Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
com
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
2.
3.
4.
5.
JMSP ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
yl$ ]l*$P {$
1.
f.
www.sakshieducation.com
+
+
2H 2O 4chl
4H + 4e + O2
4chl
lV>
2H2O 4Chl +
4Chl + 4H+ + O2
fl^l$r
1.
2.
{VS*#&G
1. NAD
2. ATP
3. sZOl
4. l$l M>l
5. t a.
(yl)
(C)
(G)
()
()
{VS* &G
(C)
1. CO2 MS
2. M> ^l l$ Ell$$. (G)
{VS*#&
G. s M> .
. P ^l$.
. yl
yl. G{M>tl {VSl
C. G]lj M .
VS*&
G. ATP, NADH $
. VS*Mg
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
3. MS MSg
4. $ MSg
5. {l
()
(yl)
()
. B MS>V>
yl. $, ]l
C. $Zg& I, 5 yO l s
* {$ 4 ]l*$P$
P ^l$ MS]l ]l M>l ]l$ VS$_ {$yl?
()
CO2, VS*MgV> ]l* ^l]l$ ]l^lyl?
f. & M> {l$$ l.
& l $]l#Z A]l~MSZ f$VS$]l$.
& D lZ CO2 *Wyl VS*Mg l* ]l#l$.
& P ^lMS$ ATP, NADH $ A]l.
& D ^l ]l* l$l M>l MS]l$V$.
& D l]l$ M>l ]l$ A As$.
$]l ^l$
1. *Zg 1,5 Oyls + CO2 Mg ^lMSP 2PGA
(5C)
(1C)
(6C)
(23C=6C- )
l $]l#Z 5 MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl *Zg 1,5 Oyls CO2]l$ {VS_
6 MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl Mg ^lMSPV> ]l*$l$. Mg A l$]l. C
lrl 2 WfMS B]l$ A$]l#$V> ]l*$l$.
2.
1.
PGA
(3C)
ATP
3.
(Wf>zO yl&3 s)
(3C)
(6C)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Chl *
&&&&&&
Chl + + e-
(G{M>t l)
G{M>tl {VSl S$MS ^ll$l$
({V Sl)
A-
e-
(G{M>t l)
(S$MS ^ll$]l
{VSl)
4. {llZ E]l BMSMS MS s A$]l#]l$ bl_ G{M>t]l$]l$, O2]l$ yl$l
^l$. sM> As$.
+
+
2H 2O 4Chl
4H + 4e + O2
5 ]l*$P$ {$
1. {l > r X, V>]l$ VS$^lyl?
f.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl.
1.
2.
()
www.sakshieducation.com
3.
4.
5.
6.
()
(G)
(yl)
(G)
(yl)
()
7.
2.
G)
MSMS ]lN
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
8.
()
]l*$]l#MS$ G{M>t]l$$ ^layl.
{ll# A$]l# M> MS {VS^lyl MSf]l *VS{MS$ *{MS
llol$
M> ]l Elhl]l$]l {ll A$]l# s A$]l#]l$ bl^lyl s M> .
ADP Gyll Oyl s
ATP Gyll {s s
iPo4 AM>>MS s
ADP A$]l#MS$ MS ]llOl$]l Po4 MSMS ll.
M> ]l$SZ fVS ll sZll.
sZ ll MSf]l *VS{MS$Z f$VS$l$.
s M> > ]lZMS O2 yl$l]l#l$.
M> ^l l$ Ell$$ ATP, NADPH2$.
P ^lMS$ M>]l]l co2, ATP, NADPH2$.
M> ]l$SZ ]l*{ll$ fVS M> ^l$.
M> {l$$ ^l$ P ^ $.
P ^l$ MS]l ]l CO2 VS*MgV> ]l*yl.
P ^l ]l>$ l$l M>l (Al$M>) $]l$.
P ^l$ M>l ]l$.
PlZ CO2 MS *Zg&1,5 Oyl s.
CO2 {VS_]l l Hyl WfMS B]l$.
PGA, A]lV> WfMS B]l$.
PGA, Wf>zOyl&3&sV> ]l*>s ATP, NADPH2 $ M>.
2 A$]l# Wf>zOyl&3 s MS JMS VS*Mg A$]l# ]l$.
P ^l l$ El VS*Mg
VSs lZ VS*Mg, sZ MSVS ylV> ]l* ^l$yl$l$.
>{ ]l$*Z yl, sZ MSVS VS*MgV> ]l* MS MSg >
A]l#l$.
MSf]l *VS{MS$MS$ A]l$]l#V> {l > ]l$^lyl.
O a, {MS a ]l$l MSg {l MSg l
$]l#]l$ MSW Er$.
32.
33.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
]l$l$ MSg
h]l$l$ MSg
{l MSg
]lyl]l$ D l *Z {
MSg$.
$]l#
MS MSg
MS a AMS QZ {l{$.
{l{$ tl$s ]l# ]l*yl.
{l{ B]l_ SMS M $ ]l{lyM>.
h ]l$l$ MSgZ {l $ AMS.
$ MSg $, ]l {
MS MSg B > MS$.
GMS$P]l M> {VS^lyMS $V> {l l El Ol> GMS$P]lV> Eylr.
{l JMS f lOl$]l, Al$lOl$]l B MS>V>.
34.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
>{MS$
MSMS ]l]l$@&
1. i i^s MS A]l.
2. MSf]l *VS{MS$ > M> MS, $]l MSV> yl B l*VS$]l$.
MS yl$l M>l$. B >Z W E]l MS, i]l#MS$ *VSyl $]l MSV>
]l*>s >{MS$ l V> fV>.
3. B > BMSMS A]lV>, M>O{yls$, M]l#$, {sl$ BMSfl ^l
M>l Oyl *MSyl, $V> ]l* ^l >{MS$.
4. D >{MS$ MSZ f$VS$]l$ M>st MS >{MS$.
5. S A$]l#O]l M>O{yls$, M]l#$ {lSV> BMSfl ^l MS El
^l$]l#. A VS*Mg, M]l# B]l* ]ls A$]l#$V> ]l*]l#yl$ ]l*{ll$ 2
^l lVS]l#.
6. oMS B]lZ fVS l]l]l, >{MS$MS$ M MS$ E]lsMS ^ ly$
Es.
7. BMSfl *V> st A, l >{MS$$ BMSfl ]l$SZ fVS
>{MS$ >l AMS MS $.
8. A l$Z fVS >{MS$Z NV> BMSMS ^lll$. lMS$P]l MS
$. COl BP, MStMS B]l$ ]ls WM>$ Hyl.
9. A l$Z Dt MS$ VS*Mg]l$ COl BP, co2 V> ]l*$
MS]l& D {{MS$MS$ BP {]l$Z AMS {]ll E.
1 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
6.
f.
7.
f.
5.
f.
4.
f.
3.
f.
2. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
>{MS$
l]l]l
1. $r ]l$yl lyl$ A^. $r ]l$yl lyl$
A^l]l]l A]l l$.
2. l]l]lZ ]l*l$MS
]l*l$MS l>]l$
]l$ Hyl]l#.
Hyl.
MS lV>,
3. MS A JMSPV> lyl$
M^lM^lV> ATP, lyl$
*Z yl$lVS$]l$.
*Z Hyl$]l$.
4. $ ]l#yl$ f$VS$]l$.
$ E f$VS$]l$.
5. llr ]lV> ]l*
]lV> ]l*yl,
l$l ]l$yl$l$.
]l$ylyl f$VS]l#.
3.
V S M >
www.sakshieducation.com
* {$
1. A, l >{MS$ ]l$l ]l$ lyl?
f.
A >{MS$
1. BMSfl A]l Eyll$.
2. M llZ M>l Oyl *MSyl
Hyl$l$. $ Hyll$. Cl MS
MStMS B]l$ ]ls >$ Hyl.
3. Ol$sZ M>{yl* {l$$ Eyll$.
4. {MS ]l$, G{M>tl f$VS]l#.
5. A lMS$P]l MS Hyl$l$.
6. JMS VS*Mg A$]l# ]l$yl A
>{MS$ > 2 ATP A$]l#$ ]l*{ll$
Hyl.
C6H12O6 2C2 H5 OH + 2CO 2 + 56 k.cal
l >{MS$
1. BMSfl A]l Er$.
2. M>l Oyl *MSyl, $ Hyl.
3. Ol$sZ M>{yl*l l
>{MS$ MS{$.
4.{MS ]l$]l, G{M>tl
f$VS$.
5. GMS$P]l MS Hyl$l$.
6. 38 ATP $ Hyl.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + 680k.cal
www.sakshieducation.com
yl
^lMSP$
VSM> (MS{l]lZ)
O$MS B]l$
O2
O2
^lMS
l
M>l yO l *MS yl + $,
AMS MS
( l >{MS$)
BP/MStMS B]l$ +
CO2, lMS$P]l MS
(A >{MS$)
fl^l$r
1.
{VS*&G
1. 2 ATP $
2. 38 ATP $
3. Ol$sZM>{yl*
4. COl BP
5. MStMS B]l$
()
(yl)
(C)
(G)
()
{VS*&
G. MS]l
. A >{MS$
. MSyl>$
yl. l >{MS$
C. {MS OMS
R]l$ N#]l.
1. i]l#sZ]l* MS El MMS$ GMS$P]lV> E*VSyl >$ &&&&&&&&&,
&&&&&&&&&
(VS*Mg, M]l# B]l*$)
2. VSM>, {MSOMS, G{M>tl Al l$ VS >{MS$ &&&&&&&&&
( l >{MS$)
3. VSM>, MS]l]l ]l$ l$V> VS >{MS$ &&&&&&&&& (A >{MS$)
4. A >{MS$ > &&&&&&&&& Hyll$ ($)
5. BMSfl ]l#yl$ Dt M $ O$MS B]l* &&&&&&&&& V> ]l*$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
(Cl/ BP)
6. $VS$]l$ l*$ ^l$ylZ ]l$]l CZ E*W^l MSt*$ &&&&&&&&&
(Mt)
4.
MSMS ]lN
5.
3.
2.
1.
www.sakshieducation.com
6.
7.
15.
14.
13.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
16. A >{MS$@&
17.
iii) MS
A
Eyll$
MV> CO2 Cl MS
MStMS B]l$
A lMS$P]l
iv) ATP, $
O2
38
l$
VSM>, MS]l
VSM>, {MS]l$
i) O2 A]l
ii)
v)
El$
www.sakshieducation.com
l
Er$
CO2, H2O
GMS$P]l
www.sakshieducation.com
G{M>tl
l$sZM>{yl*
{l$$
Eyll$
Er$.
vi)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
6.
7.
9.
10.
8.
1. ll A]lV> l$?
f. ADP (Ayll Oyl s) MS$ MS]llOl$]l s (Po4) MSMS]l$ ll
As$.
2. BMSylsl ll MS BMSMS MS A]lV> l$?
f. BMSfl ]l$SZ fVS ll]l$ BMSMS MS As$.
3. sZ ll MS M> MS A]lV> l$?
f. M> ]l$SZ fVS ll]l$ M> MS As$.
4. >{MS*]l$ A]lV> l$? E]l?
f. >{MS$Z BMSMS ^l MS yl$l ^l >]l$ >{MS*]l$
As$.
E@& M>O{yls$, M]l#$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2 ]l*$P {$
1. E BMSylsl ll ]l$ ]l^lyl?
f. l >{MS$Z VS*Mg BMSMS ^llyl ]l _]l MS *W^l$M
MSZ ADP MS MS]llOl$]l s (PO4) MS$$. ATP Hyl$l$. C BMSfl
]l$SZ fW M>st BMSylsl ll MS BMSMS MS]l
As$.
2. E sZ ll]l$ ]l^lyl?
f. MSf]l *VS{MS$Z M> ]l$SZ ADP Po4 (s) MS$$. D lOl$]l
ll]l$ M> MS]l (MS) sZll As$.
3. BMSMS MS]l, M> MS]lMS$ ]l$lVS ]l$ >$yl?
f.
M> MS
BMSMS MS
1. M> ]l$SZ M> MS
1. BMSfl ]l$SZ VS*Mg
E*W_ ADP ATP V>
BMSMS ^l]l#yl$ yl$l
]l*$$.
A]l MS ADP ATP V>
]l*$$.
2. C MSf]l *VS{MS$Z
2. C l > {MS$Z
f$VS$l$.
f$VS$l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
]l> {
A$ ]ls ^l]l
OMS$, MS> ^l]l
MSyl M^l
MS >
ATP
* {$
www.sakshieducation.com
r
1. {MSt Ol$sZM>{yl* r]l X, VS]l]l$ VS$^lyl?
f.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
fl^lyl
(1) {VS*&G
1. ADP + Po4
2. O$MS B]l$]l
3. BMSMS MS
4. Ol$sZM>{yl*
5. MS{lMS Ni]l#$
{VS*&
G. VSM>
.
. {MSt$
yl. >{MS$
C. ll
(C)
(G)
(yl)
()
()
R]l$ N^lyl
$O_eMS {$
l >{MS* ]l>$
()
G) MS {l]l]l
) l $]l#$
) Ol$sZM>{yl*$
yl) MS{lMS]l
2. MS{lMS N i]l#Z H MSVS MS El ^l$
()
G) Ol$sZM>{yl*
)MSl^l]l ) MS{lMS
yl) OZ]l$
3. >{MS$Z fVS ll
()
G)M> MS
) sZ ll
)BMSMS MS
yl)HM>l$
4. Gyll {s sZ G]l]l s lZ AMS MS Eyl$]l$.
(G)
G)3]l
)2]l
)1]l
yl)4]l
1.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5. V> >{MS*>$
G)M>O{yls$
) M]l#$
(yl)
) {sl$
yl) G,
MSMS ]lN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
ADP Gyll
ATP
]l> {
A$ ]ls ^l]l
OMS$, MS> ^l]l
MSyl M^l
MS >
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1. ]l*$P {$.
1.
f.
2.
f.
3.
www.sakshieducation.com
f. 2
4. VS*Mg ]l$_ VSM> > G NADH$ Hyl?
f. 2
5. VS*Mg ]l$_ {MS]l$ > Hyl NADH$ G?
f. 8
6. NADH, FADH2 $ BMSMS ^llyl > Hyl ATP $ G?
f. NADH BMSMS ]l 3 ATP$
FADH2 BMSMS ]l 2 ATP $.
7. VS*Mg A$]l# VSM>, {MS ]l$, G{M>tl Z ZYyl > ^l MS
ATP $ ?
f. 38.
8. ATP f ^llyl > G MSZ MS $?
f. 7200 MSZ$.
