)

(
)
)( )(
(




-1 ) (
-2

-1 )
(
-2

-1


-2 ) (



-1
- ) ( :

:
- ) ( :

-
- ) - -
(
-
-2 :

-3 :

.





:



:


: 12

)( f
)(

3
3
5
1

3/12=0.25
0.25
0.42
0.08


16
A C C B D A C F D B B A C F C A
:

)( )(F

4
5
3
2
2

4/16=0.25

A
C
B
D
F

0.31
0.19
0.125
0.125


: 15
16 14 13 19 21 14 19 18 18 16 22 12
12 21 17


: =
10 = 12 - 22
:
=NC = 1+3.222Log n
1+3.222Log15 =4.7895
:
=


= 2 = 5/10
:
c

-12

-14

-16

-18

22 -20


-1

0 2 4 0 3 1 3 0 4 5 3 2 4 1 0 3 4 1
2 4
:
-1
-2


: =
5=0-5
:
=NC = 1+3.222Log n
1+3.222Log20 =5.195
:
=


= 1 = 5/5
:
c

-0

0.2

-1

0.15

-2

0.15

-3

0.2

5 -4

0.3


-1

19 16 18 12 16 17 14 16 15 14 22 13
25 22 18 20 19 13 15
-2

A B B+ B O A+ O+ B O B+ A+


: =
13 = 12 - 25
:
=NC = 1+3.222Log n
1+3.222Log19 =5.125
:
=


= 2.6 = 5/13
:
c

-12

0.263

-14.6

0.315

-17.2

0.211

-19.8

0.158

25 -22.4

0.053


-2
)(

)(F

A+

B+

O+



= +
2
= -
= *100


22
c

-4

-9

- 14

- 19

29 - 24

: -
-
-
- - 14
19
-


- = 5
- =
9-4=5
- = 19
- = 7
- 14
3+ 4+3
*100 = 45.45
22

- 19
5+7+3
* 100 = 68 . 181
22


- = +
2
c

9- 4

6.5

14 - 9

11.5

19 - 14

16.5

24 - 19

21.5

29 - 24

26.5


18

32 9 24 13 19 19 21 7 10 16 14 12
28 21 28 29 23 26


:


.
:
-1
) (
-2 .
-3



:
-1 .
-2 )
( .
-3 360
-4
= * 360

) (

2,803

42,886

11,552

158,764

5,383

) (

2,803

0.0127*360 = 4.572 2.803/221.388 = 0.0127

42,886

0.1937

69.732

11,552

0.0522

18.792

158,764

0.7171

258.156

5,383

0.0243

8.748

221,388

360



c
)(

f
)(

3
3
5



)(

f
)(

3/12=0.25

90

0.25

90

0.42

151.2

0.08

28.8

25%

8%

42%

25%

-3

- 10

- 17

- 24

38 - 31


10
8
6
4
2
0
c



c
-12

f
3

-14

-16

-18

22-20

4
3

3
2

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0





= +
2

8- 4

13 - 9

18 - 14

14

23 - 19

28 - 24

8-4

4+8/2 = 6

13 - 9

11

18 - 14

14

16

23 - 19

21

28 - 24

26




16
14

16. 14

12
10
11. 8
26. 6

6. 5

21. 4

4
2
0

30

10

20
x



C
8-6
13-9
18-14
21-19
28-22

F
8
6
14
4
6



=/
C

8-6

13-9

1.5

11

18-14

14

3.5

16

21-19

20

28-22

25

20. 2

7. 4

3
2

11. 1.5

25. 1

1
0

30

10

20

16. 3.5


-1 21
A C B+ C B D+ A C F D C+ D A+ B B A C F C A
C+
:
-2
c
14-12

f
3

16-14

18-16

20-18

26-20


-1
C

8-6

13-9

18-14

14

21-19

28-22

-1


-2
C

3-7

8-10

11-15

16-20

11

21- 25

26-30

10

-
-
-
-



-:

