249Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Weld backing, tabs and added fillet welds @ Weld access holes Q Welding sequence Q Welding personnel Q Continuity plates and doubler plates Q Reduced beam sections Q Protected zones Q Preheat and interpass temperatures Q Wind speeds Es, 20mm RADIUS Cone | (o) Ll () - . AR te) Ne ‘STAND/ MANUAL OF yARD. CONNECTION DETAILS FOR STRUCTURAL STEELWORK ‘SecOND EDITION Mo EF sufficed For Seismic ‘Achieving Seismic Perfocmancein Steel Conectons Purpos Page 124 of243Old Details Weld Access Holes Weld Access Holes AISC = 1-1/2 ty/ty >1"/ 3/4", #2" [225 mm/18 mm, radius > 3/8" [10 mm] Rolled Shape or Groove Welded Shape A!SC 360-05 - Fig. C-J1.2 AISC 360-10 - Fig. C-J1.2 hi ding fl te b access hole made after welding flange to we pier es Non-Sesmic, apphicotion. ‘Achieving Ssiamic Performance in Steal Connections Page 125 of 243Weld Access Holes Bottom Flange Weld Access Holes Bity (41- 122" [12 mm] ) radius > 3/8" [10 mm] 5) 3/4 ty, 3/4" [18 mn min (+/- 1/4" [6 mm} ) 500 microinches [13 micron] Not > 25° Larger of t,, or 1/2" [12 mm] AISC 341-10 - deleted (+412 ty, = 1/4 ty) AWS D1.8 - Figure 6.2 Seismic aceass heko Gor tee Used Por RES but nok reeclodl., ‘Actioving Selsmic Performance in Steel Connections Page 128 of 243Weld Access Holes Top Flange Larger of ty, or 1/2" [12 mm] (+ 1/2 tye, - 1/4 tyr) Not > 25° 500 microinches [13 micron] —~ 3 ty (H- 4" [12 mm] ) : AISC 341-05 - Figure 11-1 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8 - Figure 6.2 Sehamic Weld Access Holes Not good Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections Page 127 of 243Weld Access Holes feld access holes Weld access holes shall have a length from the toe of the weld preparation not less than 1.5 times the thickness of the material in which the hole is made. The height of the access hole shall be not less than 1.5 times the thickness of the material, and not less than 25 mm nor greater than 50 mm. Cut surfaces of the access hole shall comply with 3.2.2.4. No arc of the weld access hole shall have a radius less than 10 mm. Weld access holes in sections with elements thicker than 50 mm shall be ground to bright metal and inspected for cracks by either magnetic particle or dye penetrant methods. ‘Achieving Selemic Performance in Steel Comactons Page 128 01243,Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Weld backing, tabs and added fillet welds Q Weld access holes @ Welding sequence @ Welding personnel Q Continuity plates and doubler plates Q Reduced beam sections Q Protected zones Q Preheat and interpass temperatures Q Wind speeds Bottom Flange Welding Sequence Side. AISC 341-05 - W5.6 AISC 341-10 - deleted AWS D1.8 - 6.14 Achieving Seismic Peformance in Steel Connections Page 129 01243,Welder Qualifications ae Welder Qualifications + Process + Electrode designation (SMAW) + Position + Omission of backing in CUP joint + Change in base metal thickness beyond limits AWS D1.1 - Clause 4, Part C ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stee! Comectons Page 130 0243Welders & Welding Operators Period of Effectiveness remains in effect indefinitely unless: * welder not engaged in process for over 6 months * some specific reason to question welder's ability AWS D1.1 - 4.1.3.4 Welder Quali ation Test sents max] S65 mm) hin ieee ‘raekwEss ‘coun PLATE ATACHMENT PLATE —, ea ysomn) aay, eneseant tan Welder not permitted to reach over beam web to weld opposite sie Jenin [nj Ma 50. (ein 2s mn) Le aweenae in 60 e00) wen ano SOLLN ae) apie tome) tae RO 20 my a 125m) PLATE im AWS D1.8:2005 - Annex C AWS D1.9:2009 - Annex D ‘Achieving Seismic Perfrmanca in tool Connections Page 131 of 243,Welder Qualification Test + Beam Bottom Flange to Column Only + Three year duration * Qualify at highest deposition rate + Maximum root opening (non-steel backing) AWS D1.8:2005 - Annex C AWS D1.8:2009 - Annex D Bolting Installer Qualification Basic knowledge Q Bolt and nut grade identification Q Bolt length measurement Q Required lubrication conditions Q Use of field bolt lists Q Assessment of snug tight condition C1 Proper technique - selected pretensioning method turn-of-nut twist-off bolt direct tension indicator calibrated wrench FEMA 353 - QA 6.5, Figure 6-2 ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stool Comectons Page 132 01243Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices O Weld backing, tabs and added fillet welds Q Weld access holes QO Welding sequence Q Welding personnel @ Continuity plates and doubler plates Q Reduced beam sections Q Protected zones Q Preheat and interpass temperatures Q Wind speeds Continuity Plates CJP groove welds AISC 341-05 -7.5 AISG 341-10 - see system ‘Achieving Seismic Perfrmanca in Stoo! Connections Page 133 of 263Continuity Plates - OMF ... welded joints ... = CJP groove welds = two-sided PJP groove welds combined with reinforcing fillet welds = two-sided fillet welds AISC 341-05 - 11.5, AISC 341-10 - E1.6b(c)(4) Continuity Plates - OMF L fillet weld detail AISC 341-05 - 11.5, AISC 341-10 - E1.6b(c)(5) ‘Achieving Seismic Performance n Steel Connections Page 134 0243Continuity Plates - OMF One-sided connections = 1/2 thickest beam flange Two-sided connections = thickest beam flange AISC 341-05 - 11.5 AISC 341-10 - E3.6f(2)(a) Continuity Plates Minimum width Preferred width AISC 341-05 - 11.5 AISC 360-10 - J10 ‘Achieving Seismic Perfrmanca in Stool Connections. Page 135 of 243Continuity Plates - radiused k + 4-1/2" [38 mm] min k, + 4/2" [12 mm] max radius 1/2" [12 mm] minimum AISC 341-05 -7.5 AISC 341-10 - 12.4 AWS D1.8 -4.1 Continuity Plates - clipped — k + 1-4/2" [38 mm] min k, + 1/2" [12 mm] max AISC 341-05 -7.5 AISC 341-10 - 12.4 AWS D1.8 - 4.1 Achieving Seismic Performance in Stel Comections Page 135 of 243,3.2.3.4 Welding of continuity stiffeners in earthquake resisting te Corners of continuity stiffener plates placed in the webs of rolled sections with elements greater than 32 mm thick shall be clipped to avoid the k-areas (see Figure 2) as follows. Along the web, the clip shall extend a distance of 35 mm beyond the tangent of the web-to-flange radius. Along the fiange, the clip shall extend 12 mm beyond the tangent of the web-to- flange radius. The welds to the continuity stiffener shall be terminated 5 mm back from the clipped comers. ro Sm weld hold back, ypleat Contioty ‘siflenere >t mm tick Section dus ‘column ‘ess ection areas Figure 2 Welding of continuity stifeners in seismic mombers Achieving Ssiamic Performance in Stee! Connections Page 157 of2433.2.3.4 The provisions are intended to avoid welding in the k-area and terminations in the section radii of hot rolled sections in highly restrained joints. This includes continuity plates in columns at moment connections and stiffeners in link beams. Where welding in the k-area cannot be avoided or has been done in error then it is recommended that the area is checked for postweld cracking using MT or LP inspection. This is not intended to prevent welding of thin plates with small weld sizes near the k-area or in sections with thin flanges (refer to ANSI/AISC 341). A limit is placed on welding consumables in joints subject to earthquake effects of 47J @ 0°C, by specifying