9. M]l# B]l$# A$]l#$ BMSMSZ Y]l#yl$ GMS$P]l MS ]l$. Gl$]l?
f. VS*Mg, {s]l$ M]l# B]l$A$]l#Z MS]l ]l*$]l#$ GMS$P]l QZ
Es.
10. >{MS$]l$ ${^l ]lQOl$]l M>M>$?
f. 1) BMSfl 2) Et{VSl
11. A M> i]l#Z]l$ V> MS ElMS *W^l >$ H$s?
f. VS*Mg, M]l# B]l*$.
12. ^l$$MS$V> M^l y MS$ {l^l MSyl>$ O2 ]l#yl$ O$MS B]l* G
]l*$?
f. MStMS B]l$V> .
13. VS*Mg l >{MS$Z Y]l#yl$ Hyl ll ATP $ G ?
f. 4O
14. All A]l$MS* E~{VSl As H$s?
f. H E~{VSl ]ll >{MS$ r$ VStZ Er$ B E~{VSl]l$ All A]l$MS*
E~{VSl As$.
15. GTP A]lV>l$?
f. V>l {s s (ATP ]lsl)
16. $, MS*V>$$, VS$yl$ ]ls >]l$ {hr$Z E_l ^M> yl]lMS$y
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Es. M>?
f. & lMS$P]l E~{VSlZ GOg]l$ {MS*lMSV> Eyl]l#.
& lMS$P]l E~{VSlZ MSt*$ lVSV> A]l ^ll]l#.
& >{MS* r$ lMS$P]lV> Er$.
M>st {hrZ E_]l l M> B >$ GMS$P]l M> r$
yl]lMS$yEs.
2. ]l*$P {$
CO2
www.sakshieducation.com
* {$
1. VSM> ]l$ ]l^lyl?
f. >{MS$Z l$lsl VSM>. VSM As ^lMSP, Ol As _e]l. C MS{l]lZ
f$VS$l$. D {{MS$MS$ BMSfl A]l Eyll$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
B$MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl VS*Mg, 3 MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl yl$ O$MS B]l$
A$]l#$V> yl]ly VSM> As$.
^l$:
1. VS*Mg + ATP VS*Mg & 6 & s + ADP.
2. VS*Mg & 6 & s + ATP {Mtg & 1, 6 yO l s + ADP.
3. {Mtg & 1,6 yO l s 2 O $M B]l$ A$]l#$ + 2 NADH + 4ATP
(6C)
(2 3c = 6c)
]l:
lls ^lZ VS*MgMS$ ATP ^layl VS*Mg&6& s Hyl$l$.
l$ ^lZ VS*Mg&6& r$MS$ ]l$ ATP ^layl A {Mtg&1,6 Oyl
r$V> ]l*$l$.
_]lV> {Mtg&1,6 Oyl s 3 MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl yl$ O$MS B]l$#
A$]l#$ Hyl.
D ^lZ 2 NADH $, 4 ATP $ Hyl.
VSM> Z Hylz ATP $ &
04
lls yl$ ^lZ *V Ol$]l ATP $ & 02
MS
&
02
2. {MS ]l$ () {sMS B]l$ ]l$.
{MS]l$() {sMS B]l$ ]l* . l{MS MS]l$V$. O$MS B]l$
Ol$sZM>{yl*Z ^l ]l*{MSZ BMSMS ^ll$l$. l {MS ]l$ As$
^l$:
GOs MGOg l$ & G
O $MS B]l$
(2C)
(3C)
CO2
{sM B]l$
(6C)
CO2
]l:
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
& ]lyl$ MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl O$MS B]l$ ]l$_ JMS M>l, M>l Oyl BMSyl V>
BMSMS ^l yl$ MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl GOs MGOgl$&A V>
]l*$l$.
& GOs M GOgl$&A Ol$sZM>{yl*Z $VS$ MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl BM>Z
GsMS B]l$ MS B$ MS]l ]l*$]l#$ Eyl {sMS B]l$ Hyl$l$.
& l>l ^lZ {sMS B]l$ ]l$_ yl$ MS]l]l$ M>l Oyl *MSyl$V> BMSMS
^l W BM>Z GsMS B]l$ Hyl$l$.
& BM>Z GsMS B]l$ W GOs M GOgl$&A MS {sMS B]l$ Hyl
K ]l$ M]lVS$l$. Al$]l {sMS B]l$ ]l$ A As$.
& O$MS B]l$ Z O{yfl$ NAD, FAD MS$ ^layl NADH, FADH2$V>
]l*.
& { K ]l$ N l] yl > 4NADH, FADH2 , JMS GTP (ATP ]lsl)
Hyl$l$.
& JMS VS*Mg ]l$_ 8 NADH$, 2FADH2$, 2 GTP $ Hyl.
3. >{MS$ > CO2 yl$l]l#l$l {*VS NMSV> *^lyl?
f. El: >{MS$Z CO2 yl$l]l#l$l *^lyl.
MS>$@& 1. lyl$ ]l Eyl V st y$ E]l V>k $.
2. yl$ _]l MS$$ 3. $]l# lr 4.yl l $
5. lM l$l$]l l$. 6.hl.
]l:
1. lyl$ ]l Eyl V st y$ E]l yl$ V>k $M sZ $]l#
lr ]l _]l MS$ E^.
2. JMS V>k Z l$MSl$l$]l l, y Z yl l E^. V>
^ylMS$y $ y ]l, h N*.
3. MSlMS$y yl$ k$ E^.
]l:
lMSl$l$]l l$]l Z A]l$a]l MS $]l#lr lV> ]l*$l$.
yl l$]l Z A]l$a]l MS E]l $]l# lrZ tOl$]l ]l*$ MS^ll$.
>:
lMSl$l$]l l$ >{MS$ fyl ]l CO2 yl$lO. A $]l# lr]l$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
lV>, ]l*a.
$MS:
C6H12 O6 + 6O2 6Co2 + 6H2o + 686 k.cal.
www.sakshieducation.com
>:
lMSl$l$]l l$ >{MS$ fyl ]l E~{VSl l$]lyl. l>$r ylVS
W. st >{MS$Z E~{VSl yl$l]l#l$l ^l]l^l$a.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
7.
8.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R$ N^lyl
1. VSM> > VS*Mg A$]l# ]l$_ .............. O$MS B]l$ A$]l#$ Hyl.
(yl$)
2. A, l >{MS$Z lls l .............. (VSM>)
3. VSM>MS$ ............. A]l Eyll$. (BMSfl)
4. VSM> .......... Z f$VS$l$. (MS{l]l)
5. VSM>Z ............ ATP$ *Wyl. (yl$)
6. VSM> > ........... ATP$ Hyl. ($VS$)
7. FAD As .............. (l AylOll Oyl]l*MS*Osyl)
8. {MS ]l$ Ol$sZM>{yl* ................Z f$VS$l$. (]l*{MS)
9. {MS ]l* ............... ]l$ A MS*y As$. ({sMS B]l$)
10. GTP As .................. (V>l {ss)
11. JMS ATP f ^ll ................ MS MS ]l$. (7200)
12. 38 ATP$ f ^ll ^l MS VS*MgZ ]l Eyl ll MSZ
................. >l. (40)
13. NADH, FADH2 $ BMSMS ^ls ......... lV> M>. (BMSfl)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
1) yl 2) 3) 4)yl 5) 6) G 7) 8) G 9) 10)
fl$^l$r
(1)
{VS*&
( ) G. BMSylsl ll
( ) . VSM>
( ) . 2 ATP$
( ) yl. {l$MS $]l#$
( ) C. {sMS B]l$ ]l$
{VS*&G
1. O$MS B]l$
2. >{MS$Z ATP Hylyl
3. {MSt$
4. FADH2
5. . l{MS
f$$
1) 2) G 3) yl 4) 5) C
(2)
(
(
(
(
(
{VS*&
G. 2 ATP $
. MSMS MS>V>>$
. 7,200 MSZ$
yl. {MS OMS
C. 3 ATP$
)
)
)
)
)
f$$
{VS*&G
1. {sMS B]l$ ]l$
2. ATP ]l$_ ^l MS
3. Ol$sZM>{yl*
4. NADH
5. VSM> MS
1) yl 2) 3) 4) C 5) G
(3)
{VS*&G
1. 38 ATP$
2. VSM>
3. V>l{s s
4. l AylOll Oyl ]l*MS*syl
5. G{M>tl
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*&
G. 4 ATP $
. 2,73, 600 cal.
. {l$MS $]l#$
yl. GTP
C. FAD+
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
1) 2) G 3) yl 4) C 5)
MSMS ]lN
VSM = ^lMSP, Ol = _e]l (VSM>)
VS*Mg A$]l# yl$ O$MS B]l$ A$]l#$V> ]l*yl & VSM>.
A, l >{MS$ l$r$t & VSM>.
VSM> Z *VSyl ATP$ &02
VSM> _]l Hyl ATP$ &04
VSM > MS & 02 ATP $
VSM > Z Hyl NADH$ &02
O$MS B]l$ A$]l# Z MS]l]l$ CO2 $V> BMSMS ^llyl, O{yfl$ NAD,
FADMS$ MSyl. {MS ]l$. . l {MS D $]l ^l$ MS]l$V]lyl&
$ $]l$
O $MS B]l$ ]l$_ K MS]l CO2 V> BMSMS ^ll Hyl
& GOs M GOgl$&A
GOs M GOgl$& A Ol$sZM>{yl* BM>Z GsMS B]l$ MS]lyl ]l Hyl &
{sMS B]l$
{MS ]l* {sMS B]l$ ]l$ A As$.
O$MS B]l$ {MS ]l$Z Y]lyl > Hyl& 4NADH $, FADH2 , JMS ATP.
VS*Mg A$]l# ]l$_ {MS ]l$ > Hyl& 8 NADH $, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP$.
{MS ]l$ ]lMS$ JMS VS*Mg A$]l# ]l$_ Hyl NADH $ 10, FADH2 $ 02,
6 ATP $.
NADH BMSMS > 3ATP$, FADH2 BMSMS > 2 ATP $ .
NADH, FADH2 $ G{M>tl Z Y NV> BMSMS ^ll$.
JMS VS*Mg NV> BMSMS ^ll Hyl ATP $ &40
JMS VS*Mg NV> BMSMS ^ll ATP MS& 38.
JMS ATP f > ^lMS & 7,200 MSZ$.
38 ATP f ]l ^l MS & 2,73,600 MSZ$.
273.6 k.cal MS VS*MgZ Eyl ll MSZ 40 >l.
>{MS$]l$ ${^l M>M> Al$]l
11.
12.
13.
14.
10.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
28.
29.
30.
27.
25.
26.
23.
24.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
fl$]l#Z& >{*$
MSMS ]l]l$
1 ]l*$P {$.
1. HMS MS i]l#Z {l_]lr$V> $MS i]l# ZMS BMSfl {lSV> {l^lyl
l M>l$. Gl$]l?
f. $MS i]l# ^l MS Er$. $MS i]l#Z MS$ $s
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2.
f.
3.
f.
4.
f.
5.
f.
6.
f.
7.
f.
8.
f.
9.
f.
10.
f.
11.
f.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
14.
f.
15.
f.
2 ]l*$P {$
12.
f.
13.
f.
www.sakshieducation.com
6.
f.
5.
f.
4.
f.
& ^l$r*t Eyl sZ BMSfl V>ll, i]l Z MSs GMS$P]lV> Er$. Al$]l
s ]l$_ BMSf A$ ZMS ^ll$l$.
& A$ i]lZ B BMSMS ]l M>lOyl BMSyl Hyl$l$. CO2
V>ll ^l$r*t E]l sZ MSs i]lZ GMS$P]l A]l#l$. Al$]l CO2
A$ ]l$_ ^l$r*t E]l sZMS ^ll$l$.
]l]l & ^l>{MS$]l$ ]l^lyl?
1. ]l]lZ ^l ]l*{ll$ >VS
2. ^l > >{MS$]l$ ^l$Ms A Gyl* lylV> Ey, ^lZ
V> MS$ Ey.
3. Z A MSgMS$ BMSfl]l$ > ^l $l ]l]l MS
{l]lZ l*Vl M W Er$.
4. Gyl$ lylV> Eyl ^l > $s ]l$_ MSZMS BMSfl ]l
^ll$l$. Al lV> MS ]l$_ CO2 $rMS$ ]l ^ll$l$.
>{MS$ $l ]l]l l]l ^l> G $V> lylV> E^l$MVS$VS$l$?
& ]lyl$ $V> ]l]l l]l ^l> Gyl$ l]l$V> E^l$MVS$VS$l$.
& ]l]l MS$yMS, BMS ]l$l {l> MS$ As$.
MS$ MS$ {l]l yl Er$. MS$ {l]l ^l $l Eyl
x{ > $rMS$ ]l_a ^l> lylV> E^l$l$.
& ]l]l ^lZ {VSl$$ Es. C {_ ^l $lMS$
yl]l, s {VS_, s GMS$P]l M> $#M, ^l GylMS$y
E^l$MS$r$.
& ]l]l lZ ZOl]l $Z ]l^lyl ]l, $Z l]l$V>, ^lV>
Eylr]l ^l ]l$_ $ B M>MS$y Er$.
JMS MS$M> EV> $M ^l > {MS$]l$ ]l^lyl?
E: MS.
& MSZ ^l Al]l# $ A]l$l >]l$]l.
& sZ]l*, l$l ^l MSMS$ ]lQ >]l$]l.
& MS Gyl$ ^l> lylV> E^l$MS$r$, ^lZ MS$ MSW Er$.
& ^l> l]l$V> E^l$M]lyMS MS$ l$^l$V> sZMS l.
& MS ^lZ {VSl$$ {. ^l $lMS$ _, s
$aM ^l GylMS$y M>yl$l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5. sMS
6.
7. >$
8. > MS$
9. Fl$$
10. ]l*]l]l# VZ ]l# ]l*yl ^l*^l r.
f.
* {$
1. MS (MSrM>$) ]l]l]l$ ]l~^lyl?
f. 1. MS >]l]l AlMS Vst ]ls > Hyl Er$.
$ >{$ Al *MS{ > C$ SV>Z
l^l$M Es.
2. 10 fl >{$ MSr lV> Es.
3. { >{l ""H{s$'' Al _]l VSZMS l$^l$Mr$. H{s$ ]l$_
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
llol$.
K Ol#]l Eyl MS B$l M>y H$.
Z $, MS$V> f]l ^l MSgZMS ^^l$aM
.
MS EbeS, >{MS$Z MS$yl MSlMS$ $yl.
EbZ >{$, H{s$, , MS > $sV>
MSgZMS ]l_a]l#yl$ MS $^l Vyl > V>Z CO2 MSZMS
]l ^ll$l$.
>Z MSgZ CO2 MSZ V>ZMS ]l ^ll$l$.
