Chapter 4- Reproduction

1. Reproduction – the process in

which new individuals/
offspring are produced by
existing ones.
2. Reproduction important
because:
- to ensure the survival
- continuity of a species
3. Animals and plants can
produce sexually or asexually.

Sexual reproduction
1. Sexual reproduction – involves
gametes/ reproductive cells
2. Gametes are reproductive
cells from 2 parents of
different sexes.
3. The male gamete is known as
a sperm where as the female
gamete is known as an ovum.
4. The fusion of the male gamete
and the female gamete formed
a zygote. The process is
known as fertilisation.
5. The zygote will develop into
new individual/ offspring.

Copy figure 4.1 page 49

Internal and external fertilisation
1. There are 2 types of
fertilisation: internal and
external fertilisation.

Internal fertilisation External fertilisation

1. Occurs inside the 1. Occurs outside the

female body female body
2. The zygote formed 2. The zygote formed
develops inside the develops in the water.
female body Fertilisation usually
occurs in the water
3. Examples: 3. Examples:
humans, mammals, amphibians, fishes
birds, reptiles,
insects
The similarity and differences between
sexual and asexual reproduction.
1. Similarity – both process result in
the production of offspring to
ensure survival and continuity of
a species.
2. Differences:
Sexual Asexual
reproduction reproduction
1. Involves two 1. Involves only
individuals, male one/ single parent
and female
2. Involves the 2. Does not
production of produce any
gametes gametes
3. The number of 3. The number of
offspring produced offspring are more
is limited at a faster rate
The male reproductive system
The parts of the male reproductive
system and their functions.
Bil Structure Function
1 Testis - To produce male
gamete/sperm
- located outside of the body
because sperms cannot form
at human body temperature
2 Scrotum - to protect the testis
3 Sperm duct - to sperm move out from the
testis
4 Prostate - produces milky fluid that
gland protects the sperms
5 Semen - the mixture of sperm and
secretion of prostate gland
6 Urethra - a tube that allows urine to
flow out of the body
- allows the sperms to move
from the sperm duct to penis
7 Penis - transfer sperms into the
female reproductive organ