x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 .xn
=
x

= X

x
n


:
6 8 11 14 21 -1
9 11 22 24 7 19 6
-2

-1
-2

= X

6+8+11+14+21 60
= =12
5
5

9 + 11 + 22 + 24 + 7 + 19 + 6 98
=
= 14
7
7


:
9 8 3 7 5 4 -1
100 9 8 3 7 5 -2

= X

1-

9 + 8 + 3 + 7 + 5 + 4 36
=
=6
6
6

29 + 8 + 3 + 7 + 5 + 100 132
=
= 22
6
6









( xi x ) = 0





x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 .xm

w1 w2 w3 w4 w5 .wm
m

wx
i

i =1
m

w
i =1

= X


20

80 75 65 60 50
X

x
50
60
65
75
80

w.x

8
2
4
4
2
20

400
120
260
300
160
1240

wi xi
wi

i =1
m

= X

i =1

= 62

1240
= X
20

fx

f
x

fx

=
f

-1

-5

-9

-13

21-17



c
-1
-5
-9
-13
21- 17

f
3
4
3
4
1
15

x
3
7
11
15
19

f.x
9
28
33
60
19
149

fx

=X
f

149
=X
=9.933
15


18


-1
-5
-9
-13
21-17

2
4
6
4
2



f.x x
f
c
6
3
2
-1
28 7
4
-5
66 11
6
-9
60 15
4
-13
38 19
2
21-17
198
18

fx

=X
f
198
=X
=11
18



c
6-2
11-7
16-12
21-17
-22

f
5
4
6
3
2




fx

c

6-2
11-7
16-12
21-17
26-22

5
4
6
3
2
20

x
4
9
14
19
24

f.x
20
36
84
57
48
245

=X
f

245
=X
=12.25
20


:




:

)100(


:



2 4 6 12 15 12
c
8-2
15-9
22-16
29-23
36-30

8
f
5
8
6
3
2

12-


-1
13 6 15 9 4 12 32 8 7 5
100
5 14 8 9 14 11 6 11 10 12

-2 24

f
c

8-2
15-9
22-16
29-23
36-30

5
8
6
3
2

:
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 .xn


) (n = 1 + n
2


2/n 1 + n
2
= ) (2
M


:
2 7
3 9 6 -1
2 3 9 6 100 -2
4 12 8 18 24 6 -3
6 8
2 4 6 12 15 12 -4

-5


9 7 6 3 2

-1
(5+1) n+1 6
2
2
-2 100 9 6 3 2 (n+1)/2
(5+1)/2 6
100
-3 4 6 8 12 18 24
) (n/2
) (n/2 +1 = )10 = (8+12
2


-4 2 4 6 6 8 12 12 15
) (n/2
= )7 = (6+8/2
-5
(5+1) n+1
2
2

n
) ( c1
2
M =L+
*h
) (c2 c1
L
h
c1
c2
f = n


100

c

-85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40

13 17 21 18 15 7




n/2 = 100/2= 50
L = 60 h = 5
65-60

f.d

40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90

0
1
5
18
35
56
74
89
96
99
100

n/2=50

c2 = 56

c1 = 35

n
) ( c1
M =L+ 2
h
) ( c 2 c1

)(50 35
M = 60 +
5 = 63.57
)(56 35


100


c

f

-25 -20

-30

-35

-40

-45

-50

-55

14

16

17

14

19




n/2 = 100/2= 50
L = 35 h = 5
40-35

f.d
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55

0
6
20
36
53
67
86
94

60

100

n/2=50

c2 = 53

c1 = 36

n
) ( c1
M =L+ 2
h
) ( c 2 c1

)(50 36
5 = 39.11
M = 35 +
)(53 36


20

c

-2

-7

-12

-17

-22




n/2 = 20/2= 10
L = 12 h = 5
17-12

f.d

2
7
12
17
22
27

0
5
9
15
18
20

n/2=10

c2 = 15

c1 = 9

n
) ( c1
M =L+ 2
h
) ( c 2 c1

)(10 9
M =12 +
5 =12.833
)(15 9
= 12833




:
f
c
12
-20
16
-25
30
-30
25
-35
12
-40
5
-45


/

20
25
30
35
40
45
50

fd

0
20
12
25
28
30 n/2

58
35
83
40
95
45
100
50

100
88
72
42
17
5
0

n/2

120
100

60
40
20
0
m=33.67

80


:





:


:

:
2 2 1 6 8 2 6 -1
7 3 5 8 9 8 3 -2
12 7 8 3 11 9 1 -3
-4


-1 2
-2 3
-3
-4

1
D =L+
h
) (1 + 2
:
L
h
1
2

-2
-7
-12
-17
-22

1
4
8
5
4


) (
2 = 8-5=3
1 = 8 -4=4
h=5 L = 12

1
D =L+
h
) (1 + 2
4
D = 12 +
5 = 14 . 857
)( 4 + 3

-4

12

-10

-16

-22

-28


) (
2=12 -4 = 8 1 = 12-0 =12
h=6 L = 4

1
D =L+
h
) (1 + 2
12
D =4+
6 = 7 .6
) (12 + 8



C
-2
-8
-12
-17
24 -22

f
6
8
15
5
4

fd
f/r

-2
-8

6
8

-12

15

-17

24 -22


) (
2 =3 -1= 2
1=3-2=1
h=17-12=5 L = 12

1
D =L+
h
) (1 + 2
1
D = 12 +
5 = 13 . 667
) (1 + 2




:
c

-12

-14

-16

-18

-20



5
4
3
2

4
3

12--14
14--16
16--18

18--20

20--22

0
1

D=19


X =M =D
X>M>D
X<M<D

-=)3 (


= =
= =
20
15
10
5
0
X =M =D




20
15

5
X

10

X >M >D




25
20
15
10
5

X <M <D



27 31

= )3 -(
27)3 = 31 27(
3 81 = 4 3- = 85- =28.333


X
x 12 6


= )3 -(
= 2 3 2 = 6 36 15 = x

c
-10

-10

- 10

-20

10

-20

10

-20

20

- 30

15

- 30

25

- 30

15

-40

20

-40

10

-40

10

-50

-50

-50

24 24 24 24 24
29 26 24 21 20
52 33 24 8
3
= 24
24

x
0

50

10
20
30
40
60
xxxxx
0 10
30 40
50

20
60
x x
x
0xx10

20
30
40
50
60


R
:
=

20 14
5 18 12 16 15 11 8 6

R = 20 5=15



24 24 24 24 24
-1
29 26 24 21 20
-2
52 33 24 8
3
-3



:
=
:
=

-12

-14

-16

-18

-20


=
22 -12= 10
c

-12

-14

-16

-18

22 -20



M D= x x
n

n x



24 24 24 24 24
-1
29 26 24 21 20
-2
52 33 24 8
3
-3

=X

0
= =0
5

xx

= MD
n

n
120
=X
= 24
5

1-

120
20 24 + 21 24 + 24 24 + 26 24 + 29 24
=X
= = 24 MD
=
5
5
4 + 3 + 0 + 2 + 5 14
=MD
= = 2.8
5
5

2-

120
=X
= 24
5

3-

3 24 + 8 24 + 24 24 + 33 24 + 52 24
5

= MD

21+16+ 0 + 9 + 28 74
=MD
= = 14.8
5
5



2
2

s

N
2
(

)
X

i
2 = i =1
N
n

2
) (X i X

S 2 = i =1
n 1


10

13 3 9 4 8 20 15 12 6 10

13 + 3 + 9 + 4 + 8 + 20 + 15 + 12 + 6 + 10 100
=
=
= 10
10
10

x
n

=X

) X

(X

n 1

(1010)2 +(610)2 +(1210)2 +(1510)2 +(2010)2 +(810)2 +(410)2 +(910)2 +(310)2 +(1310)2
=s
9
2

244
= s
= 27.111
9
2

s = 27.111= 5.207


10

10 8 12 13 8 15 7 12 16 9

9 + 16 + 12 + 7 + 8 + 15 + 13 + 12 + 8 + 10 110
=
= 11
=
10
10

=
N

(X

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

(
9
11
)
(
16
11
)
(
12
11
)
(
7
11
)
(
15
11
)
(
8
11
)
(
13
11
)
(
12
11
)
(
8
11
)
(
10
11
)
= 2
10