MS$, , H{s$, >{ > ># V> $rMS$
l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
5.
6.
>{MS$
Al>{MS$
>{MS$Z llsl
1. >{MS$Z yl]l l
Z yl$ l$ Es. A 2. Z El$ Eyl]l#.
G) EbeS]l ) >.
3. M>MS, MSgMS ]l$l ]l#
Fl$MS$ M>MS ]l$l ]l# ]l*yl f$VS$l$.
(O2, CO2) ]l*yl f$VS$l$.
4. MS ]l$_ O2 MSgZMS lyl,
BMSfl MSZMS >]lyl, M>lOyl MSg ]l$_ CO MSZMS >]lyl &
2
BMSyl M> ]llyl & Al >{MS$
>{MS$
5. MS ]l$_ O2 MSgZMS lyl
V> () s ]l$_ O2 MSZMS 6. CO MSg ]ll, MSZMS
2
>]lyl
>]lyl.
CO2 M> yl_ $rMS$ ]lyl
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
www.sakshieducation.com
25.
26.
27.
28.
$O_eMS {$
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
1.
6.
21.
22.
23.
24.
8.
9.
10.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
fl$^l$r
(1)
{VS*&G
1. Fl$$
2. ^l>{MS$
3. A$
4. MS
5. l {l
()
()
()
()
()
{VS*&
G)
)## >{MS$
)MS
yl)]l]l
C) $
g $$
1) 2) yl 3) G 4) C 5)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
(2)
{VS*&G
1. {VSl$$
2. l rMS$
3. M>$
4. MS${l]l
5. ]l*yl
()
()
()
()
()
{VS*&
G)^l$
)]l]l
)MS
yl)^l>{MS$
C)Fl$$
()
()
()
()
()
{VS*&
G) V>Vrt
)F
) MS
yl) ]l$l$ ^l$
C) MSu
f$$
1) 2) G 3) C 4) 5) yl
(3)
{VS*&G
1. > {$
2. C{MS
3. E hMS
4.
5. N>
f$$
1) 2) yl 3) C 4) G 5)
MSMS ]lN
www.sakshieducation.com
16.
17.
15.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
6.
7.
syl >.
3. ^l>{MS$ &
^l
& ]l]l, fVS, MS, ]l*yl
]ls E$i]l#$.
4. >{MS$& $ & MSrM>$.
>{MS$Z yl$ l$ & >{MS$, Al >{MS$.
V> MS $ ]l$_ BMSfl >{$ZMS {l^l$r, >{$ ]l$_ BMSfl
MSZMS lyl, MS Z CO2 MS ]l$_ V> MS sZMS >]lyl& >{MS$.
MS Z O2 MSZMS, MSZ CO2 MSZMS >]lyl &Al >{MS$.
>{MS$ Z l$ 1. E^eS 2. >
V> () $ >{*ZMS {l^lyl&E^eS
V> () $ >{* ]l$_ $rMS$>]lyl&>
A$Z >{MS$&.
^l ]l*{ll$ >{$V> Eyl fl$]l#$&]l]l, fVS (AMS$M>$)
^l> A]l$l () $ () Al]l# >VSV> Eyl fl$]l#$ & MS,
]l*yl (MS$M>$)
^l > >{MS$ fV>s& A Gyl$ lylV> Ey, MSMS MS]l$ MSW
Ey.
MS$ {l]l x{ > ^l OMS ^lyl, ^lZ {^l
MS$ylyl, $ llO]l A>$ ]l]l ^l> Gyl* l]l$V>
E^l$.
^lZ {VSl$$ Eylr, l^l$ sZMS l >]lyl ]ls A>$ MS ^l>
Gyl* lylV> E^l$.
{XM> $]l (MS) l {l&MS
M> $]l (MS) M> {l&M
M> $]l ]l$$Z MS$ ^l >{MS$ $l Byl.
]l]lZ l*Vl&MSZ Z Er$.
MSrM>$ ^l >{MS$]l$ ^l$M]l#.
M>$
&
^l A]l l Af^l MS Eylr.
&
MSZ l*Vl MS]lyl
&
A l]l$V> {^l MS Eylr.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
M>
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
{l l
6CO2 + 12H2O
1.]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4. >{MS$Z B >$ H?
f. MSf]l *VS{MS$Z Hyl]l yl >$ (VS*Mg), BMSfl >{MS$MS$ B
>$.
5. MSf]l *VS{MS$, >{MS$Z yl$l A]l MS H lV> $]l ^l$yl$l$?
f. MSf]l *VS{MS$, >{MS$Z yl$l A]l MS ATP, NADPH2 Z MS GMS$P]lV>
Eyl Z $]l ^l$yl$l$.
2 ]l*$P {$
1. M> MSMS BMSMS llMS$ ]l$l l H$s?
M> MS
BMSMS ll
1. C MSf]l *VS{MS$Z 1. C >{MS$Z f$VS$l$.
f$VS$l$.
2. C Ol$sZM>{yl*Z
2. C l$]l#Z f$VS$l$ f$VS$ l$.
3. Z M> MS
3. Z VS*Mg]l$ BMSMS
*W^lyl > ATP
^lr > ATP El
El A]l#l$.
A]l#l$.
2. >{MS$Z Hyl]l 'NADPH2' MSf]l *VS{MS$Z Hyl]l 'NADPH2' MSs G
]lV> Er$?
f. MSf]l *VS{MS$Z NADPH2
>{MS$Z NADPH2
1. s A$]l#Z O {yfl
1. yl >Z O{yfl ]l$_
E*W^l$M NADP, NADPH2 V>
NADPH2 Hyl$l$.
S$MS A]l#l$.
2. MSZ ^lMS$
2. MS]l l$ l*MS
E*V yl$l$.
E*VSyl$l$.
3. MSZ H VSZ MSf]l *VS{MS$, >{MS$ f$VS$?
f. 1. MSZ l $]l#Z MSf]l *VS{MS$ f$VS$l$.
2. >{MS$ MSZ i]lZ]l* Ol$sZM>{yl*Z]l$ f$VS$l$.
4. MSMS _]ll ]lMS$ MSf]l *VS{MS$MS$, >{MS$MS$ ]l$l l H$s?
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSf]l *VS{MS$
1. MSf]l *VS{MS$Z M>
MS ^lyl$l$.
2. MSf]l *VS{MS$Z M>
MS $]l MSV> ]l*$l$.
3. M> MS E*W_ ATP
El ^l$.
>{MS$
1. >{MS$Z MS yl$l
A]l#l$.
2. >{MS$Z $]l MS V>,
VS$MS V> Cl ^lM
yl$l ^l$.
3. VS*Mg]l$ BMSMS ^l ATP
El ^l$.
4 ]l*$P {$
1. MSf]l *VS{MS$, >{MS$ ]l$l ]l$ >$yl?
f.
MSf]l *VS{MS$
>{MS$
2. A lZ f$VS$l$.
3. >{MS$ MS$y H i M $$
MS*y i^ll$.
4. i Z A MS$ >{MS$
f$#.
5. i],Ol$sZM>{yl*Z
l >{MS$ f$VS$l$. MS
*M> A]l l$.
6. D ^lZ MS yl$l A]l#l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
6CO2 + 12H2O
M>
{l l
15.
>{MS$
7. yl >$, MS]l>$ BMSfl
*VS A]l#.
8. BMSfl *VS ^l, CO2 yl$l
A]l#l$.
9. i $]l#]l$ lWY$.
10.MS, VS$MS Cl ^l M
yl$l ^l$.
11.VS*Mg]l$ BMSMS ^l ATP El
^l$.(BMSMS MS
BMSylsl l).
12. C _e]l {MS$.
13. NADPH2, ATP $ MSZ ^lMS$
E*VSyl.
14. yl >Z O{yfl ]l$_
NADPH2 Hyl$l$.
7. CO2,
MSf]l *VS{MS$
H2O ]l >$.
k.cal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
R]l$ N^lyl
www.sakshieducation.com
7. sZ .............. Z f$VS$l$.
f$$
1) MSrMS
2) >{MS$
3) l $]l#, 4) B
6) i]l, Ol$sZM>{yl* 7) MSf]l *VS{MS$
5) BMSfl
$O_eMS {$
f$$
2)
3)
4) G
1)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
l fl$]l#Z ]l]l$
MSMS ]l]l$
MS { ]l]l:
^el MS { ]l]l:
l MS { ]l]l:
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
HMS]l$ {:
^lZ l$ > MS JMS {]l$. D lOl$]l MS { HMS]l$
{ As$. D ]l]l HMS]l$ MS { ]l]l As$.
]l$ MS { ]l]l:
1.
f.
2.
f.
3.
f.
4.
f.
1. ]l*$P {$
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
.
6. ## > Fl$ ]l$_ B]l$f l MS Gyl]l$ MS~MSZMS ^l$l$.
7. B]l$f l, B]l$f l M>$ fuMSZ MS ${]l$ MS Hyl$l$.
8. fuMS M^l ^l M> ]l$l]l$ZMS #l$.
9. > ${]l$MS A V>MS$ > A]l#l$.
3. E]ll fl$]l#Z l$ ]l* ]l^lyl?
(]l*a 2008)
^l
E$i (MS)
(yl)
S MS Sl
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5 ]l*$P {
1. MS l$ & > r X_, V>]l$ VS$^lyl?
N ]l$$
>
]l$
R]l$ N^lyl.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
1)/ i]l MSlMS 2) 3) t MS 4) ElMS
5) l*]l 6)yl$, ]lyl$ VSl$ 7) fuMS 8) ## l$ 9) fuMS
10) ^lZ 11) MSZ 12) l$# 13) l$V>PMS 14) ]l$ 15)
16) l$#,
$O_eMS {$
1. Z K ^r El A l ^r$MS$ A$.
G) BMSfl
)
)]l$
yl)A*yll
2. Z H ]l]lMS ^ll$l$? (]l*a 99)
G)i~]l]l
) jMS ]l]l ) yl ]l$yl yl)]l]l
3. G{ MSMS$ i. (]l*a 03, l 04)
G) MS
) ]l]l ) ]l
yl) l]l$
4. > lMS _?
G) Fl$$ )l$lyl$
)l$
yl) l$
5. ]l]lZ M> MS^l.
G) El MS )tMS ) MS$ yl) ]l$l]l$
6. ]l]lZ M> > ^l?
G) ]l$l]l$ ) tMS ) El MS yl) >
7. ]lyl$ VSl$ l$ Eyl fl$]l#?
G) yl
) MS
) M>MS
yl) MS$MSP
8. MSZ M> l$ZMS yMS $yl? (l 2000)
G) MSyl>$
) l$ MSyl>$
) >M> MSyl>$
yl) E@MS$ MSyl>$
9. AN~V> f]l ^l]l fuMS Eyl fl$]l#?
G) M>MS
)
) Js
yl) yl
10. l$# MS Eyl fl$]l#?
G) yl
) ]l]l ) MS
yl) MS
11. MS Mr>$ Eyl fl$]l#?
G) ]l]l
) MS
) MSrM>$
yl) ]l*yl
12. 13 VSl$ l$ Eyl fl$]l#?
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
G) fVS
) ]l]l ) ^l
yl) M
13. { MS { ]l]l Eyl i?
G) ]l]l
) MS
) ^l
yl) M
14. E$ i]l#Z ]l$$ MS H>r$ ^l? (l 2006)
G) MS$yl MS~MS
) Gyl]l$ MS~MS ) fuMS
yl) >
15. AN~V> f]l ^l]l $VS$ VSl$ VS$yl MSW]l i?
G) MS
) M
) ]l
yl) ]l#
5)
14) yl
6)
7)
15)
fl^lyl:
8) 9) yl 10) yl
1)
2) yl 3) 4) yl
11)
12)
13) yl
f$$@
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*&
G) $VS$ VSl$ VS$yl
) yl$ VSl$ VS$yl
) ]lyl$ VSl$ VS$yl
yl) 13 VSl$ VS$yl
C) AN~Ol$]l $VS$ VSl$ VS$yl
G) JMS VS VS$yl
h) MS VS$yl
(
(
(
(
(
{VS*& G
1. ^l
2.MS
3.yl
4.S
5.MS
f$$
1)
2)
3) C
4) G
5) yl
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*]l]l l$& $
MSMS ]l]l$
www.sakshieducation.com
1. ]l*$P {$
4.
f.
5.
f.
6.
f.
1.
f.
2.
f.
3.
f.
2. ]l*$P {$
1. ]l*]l]l l$ S$ ]l^lyl?
f. 1. l$ Z$V> Eyl A]l$]l. C E@ MS$ ]l$lZ MV> Gyl]l$ MSPMS$
Er$.
2. C l$ MSyl (Cardiac muscle) ^lyl.
3. C {$gM>V> Er$. A{VSVS (MS*_V> Eyl VS) MS Ol#MS$, lyl$
VS O Ol#MS$ Es.
4. ]l*]lV> l$ ]l* B ]lMS ylMSl Er$.
2. l*]l VS$_ >$yl?
f. 1. l$ ^l$r*t yl$ $V> l*]l (Pericardium) Er$.
2. D yl$ ]l$l Eyl MS$> l*]l MS$ As$.
3. l*]l MS$Z l* ]l {l]l Er$.
4. l*]l, l*]l {l]l, l* MS$ ]l$_, l ]l$_
S.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
R]l$ N^lyl
f$$
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
$O _eMS {$
1. AN~V> f]l ^l]l fuMS E]l i]l#$?
G) ^l$
) MS$
) $
2. lZ AylzMS$yll VS$ylr$ $?
G) ## l]l$ ) l$ l]l$ ) l$
3. $VS$ VSl$ l$ MSY]l i]l#$?
www.sakshieducation.com
yl) S$$
yl) ##
www.sakshieducation.com
G) ^l$, S$$
) E$ i]l#$, $
) $, S$
yl) S$$, S$
4. l*MS B]l$f l M> l^la?
G) ## l]l$ ) ]l$
) l$
yl) ##
5. ]l*]l]l#Z N ]l$ l ]l$_ M> {VS$?
G) A V>$
) l,M>$
) ^ll$$,M>$
yl) l, l$yl
2.
3. yl
4. yl
5. yl
1.
f$$
)
)
)
)
)
{VS* &
G) VS$yl MS$yl ]l$_ B]l$f l M> MS$
) VS$yl MS$yMS B]l$f l M> $.