a Ships’ Classification Societies Grade 3 approval. k-Area AISC Advisory Statement on Mechanical Properties near the Fillet of Wide Flange Shapes and Interim Recommendations k-area January 10, 1997 *|_ =e ‘Activin Selemie Performance in Stel Comections Page 138 of 243 AISC 360 - Comm J10.8k-Area [Achieving Seismic Pertommanco in Sool Connections Page 139 of 243k-Area MT web within 3" [75 mm] of welds AISC 341-05 - Q5.2(2)(a) 1 AISC 341-10 - J6.2a Panel Zone / Doubler Plates - SMF Doubler plates shall be welded to the column flanges using either a CJP groove-welded or fillet-welded joint that develops the available shear strength of the full doubler plate thickness. AISC 341-05 - 9.3¢ AISC 341-10 - E3.6e(3) Achieving Seismic Performance in Stoel Connections Pago 140 of 243Panel Zone / Doubler Plates - IMF & OMF No additional requirements beyond the Specification. AISC 341-05 - 10.3 - IMF AISC 341-05 - 11.3 - OMF AISC 341-10 - see AISC 360 J10.6 Doubler Plates CUP AISC 341-05 - Figure C-I-9.3 AIS 341-10 - Figure C-E3.3 Achieving Seismic Performance in Steel Connections. Poge 141 of 243Doubler Plates Doubler Plates Develop the shear strength of the full doubler plate thickness AISC 341-05 - Figure C-I-9.3 AISC 341-10 - Figure C-E3.3 -Achloving Selemie Pertormance in Stes! Connections Page 142 of 243Doubler Plates CUP. AISC 341-05 - Figure C-I-9.3 AISC 341-10 - Figure C-E3.3 Doubler Plates Develop the pri ‘oportion of the total force that is delivered to the doubler plate ] AISC 341-05 - 9.3¢ % £ & € ‘ AISC 341-10 - E3.6e(3)(d) 4 & g a eaiecoerbeat ease SeaterQ Weld backing, tabs and added fillet welds Q Weld access holes QO Welding sequence Q Welding personnel Q Continuity plates and doubler plates @ Reduced beam sections Q Protected zones Q Preheat and interpass temperatures QO Wind speeds Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Reduced Beam Sections Top Flange Supplement No.1 "ANSUAISC 356.0 ‘Steel Moment Frame Seismic Applleatind AISC 358 - 5.7 ‘Achieving Seismic Performance in Stel Conections Page 144 0f243Reduced Beam Sections Reduced Beam Sections ANSUAISC 358.05 ‘else Appilationy 500 microinch [13 micron] “break” corners WE _ / AISC 358 - 5.7 ‘Acheving Seis Performance in Steel Connections Page 145 0243,Reduced Beam Sections Cie Recta AWS C4.1-77 Surface Roughness Guide microinches micron 4000 2000 100 50 1000 500 25 13 Reduced Beam Sections ‘Achieving Selsmic Performance in Steel Comections Page 148 of 243Reduced Beam Sections SRNUAISC ea Re | 5 x depthP?" Of Gouges an aN Smelt licks Ta 5 = ee MT if sharp oe [6 mm] max depth AISC 358 - 5.7 Reduced Beam Sections versie Prequil Comat Welded Repair of Deep Gouges ‘el foment an Seo appa For notches over 1/4" [6 mm] in depth ma Not to exceed 1/2" [12 mm] in depth = Remove by grinding « Provide smooth radius > 1/4" [6 mm] = Preheat to > 150°F [65°C] (or code minimum) at repair point = Weld with notch-tough electrode = Grind to 500 microinch [13 micron], meet RBS contour = MT upon completion AISC 356 - 5.7 ‘Achieving Seiamie Pecformance in Stool Connections Page 147 of 243,Reduced Beam Sections SIRBUAISC 38-09 for Span tne Cutting Tolerances +f 15% | +/- 1/4" [6 mm] AISC 358 - 5.7 Reduced Beam Sections Cutting Tolerances AISC 358 -5.7 Actieving Selamie Performance in Steel Connections Page 148 of 249,Welding materials, procedures, and construction practices Q Weld backing, tabs and added fillet welds Q Weld access holes Q Welding sequence Q Welding personnel O Continuity plates and doubler plates Oi Reduced beam sections @ Protected zones Q Preheat and interpass temperatures 1 Wind speeds HERA