DIFFERENCE IN BETWEEEN 1st and 2nd LANGUAGE

BASE
In first language acquisition, the basis for learning is universal grammar alone
Knowledge of the first language also serves as a basis for learning the second language. There may be both positive and negative transfer between languages in second language learning

Learning period
In first language acquisition, children spend several years listening to language, babbling, and using telegraphic speech before they can form sentences In second language acquisition in older learners, learning is more rapid and people are able to form sentences within a shorter period of time

Purpose
First language learners learn for survival Learn languages for many different reasons like career, education

Opportunity of learning the language

Almost everyone acquires a first language because it happens naturally Not everyone acquires a second language because acquiring a second language often requires conscious effort on the part of the learner

Usage of language
Errors made by first language acquirers are generally accepted and frequently not corrected Errors made by second language acquirers are often corrected. -less access to universal grammar - sensitivity to phonological distinctions

Proficiency
First-language learners always attain native proficiency, unless they have a disability that affects language learning In second language learning in older learners, there may be less access to universal grammar