) l O VS ]l$_ B]l$f l M> MS$
yl) l MS V> ]l$_ B]l$f l M> MS$
C) Fl$ ]l$_ B]l$f l M> MS$
G) Al l]l$
h) A l
{VS* & G
1. N ]l$ (
2. ]l$ (
3. ##
(
4. l$ (
5. l$ l]l$ (
fl$^l$r
f$$
1. 2. yl 3. C 4. G 5.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSMS ]lN
^l$
MS$(E$ i]l#$)
yl, ]l ($)
S$$, S$
]l]l
MS
l, ]ll
MS, V]l$
]l]l
]l]l
MS (MSrM>$)
^l$
^l$
MS,]l*yl
1. yl$ VSl$ l$
2. ]lyl$ VSl$ l$
3. AN~ fuMS E]l i]l#$
4. $VS$ VSl$ l$
5. 8 fl l$
6. 13 VSl$ l$
7. VS$ MS
8. ]l~ l MS/l$# VS$ MS
9. l*Vl Z Er$
10. G{MS MS$ i
11. MS Mr>$
12. f >l$
13. HMS ]l$ MS {
14. >
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*]l]l l$ Al>
]l*]l]l l$ & ^l ]l
MSMS ]l]l$
& l$Z $VS$ VSl$$ JMS ]l$_ ]l$MSs fM> > f]l
^ll$.
& MS$yl, Gyl]l$ MS~MS$ $]l#V> Eyl MS~M>l fMS > f]l ^ll$.
.
MS$yl MS~MSZ B]l$f l MS, Gyl]l$ MS~MSZ B]l$f l MS MS]lMS$y
MS~M>l fMS ^l$.
& MS$yl, Gyl]l$ fuMS$ fuM>l fMS ]l f]l ^ll$. MS$yl fuMSZ,
B]l$f l MS, Gyl]l$ fuMSZ B]l$f l MS MSMS$y fuM>l
fMS ^l$.
l$ MSs$:
l$ l]l:
MS yl]l:
H yl]l MSZ MS {]l$ MS yl]l (Blood Pressure) As$.
Oll$$ MS yl V> ]l* $r Al MS M$$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
5.
f
4.
f
1.
f
2.
f
3.
f
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4.
f
5.
f
4 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
5 ]l*$P {$ (r)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl
1. ]l*]l]l# ]l*]l MSyl]l 120/80Z O Q .............. yl l$#l$.
(]l*a 2004, l 02)
2. Oll$$ MSyl ................. Al MS M$$. (]l*a 2000)
3. ...............Z AylzMS$$ Hyll VS$ylr$ $. (l 2005)
4. ]l*]l]l Z .............. Al l]l$.
5. ## ]l$l]l$ ............... ]l$_ $$l$l$.
6. MSyl]l .............Z MSs .............Z GMS$P]l.
7. ............., l*Vl A MS]llV> l*$.
f$$
1) tMS yl]l 2) V ]l*$r 3) l$ l]l$ 4) OlMS l]l$
5) MS$yl fuMS 6) , l]l$]l$ 7) BMSfl, M>lOylBMSyl
$O_eMS {$
1. Gyl]l$ MS~MS, Gyl]l$ fuMS ]l$l Eyl MSr? (l 2003)
G) ${]l$ MSr
) A{VS{l$ MSr
) A ^l{M> MSr
yl) # MSr
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
2)
fl^lyl
4) yl
{VS* G
l$ l]l
MSyl]l
A{VS{l$ MSr
A{VSl$ MSr
l$ M^l, ylMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3) yl
5) yl
1) G
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. V ]l*$r$
. M> MS$yl MS~MS ]l$_ MS$yl fuMSZ $
. t
yl. l$ MSyl
C. Gyl]l$ MS~MS ]l$_ Gyl]l$ fuMSZMS M>
$.
G) M> MS$yl fuMS ]l$_ ## l]l$ZMS
$
f$$
1)
2) G
3)
4) C
6)
5) y
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MS MS$
*MOr$
*MS MSMS$
G{Or$
{V>]l$ZOr$
Gy
]l*{sZ
G{V>]l$ZOr$
Or$
l*Or$
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
1.
f
2.
f
3.
f
4.
f
-
2 ]l*$P {$
1. G{ As H$s? (l 2004)
f & lZ G{ MSMS$ ylOl]l A ]l$fjZ Hyl. yl lZ C M>$,
Z Hyl.
& G{ MSMS El G{ As$.
2. "G{ MSMS >]l sMS' A l]ls$? Gl$]l? (l 2001)
f & G{ MSMS >]l sMS As$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
& C 12 ]l$_ 13 k$ i.
& AW]l l MSMS$ MS, M>$, {l]lZ _e]l A]l#.
& C ZMS {l_]l {MS]l]l$ MS.
R]l$ N^lyl.
Z ........... {l]l*Z Eyl MSg. (]l*a 2008, 2006)
............ MSZ ]l*lMS. (AMt 99)
MSZ l*Vl ................ ................ l*$MS$l$. (]l*a 1999)
G{ MSMS$ El .............. As$. (l 2006, 2001, ]l*a 2007)
G{ MSMS$ ................. MSW Eylyl ]l, G{V> Es. (]l*a 2007, l
2000)
............. MS Z *MS SMSr$$ As$. (l 2004)
MS VSylzMSrtylZ ................ {]lQ {l ]l. (l 2003, 2002)
............... {]l Ol As$. (l 2005)
MS Z ............... MSg. (]l*a 2006)
l MSMS AsZ]l$ A_]l................ (l 2000)
f$$
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
$O_aMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
fl^lyl
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
G{
C
{l]l* MSg
Ol
l*Os
1) yl 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) yl 7) yl 8) G
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. Al MS$
. G{ MSMS El
. MS
yl. 0.9% yl$ MOyl
C. Gj {^l]l$ B#r
G. MS]l >$
h. VS*Mg
f$$
1) 2) C 3) 4) yl 5) G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSMS ]lN
G{
MS
Ol
yl$ BMSs, yl$ {ss
l
l MSMS$
Gy
]l*{sZ
l*Os
Or$
l*Or$
Or$
]l*{sZ
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
G{ MSMS$
{l]l* MSg
0.9% yl$ MOyl
M> VSylzMSrt]l $$
MSZ MS VSylzMSrt]l
G{ MSMS >]l sMS
SMS MS$
yl$ ll$$yl MS{lMS
"S' BM># MS{lMS
5 () 6 ll$$ Eyl MS{lMS
]l{lyM> MS{lMS
l MSMSsZ _]l
l MSMS sZ l
AIDsS]l ]l$^l MS$
*S SMS r$$
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Donors)
MM $
M { : JM M M> M MM, A > GMP^y M { As$.
V$^a M : M $* My$ G{M M$ JM JMs ^ f
V$^aV> (Clumps) Hyz$$. M M$ V$#$V> Hys V$^aM$$ (Agglutination)
As$.
1900 Z M> y t M >Y$ M$V$.
G{MM$, Z Ey { fM>$ { M> $ fV ^ V$^aM
f$V$$.
{ fM>$ (Antigens) G{M M ^ $ Es$$. { M>$ (Antibodies)
Z Es$$.
*#Z 4 M >Y$$$. A.
1. M Y 'A'
2. M Y 'B'
3. M Y 'AB'
4. M Y 'O'
$ : 'O' M Y M M$Z G{ M M $ { fM>$ Ey#. D M>
{V_ Z M V$^e$ Hy#. A$^ 'O' Y M$ s$. (Universal
1 *$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5.
f.
4.
f.
3.
f.
1.
f.
2.
f.
2 *$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4 *$P {$
M Y
'A'
G{M M$ { fM$$
Z {M
A,B
'B'
'AB'
#
A, B
*#Z M >Y$ $V$ . A
1. M Y 'A'
2. M Y 'B'
3. M Y 'AB'
4. M Y 'O'
1. M Y 'A' : D Y M$Z G{ M M $ { fM 'A', Z {
M 'B' #s$$.
'O'
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R N^ y
f$$
$O_eM {$
1. M> y t Mst.
(April 08)
G) M M$
) M >Y$
) M $
2. JM M M> $ MM > GMP$?
G) MV
) $$
)
3. { fM>$ 'A' , 'B' y$ M Y (Mar.03)
G) 'O'
) 'A'
) 'B'
4. M V$^aMM M>$O ^
www.sakshieducation.com
y) MZ {s$$
(June 08)
y) $
y) 'AB'
www.sakshieducation.com
G) & { M$$
) { M$$ & $
5. MZ { fM>$y
G) *Os
)
6. MZ { M>$y
G) G{ M M$ ) C
) { & { fM$$
y) { fM$$ & { M$$
) Os
y) G{ Os
y)
f$$
1. 2. 3. G 4. y 5. y 6.
f$$
(
(
(
(
(
{V* &
) G. 'O' M Y
) . M Z V$#$ Hyy
) . M> y t
) y. y
) C. M> GMP^ y
G. 'AB' M Y
i. y M>
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{V* & G
M >Y$
M {
{V
M V$^a M
f ^$r
1. 2. C 3. G 4. G
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
M >Y$
M V$#$V> Hyy
{ fM>$
{ M>$
$
{V$
A,B { fM>$
5.
MM N
& M> y t
& M V$^aM
& G{M M$
&
& 'O' M Y MW M$$
& 'AB' M Y MW M$$.
& 'AB' M Y
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Rh
M>M>M { M>$
8. A,B { fM>$ #
& 'O' M Y
9. M {
&
10. Ay f_ M $ $# $M M> &
Hyr
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
$$MPZ ${, $$
MM $
JMP *$P {$
1.
f.
2.
f.
3.
As H$s ?
i#$ >Z *$M$ _, A${M$$ {^ As$.
A{V>M As H$s?
A{VM>M, M>M> $V$$ A ^$ A{V>M As$.
AM As H$s ?
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
y$ *$P {$
1. E "' $ ^y?
f. { Ey i#$ (f$#$, $$MP$, *Mi#$) >Z *$M$
_, A${M$$ {$$. D As$.
& C i# A $$Q$O .
& E$ :1. $$$ M r MPM$ fVy.
2. yZ $V$$ $$MP M> O# W Vy.
3. Z $V$$ sZ sM Mt*O# M> M
{g#y$, Mt* M> M O#M$ My
2. $V$ ${M >$ As H$s? E$$?
f. A M$P V>Z ^*, $$MP $V$$ $$ ^ >$
$V$ ${ M >$ As$.
E$ & BM$, h$, OsZMO, AM B$, CO.
3. $$MPZ OsZMO {$$$ >$y?
f. & $$MPZ Mf, My# AM ^ >$ & OsZMO$.
& VV> A ^ MgZ ($, y$, $) E A#$$.
& BM M Mf$ { ^$$.
& BM$ * B ^, y$sM$ Q$ WY$$.
& M h, M s BM$M*$, #$ gV> Eyrr$ ^$$.
4. (ABA) AM B$ V$_ M$V> ^ y ?
f. & $$MPZ JM $V$ M & ABA
& $$VY$, $$, $$ {$.
& BM$$, #$, M>$$ >y ABA ^ $. $$MP { V>M BM$,
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f.
6.
5.
f.
* {$
www.sakshieducation.com
2.
f.
6.
7.
8.
9.
3.
f.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R$ N^ y
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
$O_eM {$
1. 2. b y 3. 2,4 D 4. M$# $$ 5. $
6. OsZMO$ 7. Cy GsM B$
8. A{V>M 9. M> A$
10.( ABA/AM B$) 11. OsZMO$ 12. M$P $$M
13. V$$$ $$ 14. C 15. (ABA/AM B$)
www.sakshieducation.com
G) *s
) {
) CO
y) Gr
11. D M Z $O M>
G) A{V>MM$ M> BM$
) ABA & $V$ M
) OsZMO$ M f {$$.
y) ABA & $$VY $$ $P$#$
12. F.W s _
G) OsZMO$ ) ABA
) BM
y) h
f$$
f^ y
{V* & G
1. b y
2. F.W s
3. AM $$
4. M f$
5. M$P
$$M f$
II
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
{V* &
G. $$VY$, $$ $
. M f
. $WY $
y. A{V>M
C. AM
{V* & G
1. BM$
2. h$
3. OsZMO$
4. AM B$
5. CO
{V* &
G. h$
.
. $V$ >$ &
y. BM
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
) C. OsZMO$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
III
MM N
{V* & G
{V* &
1. M> A$
( ) G. CO
2. { O> A
( ) . BM
3. BM$M*$, #$ gV> E^y( ) . h$
4. $$VY$, $, $ ( ) y. OsZMO$
5. $ $VYy
( ) C. h ABA
www.sakshieducation.com
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
1. ]l$ As H$s?
f Al{ {VSl$$ () {VSl$$ () l {VSl$$ {^l $]l
>]l$ ]l$ As$.
2. >MS MSg () >MS AVS As H$s?
f ]l$ ^lf MSg () AV> >MS MSg () >MS AVS
As$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
7.
f
8.
f
www.sakshieducation.com
* {$ (4 ]l*$P$)
1. {VS (r*r {VS) {^l ]l P, s ^l]l$ >$yl.
f & l$lyl$ EllZ VZ Ol]l$ Al V>MS JMS M>yl $
{VS AlMS_ Er$. C u> Wf ]l*Z Er$.
& Z Cl {VSl$$ D {VS B]lZl Es. M>st A
{]l {VS As$.
>MS MSg / AVS
]l$$
]l$
G]lMS$, AV>$ $VS$l
1. $VS$l l AlMS MSg$
(GH)
Ol>yl A]lr$ {VS A]lr$ {VS $VS$l,
2. Ol>yl
Ol>MSl , {]l
t]lsVS ]l$
(TSH)
]l {VSl$$
{]ll Sl
3. {MStl
{l^lyl
4. MSl t]lsVS f M>$, ]lP$ f M> $VS$l
D{tfl, {ht>l {
l (FSH)
{l^lyl,
AylY]lZ {l,
]lP $VS$l
AylYZ {l,
5. *sOlhVS l f M
{ht>l {
(LH)
{l^lyl
G{yl]l {VS $VS$l,
6. G{yl M>tM {sMS G{yl]l {VS
]l$ , {]l
l (ACTH)
]l {VSl$$, VS>$ {]l ]l$$Z VS>$
7. BMSsl
MS$yl M^$, S {]l
]l{lyl
j^l ]l{l ]l*
8. {l
lWY^lyl, MS yl
^lyl
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl.
www.sakshieducation.com
$O_eMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
) VS*M>V>l, BZzt>l
yl) VS*M>V>l, {ht>l
) {ht>l
) {ht>l, M>t
yl) FSH, {ht>l
f$$
1. 2. 3. G 4. 5. G 6. yl 7. 8. yl 9. 10. G 11.
fl^l$r
I.
II.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. >l
. $VS$l l
. Ol>MSl
yl. D{tfl
C. stt>l
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. yl*s Clyl
. AM>$l
. yl*s $r
yl. ${]l$ {VS
C. G{yl]ll
{VS* G
{VS
A]lr$ {VS
A]lr$ {VSl$$
]lP
ZfM
(
(
(
(
(
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
yl) G{yll
{VS* G
M]l$
A]lMSP l]l
{l
C]l$l
$VS$l l
(
(
(
(
(
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
III.