86
= = 8.6
10
2

= 8.6 = 2.933

) fi ( X i X
fi 1

i =1

= S2

i =1

X
) ( s

-1

-5

-9

-13

21- 17

= 9.933

c
5 -1
9 -5
13 -9
17-13
21- 17

f
3
4
3
4
1
15

x
3
7
11
15
19

f.x
9
28
33
60
19
149

(X X ) X- X
2

- 6.933
-2.933
1.067
5.067
9.067

48.066
8.602
1.138
25.674
82.210

fx

=X

)f (XX

144.198
34.408
3.414
102.696
82.210
366.926

366.926
= S
= 26.209
14

) X

) 5.119 = ( S

f (X
i

f 1
i

i =1

i =1

= S
2

-2

-4

-6

-8

12-10

fx

=X
=7

f
x

f (X X ) (X X ) X X f.x

-2

-4

16

32

-4

20

-2

16

-6

42

-8

36

16

12-10

11

22

16

32

18

126

96

96
= S
= 5.647
17

) X

) 2.376= ( S

f (X
i

f 1
i

i =1

i =1

= S
2


18


-1
-5
-9
-13
21-17

2
4
6
4
2

-12

-14

-16

-18

-20


:



:


)
( s/x*100

) (x-s,x+s %68
) (x-2s,x+2s %95
) (x-3s,x+3s ) (




-1 )( )%25
( Q1
-2 ) %50
( Q2
-3 )(
) %75 ( Q3
=

Q 3 Q1
2

= Q

n +1
= R1
)( 4

Q1
)3(n + 1
= R
)(
4
Q3
Q3 Q1
=Q

2

) Qi = x1 + ( Ri L)( x2 x1
x1 x2 L
3



1- 4 6 2 1 8 12 9
2- 5 9 7 2 14 9 11 20 5
3- 6 12 4 18 12 11 8 9 5 1


-1
1 2 4 6 8 9 12
R1

n + 1
=
4

R1 =

3( n + 1)
R3 =
4
Q3 Q1
Q=
2

7 +1
=2
4

R3 =

Q1=2

3(7 + 1)
=6
4

Q3=9

92
Q=
= 3.5
2


-2

n + 1
=
4

R1

2 5 5 7 9 9 11 14 20
9 +1
= 2.5
4

= R1

2 5 5 7 9 9 11 14 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2.5
7.5
Qi = x1 + ( Ri L)( x2 x1 ) = 5 + (2.5 2)(5 5) = 5
)3(9 + 1
= 7.5
4

= R3

)3 ( n + 1
4

= R3

Qi = x1 + ( Ri L)( x2 x1 ) = 11 + (7.5 7)(14 11) = 12.5

12.5 5
=Q
= 3.75
2

Q3 Q1
=Q
2


-3

n + 1
=
4

R1

1
4 5 6 8 9 11 12 12 18
10 + 1
= 2.75

= R1

1 4 5 6 8 9 11 12 12 18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2.75
8.25
Qi = x1 + ( Ri L)( x2 x1 ) = 4 + (2.75 2)(5 4) = 4.75
)3(10 + 1
= 8.25
4

= R3

)3 ( n + 1
4

= R3

Qi = x1 + ( Ri L)( x2 x1 ) = 12 + (8.25 8)(12 12) = 12

12 4.75
=Q
= 3.625
2

Q3 Q1
=Q
2


x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 .xn
f k
)(x x
= m

n
) f (x x

= m
n
k=1 m1=0 k=2 m2=s2

m3
sk = 3
s
k


m3 s
3

) w (x x
n

) w (x x

sk=0
sk<0
sk>0

sk


ku

m4
ku= 4
s
4

) n f ( x x

] )[ f (x x

2 2

= ku

ku=3
ku>3
ku<3

-10

10

-20
-30

20
35

-40

23

-50

12

= 35.7

fx

=X

f.x

f ( X X )2 X X

f ( X X )3

f ( X X )4

10

15

150

-20.7

4284.9

-88697.43

1836036.8

-20

20

25

500

-10.7

2289.8

-24500.86

262159.2

-30

35

35

1225

-0.7

17.15

-12.005

8.404

-40

23

45

1035

9.3

1989.27

18500,211

172051.96

-50

12

55

660

19.3

4469.88

86268.684

1664985.6

13051

-8441.42

3935241.96

c
-10

100

3570



8441.42
= 84.4142
100

13051
=
= 130.51
100

3
f
x
x
(

f ( x x )2
n

m3
84 .4142
= sk = 3
= 0 .057
3
s
130 .51

= m3


n f ( x x )4

= 0.231

] )[ f (x x

2 2

39352496

)( 130.51

= ku

= ku


r
(1) r (1-) r
r
) (+
) (-
r 0 = r
r 0 0.3
r ) 0.3 (0.5
r ) 0.5 (0.7
r ) 0.7 (0.9
r ) 0.9 (1
1 = r

