REVIEW OF GRAMMAR FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDENTS Articles: indefinite definite a/an the I read a book.

I read the book. She eats an apple

Nouns: person place or thing Subject Elena lives here. Direct object Elena calls the cat. Indirect Object Elena gives Dan the cat.

or

Elena give the cat to Dan.

Pronouns: replaces the noun in the sentence Subject singular st 1 person I I live here. 2nd person you familiar You live here 3rd person he, she, it He (she, it) lives here. you formal You live here. Direct Object: answers the question who or what me Elena calls me. you Elena calls you him, her, it, you Elena calls him (her, it, you). Indirect Object: answers the question to whom or for whom me Elena gives me the cat. you Elena gives you the cat. him, her, it, you Elena gives him (her, it, you) the cat. Adjectives: modifies or describes a noun or pronoun Elena has five books. The kind man helped us. Elena is pretty. Peter is tall. Elena has blue eyes. Peter is American. Verbs: action in a sentence present present progressive (gerund) past future conditional

plural we you they you

We live here. You live here. They live here. You live here.

us They call us. you Peter calls you. them Peter calls them (you). us They give us the cat. you Peter gives you the cat. them Peter gives them (you) the cat

Look at the big house. It is a fat cat. They are buying a new car.

Margaret lives here. Margaret is living here. Margaret lived here. Margaret will live here. Margaret would live here.

Adverbs: modify or describe an adjective, verb or another adverb modifying an adjective (intelligent) Joe is extremely intelligent. modifying the verb (walks) Joe walks quickly. modifying another adverb (quickly) Joe walks very quickly.