VNMATH.

COM
TRNG THPT
CHUYN VNH PHC

THI HSG VNG DH&B BC B

LN TH 3
MN THI: TON LP 11
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht (khng k giao )

Cu 1 Gii phng trnh

(6

3 x )(19 x 5 x )(10 x 7 x ) + (15 x 8 x )(9 x 4 x )(5 x 2 x ) = 231x

Cu 2 Tm cc hm s f (1; + ) R tho mn
f ( x ) f ( y ) = ( y x ) f ( xy )x, y > 1, x y

Cu 3: Tm cc cp s nguyn t (p,q) tho mn

p2 + q2
pq 2

s nguyn
Cu 4: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Mt ng trn nm
trong hnh bnh hnh tip xc vi cc cnh AB,AD ln lt ti
M,N v ct ng cho BD ti E,F. Chng minh rng tn ti
mt ng trn tip xc vi cc ng thng BC v DC
ng thi ng trn i qua E v F
Cu 5: Tm k nguyn dng nh nht sao cho k s t nhin
bt k khng ln hn 50 lun tn ti 2 s nguyn dng
phn bit a, b v a2+b2 l s chnh phng.

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p n - thang im
Cu 1: (5,0 im)
Nhn xt1: Vi a > b > c > 1 th

a x b x
x x
a b

nu

x 0
x 0

Nhn xt 2: Hm s f ( x) = a x b x xc nh ng bin v lin tc

trn tp D= [0;+) do f ' ( x) = a x ln a b x ln b > 0 a 0 vi a>b>0 cho trc
Nhn xt 3: Tch hai hm s ng bin, nhn gi tr dng trn
tp D l hm ng bin tng hai hm s ng bin trn D l
hm s ng bin
p
dng
(+)
nu

)(

)(

) (

)(

)(

x 0 : VT = 6 x 3 x 19 x 5 x 10 x 7 x + 15 x 8 x 9 x 4 x 5 x 2 x 0

VP = 231x > 0 phng

trnh khng c

nghim dng
(+) vi x >0 chia 2 v phng trnh cho 231x =
(3.7.11)x c

(2

5 10
8 9
4 5
2
19
15
1 ( ) x ( ) x ( ) x 1 + ( ) x ( ) x ( ) x ( ) x ( ) x ( ) x = 1
11 7
11 7
7 3
3
11
11

T nhn xt (2) v nhn xt 3 hm s.

19 x 5 x 10 x
5 x 8 x 9 x 4 x 5 x 2 x
g ( x ) = 2 x 1 1 + = 1 T
11 11 7
11 11 7 7 3 3

nhn xt (2) v nhn xt (3) hm s

19 5
g ( x) = 2 x 1
11 11

x
x
x
x
x
x
10 x

1 + 5 8 9 4 5 2
7
11 11 7 7 3 3

l hm s ng bin trn

D = (0;+)

8 9 4 5 2
19 5 10
5
g (1) = ( 2 1) 1 +
11 11 7
11 11 7 7 3 3
14 3
7 5 3
1. . + . . = 1
11 7 11 7 3

v
=

phng trnh cho g(x)=g(1) x=1 l nghim duy nht

ca phng trnh
Cu 2: (4,0 im)
Tm cc hm s f ( 1;+) R tho mn
f ( x ) f ( y ) = ( y x) f ( xy )x, y >1; x y

Gii

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gt

f ( x) f ( y )
f ( x) f ( y )
= f ( xy )
= xy f ( xy )x y > 1
1 1
yx

x y

x, y , z >1

(*)

v x y z x

[ f ( x) f ( y ) ] + [ f ( y ) f ( z ) ] =

f ( x ) f ( z )]
( y x ) f ( xy ) + ( z y ) f ( yz ) = [ ( z y ) + ( y x)] f ( xz )

( z y )[ f ( yz ) f ( xz )] = ( y x)[ f ( xz ) f ( xy )]
f ( yz ) f ( xz )
f ( xz ) f ( xy )
f ( yz ) f ( xz )
f ( xz ) f ( xy )
=