n.(x.y) x y

) )(n.(x ) (x) )(n.( y ) ( y

2

rxy xy
n

= rxy





17
16
15
14
13
12

10

11



x y
y2
36
49
64
81
100
121
451

x2
144
169
196
225
256
289
1279

x.y
72
91
112
135
160
187
757

y
6
7
8
9
10
11
51

x
12
13
14
15
16
17
87

n.(x.y) xy

) )(n.(x ) (x) )(n.( y ) (y

2

)6(757 ) (87 )(51

105
=
=1
(6(1279 ) (87 ) 2 )(6( 451) (51) 2 105

= rxy

= rxy

16

14

13

10

14

10



y2
x2
256
100
196
196
169
100
81
64
49
36
36
25
25
9
812
530

x.y
160
196
130
72
42
30
15
645

y
10
14
10
8
6
5
3
56

x
16
14
13
9
7
6
5
70

n.(x.y) xy

) )(n.(x ) (x) )(n.( y ) (y

2

)7(645) (70)(56

= rxy

595
=
= 0.887
2
2
(7(812) (70) )(7(530) (56) ) 670.832

= rxy




) ( rr
6d 2

)n(n 1
2

d
n

rr = 1

4
1
2
3
6
7
8
5

6
4
1
2
7
3
5
8

d
-2
-3
1
1
-1
4
3
-3

d2
4
9
1
1
1
16
9
9

50

)6(50
rr = 1
= 0.405
)8(64 1

) 1

n (n

rr = 1

d2

2.5

0.5.

0.25

4.5
2.5
6

6
2
4

-1.5
0.5
2

1.25
0.25
4

4.5

2.5

6.25

-4

16

28

)6(28
rr = 1
= 0 .2
)6(36 1

) 1

n (n

rr = 1


-1 x y
x

10

11

16

10

14

12

10

-2



y = a + bx

x y
a b

x y
) (x,y

y = a + bx

( xy) nx y
x nx
2

= b

a = y b x

x y
a
b
n

11

10

: -
-
- 20
- 15

10

6
)(x

)(y

12
10
8
6
4
2
0


a b
x y

X2

x.y

64

88

11

36

60

10

24

12

114

189

40

20

x = 20l 5 = 4

y = 40 l 5 = 8

( xy ) n x y
189 5 ( 4 )( 8 ) 29

=b
=
= 0 . 853

x
n
x

) 114 5 ( 4
34
a = 8 0 . 853 ( 4 ) = 4 . 588
a = y b x
2

y = 4 . 588 + 0 . 853 x

= b

y = a + b x

20 = 4 . 588 + 0 . 853 x

- y =20
) 18.068( x 20
- x =15
y = 4 . 588 + 0 . 853 (15 ) = 17 . 383 17.383

11

: -
- 8
- 15


a b

x y

X2
121
64
49
25
9
4
272

x.y
55
32
21
15
6
2
131

y
5
4
3
3
2
1
18

x
11
8
7
5
3
2
36

x = 36l 6 = 6

y = 18 l 6 = 3

( xy ) n x y
131 6 ( 6 )( 3 ) 23

=b
=
= 0 . 411

x
n
x

) 272 6 ( 6
56
a = 3 0 . 411 ( 6 ) = 0 . 534
a = y b x
2

y = 0 . 534 + 0 . 411 x

= b

y = a + b x

8 = 0 . 534 + 0 . 411 x

- y =8
) 18.1655 ( x 8
- x =15
y = 0 . 534 + 0 . 411 (15 ) = 6 . 699 6.699

10

11

12

10

13

-1
-2 x 18 y
-3 y 15 x





)(


:

:
-1
-2
-3
%60
%80



1713
1813 .

:
-1 :
.
-2 :

.