Report R4-76 Seismic Design Procedures for Steel Structures First Edition: May 1995 (updated) 8.4 Fabrication and erection Apart from the importance of the correct fabrication of the beam to column connection (see section 8.1) other requirements that apply generally to fabrication in yielding regions are given in Clause 12.14, NZS 3404 [1]. In areas specifically designated as yielding regions the following apply: > sheared edges are not permitted; steel may be sheared 3 mm oversize and the excess material removed by machining all fastener holes shall be punched 3 mm undersize and reamed to final size transitions of width are required to comply with Clause 12.14.4, NZS 3404 Transitions of thickness in yielding and non-yielding regions are required to comply with Clause 12.14.3, NZS 3404, Transitions in butt welds are required to comply will: Clause 9.7.2.6. VV Achieving Selemie Performence in Stoo! Connections Page 149 of 243,Plastic hinge I Z. Ayielded zone with significant inelastic moment or shear rotation which forms in a member when the plastic moment or shear strength is attained or exceeded. The member rotates as if hinged except that itis restrained by a moment or shear equal to or higher than the plastic moment or shear strength Yielding region |= ‘That length of a member which is intended to yield under earthquake loads or from the redistribution of design action effects or in which yield under earthquake loads or effects may occur. For the purposes of this part the yielding region shall be approximated as the region measured from the face of the supports to 1.5 x depth of member and shall also include all link zones of eccentrically braced frames, scalloped sections of reduced beam section connections, wall plates of steel shear walls, and the core and connections of buckling restrained braces ‘Achieving Selsmic Performance in Steol Connecons Page 150 of 2433.2.5 Holing 3.2.5.1 General 3. 6 All punched bolt holes in designated yielding regions of category 1, 2, and 3 members for seismic applications shall be punched 3 mm undersize and reamed to final size Protected Zone Repair of Discontinuities AISC 341-05 -7.4 AISC 341-10 - 12.1 AISC 358 - 2.6 ‘Achieving Selemio Performance in Stool Connections Page 151 of 243,Protected Zone Repair of Discontinuities Protected Zones Protected Zone A protected zone designated by these Provisions or ANSI/AISC 358 shall comply with the following requirements: (1) Within the protected zone, holes, tack welds, erection aids, air arc gouging and unspecified thermal cutting from fabrication or erection operations, shall be repaired as required by the engineer of record. AISC 341-10 - 12.1 ‘Achieving Setamic Pestormance in Steel Connections, Pago 152 0243,Protected Zone Aprotected zone designated by these Provisions or ANSI/AISC 358 shall comply with the following requirements (2) Steel headed stud anchors and decking attachments that penetrate the beam flange shall not be placed on beam flanges within the protected zone. Arc spot welds as required to secure decking shall be permitted. AISC 341-10 - 12.1 Protected Zone A protected zone designated by these Provisions or ANSI/AISC 358 shall comply with the following requirements: (3) Welded, bolted, screwed or shot-in attachments for perimeter edge angles, exterior facades, partitions, duct work, piping or other construction shall not be placed within the protected zone. Exception: Other attachments are permitted where designated or approved by the engineer of record. See Section D1.3. AISC 341-10 - 12.1 ‘Achieving Seismic Performanca in Stool Connections Page 183 of 243