)
)
)
)
)
(
(
(
(
(
{VS*
G. stt>l
. O WMS l
. Ol>MSl lVSYyl
yl. >l VSyl
C. $VS$l l AMS]l$]lyl
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
{MSsf
ss
]l#MSl
AM>$l
D{tfl
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
2 ]l*$P {$
1. HM>j]l$, yl{ylr$ ]l$l >$yl. (l 08, 02, ]l*a 06)
f HM>j
1. { ylMSMS K HM>jl] $ Er$.
2. C yl]l#V> Er$, MS >Q$yl]l#
3. M HM>]l$$ Ol$l yl$VS$]l$ MSW Es.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
yl{ylr$
1. { ylMSMS JMSs ]l$_ AlMS l yl{ylr$$ Es.
2. C sVt > Er$. C AlMS >Q]l$ MSW Er$.
3. sZ Ol$l yl$VS$ Eyll$.
4 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl.
yl MSMS$ ......... MS$, MS > Alg. (l 06, 2000)
yl MSlZ ......... Al MSMS$s. (]l*a 03).
ylMSZ MSl ]l$_ ]l$ $MS$$ V> ......... As$. (]l*a 03)
* ]ls l$Z Ol ]l ]l^l ylMS$.......... (l 05)
Z, l$ fVS ]l*$]l$ yl]l$yl ......... > {VS$.
JMS {MS]l$Z Ol$l yl$VS$Z Eyl R]l$ ......... As$.
^MS yl$$ l$lyl$, ......... ]l$_ ]l$ MSyl> $M.
$MS ]l$_ {^l$ l]l$]lMS$ ......... yl > ^l.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
]l*$
$O_aMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
1) yl 2) 3) 4) 5) yl 6) 7)
fl^lyl
)
)
)
)
)
(
(
(
(
(
{VS*
G. ^MS yl$$
. gq]l yl$$
. 55 $ $t$
yl. ylMSl
C. AMSl ^l$
G. MS S^l
h. Ol$l yl$VS$ R$
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
MSMS$
{MS*lMS MSs
A yl$$
A yl$$
l MS$#$
1) yl 2) 3) G 4) 5) yl
]l*$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
$^l yl]l]l
l$lyl$
$ yl]l]l
MS{$ yl]l]l
yl]l]l
www.sakshieducation.com
II
1. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4. MS As H$s? H$s?
f. #{Z G]lMSZ Hyl]l sts > MS As$. C l$lyl$MS$ S
$.
5. lVS y As H$s? H$s?
f. ]l*]l]l#Z Eyl 12 fl MSyl$Z 10]l MSyl lVS (Vagus) yl As$. C
l$ l]l, M]l$ {VS { ${$.
2 ]l*$P {$
1. OVS, As H$s? s ]l MSVS E*VS H$s? (]l*a 01, 2000 l 04, 02,
01)
f & l$lyl$ El $l AlMS VSr$ Es. s OVS As$. OVS ]l$l Eyl
V>yl$]l$ As$.
& OVS ]l ]l$P Ol> $VS$l$. ]l GMS$P]l ylMS$ C$yl EylsMS
A]lM> MS$VS$l$.
2. ]l$P l$$ {l]l GMSPyl Er$? H$s?
f & l$lyl$, l]l$]l MSl* ]lyl$ l^$. sZ $s, ]l$l l^
]l$l ]l$P l$$ {l]l Er$.
& C l$lyl$MS$, l]l$]lMS$ MSVSMS$y S$.
& l$lyl$, l]l$]lZ MSMS$ MS >]l$ A$.
3. ]l*]l]l# l$lyl$ A* ]l$_ H lV> S l$? (l 2000)
f & l$lyl$ MS (Cranium) Al sts >Z Er$. MS
A*]l$_ l$lyl S$.
& l$lyl$ $s, ]l$l l^ ]l$l ]l$P l$$ {l]l Er$. C l$lyl$MS$
MSVSMS$y S$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5. ]l*$P {$ (r]l$)
4. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
E lt MS{l
{]l MS{l
{* MS{l
2. l]l$]l > VS$_ MS$V> >$yl? (l 08, ]l*a 03, 2000)
f. & l]l$]l yl]l#V>, *M>Z Er$.
& l$yl tl yl]l#V> (#), l]l$]lMS > C {*$.
& l]l$]lMSZ Eyl l]l$N$ MS MSVSMS$y S .
& l]l$]l ]l$lZ *yll VS$ "H" AS () MMS _MS
Er$.
& "H" Z ]l#yl Qy V>$ (Horns) As$. O ]l Eyl s t V>$ A
MSl Eyl s El V>$ A As$.
& *yll VS$ Z Eyl MS$ ylMS$ (Spinal Canal) As$. C
l]l$]lMS$ yl]l#V> Er$.
& C ]l$P l$$ {l]l yl Er$.
& l]l$]l ]l$_ 31 fl l]l$yl$$ El.
& l]l$]l, V> ]l$_ l$lyl$MS$, l$lyl$ ]l$_ V>MS$ ]l$
^ll$.
& C AMSl {M> ^lZ {]lQ {l ]l$.
R]l$ N#]l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
1. ]l$P l$$ {l]l 2. MS 3. lVS 4. ]l$P l$$ {l]l 5. l]l$]l
6. X$ 7. ]l$P 8. ]l$P 9. V
$O_eMS {$
f$$
1. yl 2. 3. 4. yl 5. 6. 7. 8. yl
fl^l$r
{VS* G
1. lVS yl
2. V
3. A]l$ ]l$P
{VS*
( ) G) M, l ${l
( ) ) BMS ${l
( ) ) ]l$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4. l$lyl$ O V r$
5. O l]l$
( ) yl) VO S
( ) C) l$lyl$, l]l$]l
G) l$ l]l
h) E~{VSl
f$$
1. G 2. G 3. 4. yl 5.
MSMS ]lN
& ]l$P
& VO S
& V
& O l]l$
& A]l$]l$P
& A]l$]l$P
& ]l$fj ]lQ
& 31 fl$
& 12 fl$
& 43 fl$
& lVS yl
& lVS yl
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
]ll$ l$lyl$
l$lyl$ O VSr$
M, l B]ll ${l
BMS, , E~ ${l
l]lMS l$lyl$
${l ^l$
>{MS$, l$l]l,
MSyl]l ${l
l]l$yl$$
MS yl$$
$ yl$$
10 ]l MSyl
l$ l]l, M]l${VS
{ ${l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
& AMSl {M> ^l$: lVSV> (Fast), lrl (Immediate) $V> (Automatic),
A{$lV> (Involuntary) ^l*^l ^l]l$ AMSl {M> ^l$
{{MS$ { ^l$ As$.
E: 1. GMS$P]l M> MS$l yl]l lrl MS$ ]l$M]lr
2. MSZMS l* HOl {l l$]l$r
3. l$]l MSuZMS l lVSYr AMSl {M> ^lMS$ E$.
& {{MS$ ^l>^ () {M> ^l>^
{M> ^l]l$ ^l*^l, >, {MS*lMS s {{MS$ ^l>^ ()
{M> ^l>^ As$.
& {M> ^l>^Z Al$ V>$ Es.
1. {V>MS (Receptor)
2. gql] yl (A yl)
3. ]l$l yl MS (Inter neuron)
4. ^MSyl (Ayl)
5. >MS AVS (Effector organ)
& { ^l$ yl$ M>$V> Es. A.
1. l ]l
l { ^l$ (Unconditional Reflexes)
2. l ]l
l { ^l$ (Conditional Reflexes)
& l]l l { ^l$:
1. C #r$tMS ]l^la { ^l$, s ]l$]l Ar$ ^l$M]lMSPl$.
2. EMS$ HOl]l lyl$ ]l$]l#]l$ MSl ^l l]lMS$P $MS$s.
& l]l l { ^l$:
1. C lV> {MS$^l]l#. JMS AlMS $ ^l$yl > s ]l$]l
{VS]l.
2. EMS$ g$Xl ]lV>l ]l$]l]l$l _ MS {l yl.
& ]l*]l]l l$lyl$:
& ]l*]l]l#Z l$lyl$ All$lOl$]l, AMStOl$]l > MS A]l$]l.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1. ]l*$P {$
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
& {M> ^l>^Z {V>MS, gq]l yl, ]l$l ylMS, ^MSyl, >MS
AVS Es.
3. l$lyl$MS$ Eyl l]l MS VS$_ MS$V> >$yl? (IMP)
f & l$lyl$MS AlMS Al$l MS$$. Al$Z l]l MS JMSs.
& MS, X, MS, VS$ l _{, AlOl$]l ]l$]l#, {MS
^l* B]l^l l]l MS l$lyl$MS$ E.
4. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
5. ]l*$P {$
R]l$ N^lyl
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
1. ]l$lS yl MS$
2. Cl ll
5. AMSl {M> 6. {{MS* ^l>^.
3. l]l l
4. l$lyl$
$O_aMS {$
f$$
1. yl 2. G 3. yl 4. 5. 6. 7. yl
fl^l$r
1.
2.
3.
4.
{VS* G
Cl lZl
l]l l { ^l$
l]l l { ^l$
{V>MS
(
(
(
(
{VS*
) G) ]l$ {VS_ {MS]l$ El ^l$.
) ) ]l$ _ { ^l]l$ El ^l$.
) ) l]l l { ^l$
) yl) lV> ]l.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5. ]l$l ylMS
( )
C) Ar$ st ]l^la
G) ]l$
h) BMS, l.
f$$
1. 2. yl 3. C 4. G 5.
MSMS ]lN
& l]l$]l.
& #r$tMS ]l^la, lV> ]l^la.
& lV> {MS$^l]l#.
& l]l l { ^l$
& MS$MSP VSr {*VS
& 1990 ]l$yl 2000
& 10 $]lMS$ OV>
& 2 >l
& 20 >l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
& AMSl {M> ^l$: lVSV> (Fast), lrl (Immediate) $V> (Automatic),
A{$lV> (Involuntary) ^l*^l ^l]l$ AMSl {M> ^l$
{{MS$ { ^l$ As$.
E: 1. GMS$P]l M> MS$l yl]l lrl MS$ ]l$M]lr
2. MSZMS l* HOl {l l$]l$r
3. l$]l MSuZMS l lVSYr AMSl {M> ^lMS$ E$.
& {{MS$ ^l>^ () {M> ^l>^
{M> ^l]l$ ^l*^l, >, {MS*lMS s {{MS$ ^l>^ ()
{M> ^l>^ As$.
& {M> ^l>^Z Al$ V>$ Es.
1. {V>MS (Receptor)
2. gql] yl (A yl)
3. ]l$l yl MS (Inter neuron)
4. ^MSyl (Ayl)
5. >MS AVS (Effector organ)
& { ^l$ yl$ M>$V> Es. A.
1. l ]l
l { ^l$ (Unconditional Reflexes)
2. l ]l
l { ^l$ (Conditional Reflexes)
& l]l l { ^l$:
1. C #r$tMS ]l^la { ^l$, s ]l$]l Ar$ ^l$M]lMSPl$.
2. EMS$ HOl]l lyl$ ]l$]l#]l$ MSl ^l l]lMS$P $MS$s.
& l]l l { ^l$:
1. C lV> {MS$^l]l#. JMS AlMS $ ^l$yl > s ]l$]l
{VS]l.
2. EMS$ g$Xl ]lV>l ]l$]l]l$l _ MS {l yl.
& ]l*]l]l l$lyl$:
& ]l*]l]l#Z l$lyl$ All$lOl$]l, AMStOl$]l > MS A]l$]l.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1. ]l*$P {$
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
& {M> ^l>^Z {V>MS, gq]l yl, ]l$l ylMS, ^MSyl, >MS
AVS Es.
3. l$lyl$MS$ Eyl l]l MS VS$_ MS$V> >$yl? (IMP)
f & l$lyl$MS AlMS Al$l MS$$. Al$Z l]l MS JMSs.
& MS, X, MS, VS$ l _{, AlOl$]l ]l$]l#, {MS
^l* B]l^l l]l MS l$lyl$MS$ E.
4. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
5. ]l*$P {$
R]l$ N^lyl
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
1. ]l$lS yl MS$
2. Cl ll
5. AMSl {M> 6. {{MS* ^l>^.
3. l]l l
4. l$lyl$
$O_aMS {$
f$$
1. yl 2. G 3. yl 4. 5. 6. 7. yl
fl^l$r
1.
2.
3.
4.
{VS* G
Cl lZl
l]l l { ^l$
l]l l { ^l$
{V>MS
(
(
(
(
{VS*
) G) ]l$ {VS_ {MS]l$ El ^l$.
) ) ]l$ _ { ^l]l$ El ^l$.
) ) l]l l { ^l$
) yl) lV> ]l.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5. ]l$l ylMS
( )
C) Ar$ st ]l^la
G) ]l$
h) BMS, l.
f$$
1. 2. yl 3. C 4. G 5.
MSMS ]lN
& l]l$]l.
& #r$tMS ]l^la, lV> ]l^la.
& lV> {MS$^l]l#.
& l]l l { ^l$
& MS$MSP VSr {*VS
& 1990 ]l$yl 2000
& 10 $]lMS$ OV>
& 2 >l
& 20 >l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
{l$l
3.1 lMSPZ AOWMS {l$l
MSMS ]l]l$ :
www.sakshieducation.com
>T*l $yl$l$.
& ^]l$ lMSPZ {lMSOl$]l MS lMSP > >T*l f$VS$l$.
& BMS$Z {l MM> >, MSlMS$, l lMSPZ l MM> >
>*l f$VS$l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
JMS ]l*$P {$
2. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4.
f
5.
f
4. lVSY Ar$MSr$tr
_e As H$s? D l H iZ f$VS$l$? (l 07)
& K MS f]lMS MS ]l yl$ MS$V> f]l^lls _e
As$.
& MSt*, X ]ls HMSMS i]l#$ D l > {l$l f$#.
>T$ {l$l () >T$ As H$s? (]l*a 2000)
& lMSP >T$ V>O]l M>yl, l$, BMS$ llO]l s ]l$_ Ml lMSP$ Hyll
B l >T$ {l$l () >T$ As$.
& D lZ , #$ g MSMS Eyll$. JMS JMS f]lMS {l$$ Er$.
Al$^ll D l AOWMS {l$l$ ]l*]l.
4 ]l*$P {$
1. OWMS, AOWMS {l$ll$Z Eyl ]lQ ly$ H$s?
f
AOWMS {l$l
OWMS {l$l
1. JMS iZ f$VS$l$.
1. JMSs V>, yl$ i]l# MSMS ]l
f$VS$l$.