)( S
: -1 -2
-3

-1
}S={1,2,3,4,5,6
-2
) (1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(1,4)(1,5)(1,6

) ( 2,1)( 2,2)( 2,3)( 2,4)( 2,5)( 2,6

) (3,1)(3,2)(3,3)(3,4)(3,5)(3,6

= S
) ( 4,1)( 4,2)( 4,3)( 4,4)( 4,5)( 4,6
) (5,1)(5,2)(5,3)(5,4)(5,5)(5,6

) (6,1)( 6,2)( 6,3)( 6,4)( 6,5)( 6,6



.

) (E
)(


) ( E ) ( S

)(

) ( S ) = ( E


E1 S E1 S E1
E1
E1 E2 S
(E2 U E1) -1 E1 E2 E1 E2
(E2 E1) -2 E1 E2 E1 E2

:
}E1={2,4,6
}E2={5,6
}E3={3,6
} E4= {1,3,5

1- E3
2- E1E3
3- E1E2
4- E1UE4




-: )P(E
h
= =
n

) ( ) P( Eq
)q = 1-P(E

P(E)+P(E)=1

0P(E) 1
= 1 =


10 ) ( IBM 5 ) ( LG 7
) ( FLAT
)1- (IBM
)2- ( LG
)3- (FLAT

n = 22
1- p(1BM) = 10/22 = 0.455
2- P(LG) = 5/22=0.227
3- P( FLAT ) = 7/22=0.318


5 7 3
8 :
-1
-2
-3


n=23
- =
3/23=0.1304
-
8/23=0.3478
- =
7/23=0.3043

- 9 - 4
- 10
- 3 - 2

) (1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(1,4)(1,5)(1,6

) ( 2,1)( 2,2)( 2,3)( 2,4)( 2,5)( 2,6

) (3,1)(3,2)(3,3)(3,4)(3,5)(3,6

= S
) ( 4,1)( 4,2)( 4,3)( 4,4)( 4,5)( 4,6
) (5,1)(5,2)(5,3)(5,4)(5,5)(5,6

) (6,1)( 6,2)( 6,3)( 6,4)( 6,5)( 6,6


}){(4,6)(5,5)(6,4
- 10
3/36=0.0833
10
- {(4,6)(5,5)(5,6)(6,4)(6,5)(6,6)} 9
6/36=0.1667 9
- 4
}){(1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(2,1)(2,2)(3,1
6/36=0.1667 4
E - 3 E 3
E={(1,1)(1,2)(2,1)} P(E)=3/36=0.0833
P(E)=1-P(E)=1-0.0833=0.9167
E - 2

H T
})S={(H,H)(H,T)(T,H)(T,T
E
})E ={(H,H)(H,T)(T,H
P(E1)= =0.75




} S={s1,s2,s3.sn
} P{p1,p2,p3pn
1- pi0
2- pi=1

H T
}S={H,T

P(T)=a
P(H)=2a
a+2a=1
3a =1 a=1/3
P(T)=1/3
P(H)=2/3




S

r n

n
!n
n
= = c r
!) r! ( n r
r

)n!=n(n-1)(n-2).(n-n
0!=1 1!=1


3 7

!7
7*6*5
=
= 35
= c
3!4! 3 * 2 * 1
n
r


3
6 5

= 20

6 * 5 * 4
3 * 2 * 1

!6
=
! 3 !3

6
3

!5
5 * 4
=
=
= 10
! 2 !3
2 *1

10*20 = 200

5
2


5 4

-
-

9*8
= N(S)= c = c
= 36
2
9
2

n
r

- A

N(A) = c = c =10
5
2

n
r

N ( A) 10
= )P( A
=
= 0.2778
N ( S ) 36


- B

N ( B ) = c15 * c14 = 5 * 4 = 20

) N (B
20
= )P(B
=
= 0 . 5556
) N (S
36


20 5 3
- -


) N(S 3
!n
n

= cr
!) r ! ( n r
N(S)= crn = c320 = 20 *19 *18 = 1140
3* 2

- A
N ( A) = crn = c35 = 10

)N ( A
10
= )P( A
=
= 0.0088
N ( S ) 1140


- B

N ( B ) = c25 * c115 = 10 *15 = 150

N ( B ) 150
= )P( B
=
= 0.1316
N ( S ) 1140




)