=
1
1
1
1
y x
zy

yz xz
xz xy

t (*)

xyz 2 f ( xyz 2 ) = x 2 y z f ( x 2 yz )

Uf (u ) = vf (v) = a const f ( x) =

u = xyz 2
t
V = x 2 yz

u , v > 1 (u v )

a
x > 1
x

Cu 3: (3,0 im)
t

p2 + q2
= k ( k z + ) p 2 kqp + q 2 + 2k = 0
pq 2

(1)

Trong tt c cc s nguyn dng (p,q) tho mn (1) gi s

(po;qo) l cp s c po+qo b nht khng gim tng qut gi s
po qo
2
xt phng trnh p 2 kqo p + qo + 2k = 0 (2)
ta thy po l nghim ca (2) gi p1 l nghim cn li ca (2)
theo nh l vi t

po + p1 = kqo +
ta c:
P1 Z
2
Po.p1 = qo + 2k
( p1 ; qo ) cng

l nghim ca (1)

p1 po qo

t f(p)=p2-kqop+ qo + 2k t (*) f(qo) 0

2

2q 2 o kq 2 o + 2k 0 2q 2 o k (qo 2)
2

2q
4
k 2 o = 2+ 2
q o2
q o 2 (do

q 2 k 4

k=1 th (1)

p 2 pq + q 2 + 1 = 0

k=2 th (1)

p 2 2 pq + q 2 + 4 = 0

v nghim
v nghim

(*)

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k=3 th (1)
do p,q

p = q = 3

k=4 th (1)
p, q

p 3 pq + q + 6 = 0
2

( 3)

p 2 + q 2 3

thay vo (3) khng tho mn

p 2 4 pq + q 2 + 8 = 0 ( 4) p 2 + q 2 4

cng tnh vn l

nu p,q cng l p2+q2

vy p,q cng chn

2(mod 4) p 2 + q 2 4 loi

p=q=2

( do p, q )

vy (p,q) = (2;2)
Cu 4: (5,0 im)
Trn cc tia CB, CD ln lt ly cc im S,T sao cho BS = BM,
DT = DN

BS = BM = BEBF ( SEF)
2
DT = DN = DEDF ( TEF)
2

Nu ( SEF ) ( TEF ) th

tip xc BC ti F
tip xc DC ti T

c /( SEF ) = CS 2

c /( TEF ) = CT 2

CS = CB + BS = CB + BS = CB + BM = CB + AB AM
do
CT = CS (do AM = AN )
CT = CD + DT = CD + DN = CD + AD AN
c /( SEF ) = c /( TEF )

EF l trc ng phng ca 2 ng trn

( SEF ) ( TEF ) = EF
C EF

(v l) vy ( SEF ) ( TEF ) (pcm)

Cu 5: (4,0 im) Ta tm cc cp s Pitago (a,b) tho mn

1 a b 50

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(3;4), (6;8), (9;12), (12;16), (15;20), (18;24), (21;28), (24;32),
(27;36), (30;40), (33;44) (36;48) (5;12) (10;24) (15;36) (20;48)
(9;40) (8;15) (16;30) (24;45) (7;24) (14;48).
C 11 s m mi cp u cha t nht 1 trong cc s l
A ={4,8,12,20,24,36,40,44,48,28,16

C 11 b pitago di nhau l D =

{(3;4), (6;8), (5;12), (15;20), (21;28), (33;44), (9;40), (16;30), (14;48)(18;24), (27;36) }
Nu k 39 th ta chn k s thuc

B = A 1

cp bt k trong

39 s ny khng th c tng bnh phng l s chnh phng.

k 40

ta chng minh k = 40 tho mn xt tp C gm 40 s nguyn dng bt k phng khng ln hn 50 c 10 s trong tp

{ 1;2......50} C 10 s ny ch nm trong nhiu nht 10 cp

ca D cn 1 cp ca D thuc C cp tho mn yu cu
bi ton. Vy kmin=40.