2. *VSg$ Hyl]l#.
2. , #$ *VSg$ Hyl.
3. *VSg$ *VS ^ll]l#. 3. , #$ g$ *VS
^ll$.
4. MS ]l$f]l ]l*{ll$ A]l
4. MS S$MS f]l$ A]l
A]l#.
A]l#.
5. f]lMS l iZ MS$yl l$ 5. f]lMS S$ M, f]l S$
l i]l#$ El A]l#.
Ms ]l l$ l i]l#$
Hyl. JMP f]lMS S$
i]l#* Hyl$.
6. *l_eMS ]l]l > ]l*{ll$ 6. f]l$ l lyMS$ GMS$P]l
f]l$ l ly Er$.
A]lM> E.
7. g ]l$ {MS]l$Z {MS
7. g ]l$ {MS]l$Z {MS
]lMS AlV> $yll$.
]lMS GMS$P]lV> $yl$l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
R]l$ N^lyl.
]l*$
1. MS lMSP$ 2. { l MMS]l$
3. {Ml*]l$ 4. AOWMS
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5. MSg
$O_aMS {$
]l*$
1. M>yl bll]lZ M>yMS Hr$V> V>$ ^l ? (]l*a 08, l 07, 02, 2000)
G) MS$# MSl
) MS$# $l
) MS$# O]l yl) MS$#]lMS$ AylzV>
2. DtZ V> fVS AOWMl ]l (l 05)
G) $ _e ) _e
) MMS ]l]l yl) B$l _e
3. AMSMS$, E]l]l]l lMSP A]lMS E*W^l {l$l ]l (]l*a 06)
G) _e
) MMS ]l]l
) >T*l yl) $ _e
4. MSl, l lMSPZ >T*lMS yly ]l? (]l*a 2000)
G) {l MMS]l$ ) MS]l$$
) l$ lVSY$ yl) M>yl bll]l]l$
5. H f]lMS$Z]l$ Ml S$ l$l l iZ MS^lsMS M>?
G) f]lMS$Z Eyl Al f]l$ l$l lZ Eylr ]l
) >T*l ]l
) {Ml*gZ]l$ MSMS ]l
yl) JMS M]l$ ]l$_ bll$ rtyl ]l
fl^lyl
{VS* G
Dt
MSlMS$
^]l$
V>l$
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1) G 2) 3) 4) 5)
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. MS$
. MS lMSP$
) MMS]l]l
yl) { l M>M>$
C. l$ lVSY$
G. _e
h. MS$#$
]l*$
1) 2) C 3) yl 4) 5) G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSMS ]lN
lg$
Myl* (Myl*$)
_e
MMS]l]l
MS lMSP$
MS$
{ l M>$
l$ lVSY$
bll]l]l$
$l
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
{$
Bh
MSt* / W]l
Dt
^]l$
V> l$
MSlMS$ / l lMSP
VS$
]l]l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
sZss (Totipotency) As H$s? (l 03)
K lMSP MS N lMSP]l$ C]lVS MS "sZss' As$.
GMSs (Explant) As H$s? (]l*a 03, 01)
H lMSP ]l$_ MS]l$ l$^l l* GMSs (Explant) As$.
M> Gyl$ Hyl$l$? (]l*a 07)
MSg ]l]lZ GMSs]l$ MS *]lZ _]lyl$ M> Hyl$l$.
MSg ]l]l O {*V>$ ^l]l $ >ll $ lyl.
MSg ]l]l O {*V>$ ^l]l $ >{kq$ {VS$, ]l$. $
MSg ]l]l > HMSMS lMSP ^l]l^la *^$.
1.
f
2.
f
3.
f
4.
f
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
R]l$ N^lyl
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
1) >VS $]l# 2) sZs s 3) yl 4) i]ll
6) M> 7) yl S
5) GMSs
$O_eMS {$
]l*$
1) 2) 3) 4) yl 5)
fl^lyl
{VS* G
1. yl
2. {VS$, ]l$
3. M>
4. GMSs
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. BM> MS ]l$
. lMSP ]l$_ l$^l]l MS$
. MS N lMSP lVS MS
yl. HMS MS lMSP]l$ _]l$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5. sZss
]l*$
1) C 2) yl 3) G 4) 5)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
jMSMS ]l]l$:
& OWMS {l$lZ ll{yl$ f]l$ ]l Ml MS i]l#$ El. ]l
MlMS i]l#Z S Oll ]l$.
& OWMS {l$l ]l El A]l Mll lMSP$ ]l*$l$]l >$, l$$,
l$ lr$tMl MS, Ml {l>MS$ ^llyl, s f A]l $^l$M]lyl
]ls SMS$ A]l$VS$V> Es.
& lMSP$ GMS$P]lV> >VS P fsMS BMS ^l*.
# & V>$
& E]ll lMSPZ OWMS {l$l fVSyMS E*VSyl V> ""#''
As$.
& ]l*]lV> #Z $VS$ ]l*M># ]lZ # V>$ A]l$ Es.
A 1) SMS {]l (Calyx),
2) BMS {]l (Corolla),
3) MS >]l (Androecium),
4) AylM (Gynoecium)
& #Z MS>$ #$ {l$l A]l$$ MS >VS MZ >VS $]l#$
A]l ^ll$. s *MS lgs$.
& #Z "AylM' { {l$l A]l$]l. Z Ay$, MS, MS{VS Al
]lyl$ V>$. AylMZ Ay$ Ayl ]l $ A]l$
Es.
& ^l]l ylMZ Hyl$ MS$s. A f, yl$ ]ljyl$, K MS{lMS
MS, ]lyl$ {l MS$ ylMZ A MS$ HMSZ Es. M> $
MS{lMS ]l*{l l$Z (2n) Er$.
& MS: #$, *VS g MSMS]l$ ""MS'' As$.
& MSZ #$ fMS, fMS *VS ^l ""MS f'' (2n)
Hyl$l$.
& MSZ yl]l #$ fMS, $ MS{lMS(2n) *VS ^l
{l$Z E]l AMS$^lel MS{lMS (3n) Hyl$l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
2) BMS {$,
3) MS >]l,
4) AVS M
3. ]ljy VS$_ >$yl. (AMt 99)
f & ]ljyl]l$ $ MS$ As$.
& ylMZ yl$ ]ljyl$ Es.
& D MSMS$ _]l S ]lMSP ]ls >$, Ayl lVSYV> Es.
& D MS$ >VS , fMS lVSYMS$ MSrr$ $yl.
www.sakshieducation.com
5. ]l*$P {$ (s$)
1. El$l #]l# $]lMl r X_ V>]l$ VS$^lyl.
f
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl.
]l*$
6) OWMS
$O_eMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
) MS, MS{VS
yl) SMS {]l, BMS {]l
6. Ay$Z E]l VS ]l$_ Ay$ VS VS $
G) Ayl MSg ) bg
) Ayl ]l yl) Ayl
7. yl M MS ^ll ]l$$Z l$MSZ ]l#yl VS
G) f
) ]ljyl
) $ MS{lMS
yl) {l MS$
8. MS l$l lls V> ]l#yl l$MS VS
G) $ MS{lMS
) MS f
) AMS$^lal
yl) Ayl MSg
f$$
fl^l$r
(
(
(
(
(
{VS*
) G) 3n
) ) >VS$]l#$
) ) l$
) yl) 2n
) C) $ MS$
G) Bl >VS P
h) >VS P
{VS* G
1. ]ljyl MS$
2. MS f
3. AMS$^lel MS{lMS
4. *MS lf ]l*lMS$
5. AylM
1. 2. yl 3. 4. 5. G 6. 7. 8.
f$$
1. C 2. yl 3. G 4. 5.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSMS ]lN
& #]ll
& #]l
& Ayl ]l
& >VS $]l#$
& l f>
& ylM
& $ MS$
& 2n
& 2n
& 3n
# M>yl
]ll _]l E]lVS
Ay$Z yl$ >
*MSl g$ #$ *VS g$
#yl $]l# Al$]l
*VS fl
]ljyl$
MS f
$ MS{lMS
AMS$^lel MS{lMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
>$$, ]l]l
& fl$]l#$ OWMS, AOWMS ll$ > {l$l f$#.
& #$ {l$l A]l$ ]lP$ (Tests) A, {l$l A]l$
fM>$ (Ovaries) As$.
& #$ i El ^l *VS g]l$ #$ f MS$ ${MSMS$ As$.
i El ^l *VS g]l$ Ay$ As$.
& MS: M fl$]l#$ Ay]l$ ${MSMS]l$ $rMS$, s ^l$r$t Eyl
l]l ZMS yl$l ^l. Ayl$ Ayl, ${MSMS MSMS fl$]l#
$r f$VS$l$. D MS As$.
E: MS, ]l]l
& Al MS: M fl$]l#Z #$ i ${MSMS]l$ i Z {l
yl$l$. i Z MS f$VS$l$. D Al MS
As$.
E: $, S$$, S$
& OWMS *MSl: AlMS fl$]l#Z , #$ i]l#$ l$V>, tV> Es.
OWMS *MSl As$. D fl$]l#]l$ HMSOWMS i]l#$ As$.
& E$ OWMSl: M fl$]l#Z , #$ {l$l A]l$$ yl$ JMS iZ
Es. "E$ OWMSl" As$. Ar$]ls i]l#]l$ "E$ OWMS i]l#$"
As$.
E: ]l]l, fVS
fl$]l#Z l M> {l$l ]l]l$, VS > $$Z OWMS
{l$l
& AlMS$ _e f]l ll $*$ ]l]l. Ayl$ A
VS > OWMS {l$l f$#.
& VS K MSOl$]l OWMS {l$l.
& $$Z lV> Eyl * MS{lMS, _]l *MS MS{lMS Es. {l$l
*MS MS{lMS B]lZ f$VS$l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1.
f
2.
f
1 ]l*$P {$
3.
f
4.
f
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N#]l
$$ ......... > OWMS {l$l f$#l$. (]l*a 08, 01)
]l]lZ MS ........... Z f$VS$l$. (l 08, 01)
#$ fMS ............ As$.
Al MS]lZ .......... i Z {l rtyl.
*VSM> MS MS{lMS .......... f]l$ f$#l$.
]l]l O WMS i A]lsMS ........... MSs ]ll$V> .......... ^llyl
]l $ MS fVSl$.
7. ]l]l, lMS ]l]l ]l$_ {VS_]l ........... ]l$ ${MS{V>MSZ $]l ^l$.
8. ]l]l MSsl$Z Eyl$ Qyl$ ..........
f$$
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. VS/*VS
2. VS$yl M
3. ${MSMS 4. ${MSMS$
6. f M>$, ]lP$ 7. ${MSMS 8. 14 ]l$yl 17 Qyll]l$
5. ]l$
$O_aMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
fl^l$r
1. yl 2. 3. G 4. yl 5. 6. yl 7. 8. yl 9. 10.
{VS* G
1. MS
2. Al MS
3. E$ O WM i
4. MSsl$
5. *MS MS{lMS
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G) {l$l
) 14 ]l$yl 17 Qyl$
) fVS
yl) ]l*]l]l#yl$
C) MS
G) 10, 11 Qyl$
h) 13]l Qyll
f$$
1. C 2. yl 3. 4. 5. G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSMS ]lN
& ${MSMS$
& MS, ]l]l, ^l
& $, S$$, S$
& ]l]l, fVS
& {l$l
& ^l$
& l$V>PMS
& 10, 11 Qyl$
& 13 ]l Qyll
& 14 ]l$yl 17 Qyl$
& MS fVS {l
& ${MS MS$ $]l ^l$yl VS
1. ]lP$
2. MS
3. Al MS
4. E$ OWMSl
5. *MS MS{lMS
6. * MS{lMS
7. ]l]l
8. ]lP$
9. fM>$
10. MSs l $
11. VS$yl / MSsl$
12. ${MS {V>MS
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
S
A
K
-
2 ]l*$P {$
1. ]l$VS MS]l$, Byl MS ]l$_ G VS$$ yl$? () ]l$VS, Byl MS ]l$l ]lQ
$ >$yl?
f
]l$VS MS
Byl MS
1. ]l$VS MS Z M>$
1. Byl MSZ M>$yl]l#.
Es.
2. Byl MSZ HMS l$l$
2. ]l$VS MS N>VS ^l*#yl$
Eyl]l#.
l$ $l HMS l$l$
Es.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
S
A
K
-
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
5 ]l*$P {$ (s$)
1. MS #$ {l$l ]l]l r X V>$ VS$^lyl. (]l*a 07, 05, l 04)
f
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
R]l$ N^lyl.
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
1) P
2) l
3) ]l$VS 4) AylMS
6) ]l{ly$ 7) gl]l l]l 8) lQyl
5) Al MS
$O_eMS {$
]l*$
1) yl 2) 3) G 4) yl 5) yl 6) 7) yl
flyl
{VS* G
1. MS $t
2. MS l
{VS*
( ) G. P
( ) . AylMS
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
3. ]l$VS MS
4. DVS
5. GMS l$l$
( ) . fVS
( ) yl. Ay$
( ) C. ${MS MS$
G. M>$
h. A$
]l*$
1) C 2) yl 3) G 4) 5) G
MSMS ]lN
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1. AylMS
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
{l$l ]l]l
www.sakshieducation.com
2) {MSr l
Ayl MS ^ll yl Hyl$l$. C Z$l >
VS>$ZMS {*$. C {*^lryl$ A ttV> Hyl$l$.
tt VS>$ MS$y Asr$tMS$r$.
tt ^l$r*t E Hyl$l$. EZ EMS {l]l Er$. EMS {l]l
*{MS A* ]l$_ yMS S$.
f>]l#: l ]l$_ MS$ MS Hyl]l MSg "f>]l#' As$.
VS fW]l 3]l l ]l$_ y "{*' As$.
40 > VS l>l {*, l VS>$ ]l$_ $rMS$ yl$l A]l#l$.
]l*]l]l#Z MS ${^lyMS VS lMS ll$$ ^ $V>
A]l^l]l^l$a.
C Z Ayl>Y ^lr, MS f$VSMS$y ^l*ylr, #$$Z
${MSMS]l$ L > ]l^l$r llO]l.
_MSl ll$ > Z Z$l MS$, #$$Z ${MS MS$
A]l MSW^lyl VS lMS ll$Z JMSs.
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
1 ]l*$P {$
1.
f
2.
f
3.
f
4.
f
5.
f
6.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2 ]l*$P {$
4 ]l*$P {$
1. ]l*]l]l#Z l$^l{M> ]l~^lyl. (]l*a 08, 04, 01)
f & ]l*]l]l {l$l ]l]lZ fVS ]l*$ ^l{M> "l$^l{MS' As$.