(
n m
A
P(A) = Lim m
n n
m A
n
n


500 480

A
n
m
n= 500
m = 480
= P(A) = m / n
480/500 = 0,96

P(A)=1-0,96=0,04


A ) P(A A
P(A)0
P(S) =1
A,B )P(AUB)= P(A)+P(B


E1,E2 S

)P(E2/E1) = P(E1 E2 ) = P(E1E2
)P(E2
)P (E1


3 5



: 2/7



6 2

N(S) =36
A 2
})A={(2,1)(2,3)(2,4)(2,5)(2,6)(1,2)(3,2)(4,2) (5,2)(6,2

N(A)=10 B 6
B={(1,5)(2,4)(3,3)(4,2)(5,1)} N(B)=5
(AB)={(2,4)(4,2)} P(B)=5/36 P(AB)=2/36
36 2
=
P(A/B)= 52 // 36


:
2
S={1,2,3,4,5,6} :
E1 E1{2,4,6} P(E1)=3/6
E2 E2{2} P(E2)=1/6 2
P(E1 E2)=1/6
P(E2/E1) = P(E1 E2)=1/6 = 1/3
P (E1) 3/6

8


) (E1,E2

:
)P(E1 E2)= P(E1,E2) = P(E1).P(E2
)(E1
)(E2

)P(E1,E2)=P(E1). P(E2/E1

:
4
6

}S={1,2,3,4,5,6} E1={4} E2={6

) (E1 4 P(E1)= 1/6
) (E2 6 P(E2)= 1/6
= )P(E1 E2)= P(E1,E2) = P(E1).P(E2
1/61/6 =1/36


10
0.35 10
0.48 10

P(E1,E2) = P(E1).P(E2)=0.35*0.48=0.168


10 ) ( IBM 5 ) ( LG 7
) ( FLAT

-1 ) -2 (FLAT ) -3 ( LG
) (LG )(FLAT


P(E1)= 7/22
p(E2/E1)=6/21

) (E1 flat
) (E2 flat

)P(E1,E2)=P(E1).P(E2/E1
=7/22*6/21=42/264


12 4


) (E1 P(E1)= 8/12
) (E2 P(E2/E1)=7/11
) (E3


E1 E2
P(E1E2)=0

) P(E1+E2)= P(E1)+P(E2


E1 E2
P(E1E2)0

) P(E1+E2)= P(E1)+P(E2) - P(E1E2


5 7 3
8 :
-1 -2
-3


(E1) -1 P(E1)= 3/23
) (E2 P(E2)=5/23
)P(E1+E2)= P(E1)+P(E2
8/23
(E1) -2 P(E1)= 8/23
) (E2 P(E2)=3/23
)P(E1+E2)= P(E1)+P(E2
11/23


10 ) ( IBM 5 ) ( LG 7
) ( FLAT
) (FLAT)(LG




-1
-2 3
-3 2 3



)() ()(
-1 -2 .

) n=14 (
E1 -1


-1702
1761

P( E/B) = P(E).P(B/E) n
)P(Ei).P( B/Ei
i=1


3 5
2



-2
-1
-4
-3


) (E1 )(E2
P (E1)=1/2
)(E2/E1
P(E2/E1) =3/8
=
()(3/8)=3/ 16
) (E3
P (E3)=1/2
)(E2/E3
P(E2/E3) =2/5
=
()(2/5)=1/ 5

P(E2)= P(E2/E1) + P(E2/E3) =3/16+1/5 =31/80



*3/8=3/16

*5/8+1/2*1/5=33/80

(*5/8) =25/33
)(1/2*5/8)+(1/2*1/5


A,B,C
20%,35%,45%

5%,2%,3%
-

-
B


-
E1 A
E2 B
E3 C
D
P(E1)=0.20 P(E2)= 0.35 P(E3)= 0.45
)P(D)=P(E1)P(D/ E1)+ P(E2)P(D/ E2)+ P(E3)P(D/E3


P(D/E3)=0.03

P(D/E2)=0.02

P(D/E1)=0.05

)(0.20)(0.05)+(0.35)(0.02)+(0.45)(0.03
=0.0305
- B

P(Ei).P( D/Ei) = 0.0305

)P(E2/D)=P(E2)P(D/E2
)P(Ei).P( D/Ei
=(0.35)(0.02) =0.23
)(0.0305