& l$^l{MS 13 14 ]ll> ]l$$ ]l$_ {Ol$ 50 55 ]ll>
]lMS* f$VS$l$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
& D lZ y t () MS fM As$. Z MS
t$$ As$.
& ttZ ]l$l Eyl MS$> t MS f MS$MS As$.
& tt VS>$ Vyl Ol# ^l$. _]lMS$ A VS>$ VylMS Asr$tM
AMSPyl yl$l$. l yl {]l As$.
& yl ll$ A]l VS>$Z f$VS$l$.
5 ]l*$P {$ (s$)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl.
]lyl]l l VS ]l$_ y ......... As$. (]l*a 05, l 07, 06, 04)
{]lZ yl ......... MS$yMS Asr$tMS$r$. (]l*a 04, 01)
yl MS]l M, A ......... MS f]l l A]l$. (]l*a 03)
${MS MSMS Eyl ......... VS MSZ $yl$l$. (l 02)
$ {VS ]l*]l]l ......... ]l]lZ K A]l$l {VS. (]l*a 02)
{*, VS>$ MS$yMS ......... > Asr$tMS$ Er$.
l$^l{M> Al$#^l ]l$ ......... NMS ]l$_ El A]l#.
W]l #sMS]l$ ......... As$.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
]l*$
5) #$ {l$l
1. {*]l
6) f>]l#
$O_eMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
1) yl 2) yl 3) 4) yl 5) G 6) 7) yl
)
)
)
)
)
(
(
(
(
(
{VS*
G. 3 l yl]l
. 40 >$
. ]lP]l
yl. {V>$l #sMS
C. ${MSMSO M]l
G. {sl l
h. 12 >$
]l*$
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
M> *s$
G{Ml$
l$^l{MS
VS A]l
{*
fl^lyl
MSMS ]lN
]lP$
& stt>l
${MSMS / MS
& H{MgZl$
f #sMS$ / {V>$l #sMS$ & M> *s$
M> *s$
& D{tfl, {gt>l
Ayl yl$l
& AylY
yl VS>$ MS$yMS Asr$tM]l$r & yl {]l
3 l yl
& {*
VS A]l M>
& 40 >$
Al$# ^lrt
& 1978
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
5) G
1) yl 2) C 3) G 4)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4. HIV - AIDS
s & 4
& HIV.. K Ol $
H & $]l$l
I & C]l yl$
V & Ol
& HIV {sZ yl MS$r$Z, s Ol lVSMS ^l]l RNA
& A GMSz
I - C]l
D - yl$
S {yl$
& AlMS HIV ClSl lS{M> {^lZ lls ]lZ EylV>, $ ]l
ll E
& llZ AlMS HIV ClSlZ ]l$> lls ]lZ EylV>, B{l{l
$ ]lZ E.
& l$: HIV MS]l l$l S$ ]lMS]l$$ l$ $VS$.. A.
1. HIV MS]l l
2. _$ MS^l HIV+ l (l$VS$ M>)
3. _$ MS^l HIV+ l
4. AIDS l
& As {sZ Ol l > Ol {]ll lWY_ ]lMS B$ ^l]l^l$a.
& MS ]l*>Y$: HIV MS]l ]lMS ]l$_ ]l$ ]lMSM S 4 { ]l ]l*>Y >
^ll$l$. A..
1. OWMS $
2. HIV MS]l ]lMS$ M> Cl$MS$ GMSP^lyl ]l
3. HIV MS]l l ]l$_ ylzMS$
4. HIV MS]l ]lMS$MS$ E*W_]l h$, yl$ Cl$MS$ E*W^lyl ]l
& HIV G f$VSl$?
& HIV E]l ]lMS MS ]lyl ]l
& HIV E]l ]lMS ]lr$tM]lyl ]l
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
& MW^l$M]lyl ]l
& $VSY O ]ll$ r$tM]lyl ]l
& MS^]l ^l$yl ]l
& $ yl]l ]l$ ]l{l> ylyl ]l
& HIV {VS$ ]l$]l#, l$$]l$ yl$M]lyl ]l
& HIV {VS$MS$ ]l^l$yl ]l
& ]l$$, Cl MSrM> M>r$ ]l
D M> ]l HIV ^lll$
& HIV EMS VS$^l S$: MS]l MS S ]l ]l*{ll$ HIV EMS l$$M]l^l$a. A..
1. G S
2. ltl s S
3. PCR S
& HIV ]lMS$ ]l$MS* {]l]l: HIV MS]l ]lMSMS MS$r$ $ M> G
A]l.
]l$MS*V> i^lyl:
& BVSV> EylsMS O]l ]l*>Y G^l$M]lyl.
& HIV.. AIDSS E]lsMS V> i^lyl.
& lOl$]ll]lMS* ]l* ]lMS]ll ]l]l ]l*fZ l$VSyl.
& BMS ]l]l MSW il# E]ll $]l ^l$Ml Z l]lyl$ M>]lyl.
i]l Ol#$: HIV.. AIDS ]ls l$ Gl$PyMS A]l^l$M]l M i]l
Ol#$
& O]l ~* $Ml Ol#
& l M> ]lMS$ ]l]l^l Ol#
& Ol#
& ]l$]l$ AVS$^l Ol#
& ]l$ ]l$$P JMS$ O]l Z ^lyl
& ]l$]l$]l$ ]l$ ^l$M]lyl
1 ]l*$P {$
1.
f
HIV H
www.sakshieducation.com
2. llZ lrt llsV> AIDSS MS]l ]lMS GMSPyl, Gyl$ VS$^$? (]l*a
99)
f llZ lrtlls V> AIDS MS]l ]lMS 1986 l$ Z ^lOlZ VS$^$.
3. HIV ^lyl.
f HIV As $]l$l C]l yl$ {yl$
4. AIDS ^lyl.
f AIDSS As GMSz C]l yl$ {yl$
5. HIV {lMSlMS$ M>Ol$]l GOgl$ H?
f HIV {lMSlMS$ M>Ol$]l GOgl$ ""]l {sl {MStg''
6. l$$ ]l$ VS VS]l$ { ]l# G {]l#?
f VS VSyl BV>MS MS M>st l]l$ VS]l$, ]lN VSMS ]lyl ]l$_l
^l]l$.
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
]ls ]l$lMS l$ Gl$P]lylZ i]l]l Ol#$ G
A]l]l? H$ i]l]l Ol#]l$ MSW Ey? (H{ 08, l 08, ]l*a 09,
06)
f & HIV.. AIDS s l$]l$ Gl$PyMS i]l]l Ol$ A]l .
& i]l Ol# ]l {VS$MS$ ]l$ , ]l$MS*lMSl Hyl.
& O]l ~* $Ml Ol# A]l^l$M.
& l M> ]lMS$ ]l]l^lyl, l]l$ H^l$M]lyl A]lyl$l$.
& Ol# As, l]l$ A{*, *, l $V>
]lMS^lyl.
& ]l$]l$ AVS$^l Ol# , l$MS$ A]l$VS$V> {]l^lyl.
& O]l {#$ s^lyl
D lOl$]l i]l]l Ol#]l$ s^lyl > HIV.. AIDS ]ls ]l$lMS l$
Gl$P]l^l$a.
2. HIV MSMS$y Eyll$MS$ $M]l g{VSl? (]l*a 10, l 07, 2000)
f & $Sl M> OWMS ]l HIV. {$l A^l {M> 91
>l l$MS$ $Sl M> OWMS ]l HIVS_. M>st
$Sl OWMS MS$ MSyl$ ]l$ E*W^.
& HIV S ^l]l M> ]l*{ll$ MS]l*ylMS E*W^.
& ylg$ (Disposable), tOz (Sterilized) i$, *l$l y.
O A>]l$ s^lyl > HIV MSMS$y g{VSlyl]l^l$a.
3. HIV MS]l ]lMS AIDS l]l$ HlV> ^l$MS$syl$? (l 05)
f HIV MS]l l$l S$ ]lMS]l$$ l$ 4. A..
& HIV MS]l l: HIV MS]l l$l 2&6 >Z ]lMSZ M S$ MS.
Nf ]ls S$ yl$ k$ ]lMS$ MS_ 2&3 >Z MS^lMS$y
. ]lMS MSZ Ol Q GMS$P]lV> Er$. M> {SM>$ MS^l]l#.
D l]l$ "y $yl' As$. D lZ Ol$ ]l$_ Cl ]lMS$MS$
{MS$. M> MS SZ {SM> EMS l$l$.
& _$ MS^l HIV+ l: D lZ MS SZ HIV {SM> EMS
l$$. M> _$ MS^l]l#. D l $]l*$ 3&5 ]ll>$ Er$.
& _$ MS^l HIV+ l: D lZ lMS MS {MS]l$V> S^lyl ]l
HIV.. AIDS
1.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
1) MSyl$ 2) AIDS l
3) 4) AIDS 5) ]l$]l$ AVS$^l Ol#
6) Ol# 7) l M> ]lMS$ ]l]l^l Ol# 8) GOMSz C]l
yl$ {yl$ 9) tOz (i]ll) 10) HIV
$O_eMS {$
1.
MSW^l i? (l 05)
G) Ol
) MSt*
) {$
yl) {sZgZ]ll
STD , AIDSS ]l$l? (l 07)
G) l l$
) lVSY l E
) Ml$ l E
yl) 1% MSs lMS$P]l l
O]l ~* $Ml Ol#MS A]l? (]l*a 08)
G) Ol#
) Ol#
) ^lMSP BZ^l]l
yl) ^la^l Ol#
HIV El ^l GOgl$? (]l*a 06, l 08)
G) ]l {sl{MStl ) Mt
) ${M
yl) O]l
HIV EMS l S?
yl) ]l$ S
G) MS S
) ]l{l S
) x -
HIV ^ll ]l*Y?
G) ]l$ M>r$
) $Sl M> OWMS $
) MS]l l ]l$_ $]l#MS$
yl) HIV MS]l MS ]l*yl
HIVMS MS?
G) ]l*]l]l MS
) $
) V>
yl) B
HIV MS]l ]l$ u>Z ^l$aMl ]l?
G) Cl ]l*]l$ VS
) Cl ]l*]l$ M>MS$y
) {lMS u>Z ^layl
yl) A$ u>Zl ^l$aMMS]lyl
6.
7.
8.
5.
4.
3.
2.
AIDSS]l$
]l*$
1) G 2) 3) 4) G 5) G 6) G 7) G 8) G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
fl^lyl
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. yyl
. 120 mm
. HIV
yl. ]l sl{MStg
C. AIDS > S
G. l$VS$ M>
h. 10&3 $.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
HIV BM> ]l*$aM]lyl
CM{yl BM>
G S
HIV ]l*
{SM>$ MS^l l
]l*$
1) yl 2) 3) C 4) 5) G
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
MSMS ]lN
HIV
- AIDS
& {sZyl
HIV lVS
& s Ol
HIV EMS MS]l$V]l {l
& *MS ]l*rV>$ >t V>Z
HIV ClSlZ lls ]l
& lS{M>
HIV ClSlZ $ ]l & ll
HIV ]l*
& 120 mm (10&9 $)
HIV BM>
& CM{yl BM>
HIV BM> ]l*$aMS$ll$MS$
$yl GOg l$
& ]l {sl{MSgt
10 {SM>$ MS]lyl l
& y $yl
& MS S$ / G S /
11 HIV S$
l t l s S / PCR S
12 HIV {]ll lWY^lsMS C^la l & {sZOl l
HIV MS$r$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5.
MS$ A]l]l$$ >$
MSMS ]l]l$:
www.sakshieducation.com
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
1 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
2 ]l*$P {$
4 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
]l*$
1) MS
MS]ll
$O_eMS {$
1. $Zg ? (l 04)
G) Qf ]l$ ) {sl
) M]l#
yl) M>O{ylr$
2. {V>]l VS*Mk yl$l ^l MS? (]l*a 09, 05, l 03)
G) 4 MS.MS.
) 5 MS.MS.
) 6 MS.MS.
yl) 3 MS.MS.
3. i]l>$V> N~ {s]l$$ Eyl >$? (l 01, AMt 99)
G) V>l$, E$, M>s
) H, VS$yl$, Vl$]l$
) ]l, ]l*, l]l
yl) ]l*, $, VS$yl$z
4. V>r l Z ]l MS$VS$l$? (H{ 08, l 07)
G) M>$
) hMS
) $l$
yl) A*yll
5. H GMS$P]lV> $M]lr ]l G]lMSZ Z$ MS$VS$? (]l*a 04, l 02)
G)
) s$
) s B]l$
yl) l
6.
yl) 5.94
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
1) yl 2) G 3) yl 4) yl 5) yl 6) 7) yl 8)
fl^lyl
I.
II.
{VS*
G. 9.45 MS.M>.
. 4 MS.M>.
. Mtg
yl. ${Mg
C. VSMfl
G. $Zg
h. G$*
A
)
)
)
)
)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
Z ^lMSP (
^lMS$Z ^lMSP (
fl$]l#Z ta (
VS*Mg
(
M]l#$
(
]l*$
1) G 2) G 3) 4) 5) yl
)
)
)
)
)
(
(
(
(
(
{VS*
G. A]lr$ {VS ]l$ ElMS ylyl$l$
. G]lMS$, l$ Hyl$]l$
. >{MS$, G{M>t]l$
yl. l $l V> HyzMS ylyl$l$
C. MS Eyll$
G. {l l$
h. $
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
yl$
A*yll
M>$
Il
l
]l*$
1) 2) yl 3) C 4) 5) G
MSMS ]lN
1 ^lMS$Z ^lMSP
2 Z ^lMSP
& ${Mg
& Mtg
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
& VSMf
& 4 MS.M>. MS
tyll
M>$VS*$, $, $
9.45 MS.M>. MS
yl$
MOyl$
s$
400 & 500 $.{V>.
MS]ll
V>r
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
3 fl$]l#Z yl
4 {V>]l VS*Mg
5 _]l Z B]lMS AOl$ B]l$,
lMS A]lMS AOl$ B]l$
6 i]l>$V> AN~ {s]l$
7 {V>]l M]l#
8 MS {lZ MSr*l
9 >MS ]lQOl$]l H]l*l
10 MS i]l Z MSr*l
11 kMS$ M>]l M> $
12 Il Z
13 A*yll Z
14 l
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1. ]l*$P {$
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
S
A
K
-
4 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl.
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
1) {sl 2) M]l# 3) M>$4) JMS, {s]l$$ 5) {sl 6) *M>$l
7) MS M> Z 8) Gylg
$O_eMS {$
]l*$
1) yl 2) 3) yl 4) 5) G
fl^lyl.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
M>*P
(
l$>]l$
(
*M>$l
(
Aylg MSg (
MS M> Z (
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. MS M> Z
. M]l# ^l MS$
. {s]l Z
yl. {s]l, MS Z
C. AV> ]lyl
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
G. r$l Z
h. A*yll Z
]l*$
1) 2) yl 3) C 4) 5) G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSMS ]l]l$:
& ^l.h. MSl Al >ll Zl]l > Z $VS$lMS$ M>]l H
El 1912]l ]llZ MS]l$V$.
& D > $ () Al]l# M>MS A $ st$.
& MS Al >ll $ r$t (l]l#yl$) Z E]l > OlrOl$l A $ st$.
l>l OlrOl$l Al $ r$lV> ]l*.
& r$l$ & M>$: r$]l$]l$ yl$ {VS*#$V> h$. A..
1) sZ MSVS r$]l$
2) M]l#Z MSVS r$]l$
& 1) sZ MSVS r$]l$:
G) "' M>MS r$]l$
) r$l "'
& 2) M]l#Z MSVS r$]l$:
G) r$l "G'
) r$l "yl'
) r$l "C'
yl) r$l "MS'
1) sZ MSVS r$]l$:
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
f
6.
f
7.
f
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
(Imp)
4 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl
1. * ^l , W W MSylW, sZ ........ r$l l$. (March. 05)
2. V>OsZ ............. G{V> llyl$l$. (]l*a, 08)
3. * Z AZ ]l#]l ..............]l$ r$l "yl'V> ]l*$$. (April 08,
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4. #$$Z ]lll >MS$y ^l r$l ............. l (Mar, 07, 06, 99 June 01)
5. yl$Z AMSV> Eyl r$ .......... (June 04)
6. Zl Al H r$l $MS ]l$.................
7. r$l B3 Z ]l MSVS ...............
8. MS MS]ll .................. r$ ]l*]ll ]l MS$VS$l$.
9. * M $l Al ....................... r$l $.
10. r$l "MS' ........................ M VS r$l
11. ]l*MSMS B]l$ i]l{MS$Z {]lQ {l ]l^l r$.......................
f$$
1. B1 (l*$l) 2. $MS 3. M{t
4. "E"
5. 'A'
6. B2
7. {V> 8. B12 ($ M$l) 9. B12 10. ^l. h. MSl 11. M]l#Z
12. MS B]l$
$O _aMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
]l*$
1) 2) yl 3) 4) 5) yl 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
)
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. *l
. $]lM $l
. l*$l
yl. s
C. GPMS B]l$
G. Zl
h. M>>
(
(
(
(
(
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
{VS* G
`MSs
P
MS MS]ll
{V>
fl^lyl.
]l*$
1) 2) yl 3) C 4) 5) G
1.
2.
3.
4.
{VS* G
h>*
MSs
V>Os
M>$ ]l$ylyl
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
{VS*
G. sZMS B]l$
. r$l 2
. r$l C
yl. r$l yl
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSMS ]lN
sNl (V>Os)
{V>
r$l
l$$l
Z l
*l ()
MsMS B]l$
4. B6
OyMSl
5. MS B]l$
MS B]l$
6. B12
$]lM Ol$l
7.sMS B]l$ sMS B]l$
{MS.Q
1. B1
2. B2
3. B3
*sl
GPMS B]l$
s
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
M>> /
lOl r$l
sZM>/*s #$$Z ]lll, Z VS{]l
ts r$l
Z MSl
MS BV> VSylzMSrtyl
^l.h. MSl $ () Al]l# M>MS
M
r$l
8. *sl
9. C
10. A
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1. ]l*$P {$
4.
f
5.
f
3.
f
{M ]l$ As H$s?
f]lMS i]l#$ ]l$ ZMS {l^ly {MS]l$ As$.
l$ MS M>Ol$]l j]l B{*$ P]lyl?
{VS$$ E*W^l l$$, rt$, CgS]l$ *l$$, jl , E]l
llO]l.
l$ > H H l$$ ^ll$?
VS]ll $, N f, Br]l$, yl, Ml lVS$Y, S$ llO]l l$$
l$() *MS l$]l# > ^ll$.
V> > ^ll l$$ H?
S$, N f, Br]l$, lr$t, ]l*l** ]ls l$$ V> >
^ll$.
VS M> As H$s?
& f]lMS {MS]l$ Z {l_]l lVSY$_ Al MS]lyl ]lMS$ Eyl
]l$lM> VS M> As$.
1.
f
2.
f
2. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
www.sakshieducation.com
As$.
7. ........... M>Z >]l i]l#$ >]l$ yl$l ^l, AlZ {MS]l$
l$MS$ Ayl$z lVS$$.
8. {MS* Z l........... ]l ]l$.
f$$
$O_eMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
fl^lyl
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
{VS* &
G.l$$
.GMS$
. ]l*]l]l#$
yl.Ml$$
C.]l$$
G. DVS$
h.$]l#$
f$$
1. 2.yl 3. C 4. 5. G
{VS* & G
1. Oss
2. GZ f
3. ]l$* f
4. VS$
5. l$lyl$ # f
MSMS ]lN
l$$
VS$
]l$*
GZ f
Oss
l$lyl$ #
Zl
]l*yl & M
l]l$>l
MS i/M>MS
GMS$
Byl G ]l$$
Ml$$
]l*]l]l#$
l$$
MS$MS]l$$
MS$lOl$]l l$l
{lSMSyl
9.
*MSl$]l# >
10.
S$, Nf Br]l$,
]l$l**
V> >
]l.Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
M>lt :
1. M>l$ :
& M>l$ MSZ]l$, MSgZ $# VS$ Z Eyl O*l Al ]l~{l]l
^lyl ]l MSVS
& O*l AMS El, l]l {^lylZ BrMS, M>$ MS$ V>
^l$MS]lyl ]l M>l$ ]l$.
& Oss Ol M>$ MS]l$ l ^l$yl ]l M>l$ $.
2. VS]ll $:
& $M O l sO yl (RNA) Al Ol ]l VS]ll MS$VS$l$.
& {lS MSyl, l$ ]ls *MS l$]l# > D ^ll$l$.
& f {VSl$Z , $l l, ^l r$ D S$
3. lr$t, A]l$$ () ll$ (Measles)
& >$M Ol (RNA) lr$t MSW$
& D l$ > f$VS$l$
& f, lVS$Y l$l O ll$$ D S$.
4. l$lyl$ # (Encephalities)
& B Ol$ l$lyl$ # MSVS ^l
& l$$, $]l#$, M$ ]l$_ ]l$$ > D ^ll$l$
& l, f, r$, AMS D S$. M l>Z W
^l]lr f$VS$l$.
5. Zl VS (filariasis)
& lMS* l {M>t, ]l#MS* ]l$$ Al yl$ l]l$sZyl {MSl$$ D
MSW
& {MS]l$ ^l]l ]lMS ]l$ MS$st]l#yl$ ]l$ZMS >$ {l.
]l$Z >$ A]l ^ll$. {MS]l$ ^l]l ]l$ Ml Al
MS$st]l#yl$, >$ ]l$ ]l$_ AlMS ^l.
& D lls S$ Z {VSl$$ #, f. B l$l {MS]l$ Z]l$
AylzM]lr ]l AMSPyl MSg$ l]l B VS E$l$. l "Zl'
As$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1. ]l*$P {$
6. ]l$*:
& yl$$ Al >]l i]l# ]l ]l$* MS$VS$l$.
& ]l$* >]l iMS ]l$ {]l Al, ]l*]l#yl$ $ () ]l*l$MS
Al
& ]l*]l]l#Z AOWMS El > D >]l i]l# Q ]l ^ll$l$. il
^l{lZ D V> AOWMS ]l$ As$.
& ]l$Z OWMS {l$l > D >]l i]l# Q ]l ^ll$l$. il
^l{lZ D V> OWMS ]l$ As$.
& ^l, f, ]l$* S$. A 2 ()3 kM ]l.
2. ]l*$P {$
1. ]l$* Z Eyl S$ H$s? (April 08, June 08, 10, May 01, Mar, 99)
f. 1. ]l$* f ^l ll]l#l$
2. ^l l$l f 106F {]ll ]l$.
3. D Z GMS$P]l l, ]l$ $ Es.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4.
f.
3.
2.
f.
4 ]l*$P {$
1. ]l$* >]l i ]l$ Z H lV> ]l*$$ ^ll$l$? (June 06, 02, Mar,
2000)
f. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
R]l$ N#]l
www.sakshieducation.com
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
f$$
1. *l
2. $Ml Osyl 3. f/syl 4. lr$t/ll$
5. ]l$$ 6. Ol${MO* 7. G{OsMS 8. z z>
9. Byl ]l$ 10. AOWMS ^l{MS 11. OWMS ^l{MS 12. ]l$*
$O_aMS {$
www.sakshieducation.com
) COlMS BP
yl) Oyl COl M>]l$Ogl
f$$
1. 2. G 3. 4. 5. yl 6. G 7. G 8. yl
)
)
)
)
)
(
(
(
(
(
{VS* &
G. lr$t
. l$lyl$ #
. ZlVS
yl. VS]ll $
C. ]l$*
G. MS$$x
h. ^laM>l$$
{VS* & G
1. yl$
2. $MOl Osyl
3. >$M Ol
4. B Ol
5. ]l#MS* l{M>t
fl$^lyl
f$$
1. C 2. yl 3. G 4. 5.
{VS* & G
1.A* MS
2. Byl G ]l$
3. MS*MS ]l$
4. z >
5. *
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
{VS* &
G. lr$t MS ]l$$
. ]l$ ]l ]l$* ]l$l *_]l yl$
. lr$t l$lsV> ]l~_]l ]lMS.
yl. Zl VS
C. ]l$*
G. ^laM>l$$
h. MS$$x
f$$
1. 2. C 3. yl 4. 5. G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSMS ]lN
]l..
l$$
1. M>l$
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
{l]l$ _MSl:
& G]lO ]lMS {]l*MS VS$ Al (MS) u>l$V> All ^ll lrl,
PMSV> A^l _MSl]l$ {l]l$ _MSl As$.
{l]l$ _MSl & >$:&
1 {]l*MS VS$ A]l ]lMS {MS^ yl
2 l, l$ ]l$_ ]lMS ^l$yl
3 Oll$yl$ ]l^la ]lMS$ W VSgMS$y ^l*ylyl, ]lMS rMS$ $MS$
lyl.
& C]l*P (1823 & 1908) Al f]l$ lyl$ { ]l$ _MSlMS$ Bl$yl$.
& 1879 Z St. gl A$l ]l C {gl .
& {l]l$ _MSl ^lryl$ M $]l*$ s^.
r ]lW]lyl$ ^l$]l]l {l]l$ _MSl:&
& Dl l]l ]lMS ]l*{ll$ r ]lW]l ]lMS S_, s ]l$_ $rMS$ l.
& > M> ]l$_ s $rMS$ .
& $ $rMS$ ]l_a]l l>l MS{]l$ >{MS$ > ]l*]l$ > ]l^larr$ ^l*.
G]lMS$ W]l#yl$ {l]l$ _MSl
& {]l*l]l>l$ G]lMS W]l#yl$ G]lMS $# As$. G]lMS $# Z
H VSZ A]l fVS]l^l$a
& G]lMS $#Z M>$:& G]lMS $# AlMS M>$V> Es.
1. G]lMS ]l*]l $#
2. ^ ^r G]lMS $#
3. fsOl$]l G]lMS $#
4. Qyll G]lMS $#
5. MSyl {]l ]l G]lMS $#
6. l G]lMS $#
& G]lMS $# $:
1. G]lMS W]l ^r Er$.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
1. {l]l$ _MSl A]lV> l$? (Mar 05, June 03, Oct, 99)
f. {]l*MS VS$ A]l ]lMSMS lrl PMSV> A^l * "l]l$ _MSl'
As$.
2. r ]lW]l ]lMS { M>ylyMS {l]l$_MSl H lV> ^l*? (Imp)
f. 1. r ]lW]l ]lMSMS >{MS$ lrl fVSrr$ ^l*.
2. Oll$yl$ ]l^la ]lMS$ W VSgMS$y ^l*y.
3. sZ $W]l ]l$st, Cl >]l$ ]lMS$P, $, Vl$ ]l$_ l$yMS
{l]l$ _MSl ^l*.
3. l G]l$MS $# As H$s?
f. G]lMS $#Z G]lMS ]lVS$l$ M> VSl$. C V> Z MS]lyl$l$.
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
? (Imp)
f. 1. r ]lW]l ]lMS s r$ $W]l ]l$st, Cl >$ ]lMS$P, $, Vl$
]l$_ l*. A]lOl$l {]l*MS VS$O]l ]lMS $ ]llV> l_ {l]l$
_MSl ^l ]lMS l]l l s *.
2. ]lMS$P, $, Vl$ ${ ^l]l l>l B ]lMS Z>yl$Mst l]l$ K Ol#MS$
E^.
3. r]lW]l ]lMS # V> ^ll$ MSP >M>Z Eyl s $rMS$
.
www.sakshieducation.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
R]l$ N^lyl
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
f$$
1. Cl]l*P
2. St. gl A$l 3. ]ll$yl]l G]lMS $#
4. Kl G]lMS $# 5. fsOl$]l G]lMS $# 6. Qyll G]lMS $#
7. MSyl {]l ]l G]lMS $# 8. l G]lMS $#
$O_eMS {$
f$$
1. G 2. . 3. . 4. 5. G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
5.5 BVS $
www.sakshieducation.com
1 ]l*$P {$
2 ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
4 ]l*$P {$
R]l$ N#]l
1.
2.
3.
4.
www.sakshieducation.com
$O_eMS {$
fl$^l$r
f$$
1. yl 2. 3. G 4. G 5.
{VS* - G
{VS* -
1. AVSl yl
( ) G) JMS MsMS B${
2. EMS{l B${
( ) ) l fMS B${
3. {l$MS BVS MS{l
( ) ) 3000&5000 fMS$
4. ]l$MS BVS MS{l ( ) yl) 1,00,000 fMS$ 30 ylMS$ E]l
5. {V>$ B${
( ) C) 1,00,000 fMS
G) rtMS l {V>]l$ {fM
h) {VS
f$$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
1. h 2. 3. C 4. yl 5. G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
JMS ]l*$P {$
4.
f
5.
f
6.
f
1.
f
2.
f
3.
f
2 ]l*$P {$
4. ]l*$P {$
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
R]l$ N^lyl
3. g$ M>
www.sakshieducation.com
4. "A'
www.sakshieducation.com
$O_eMS {$
4.
5.
6.
3.
2.
A]l$sZ A ]lQOl$]l
G) MS]l$
) ]lMS$P
) $MS
yl) ^l
^l]l*lZ Eyl r$l
) A
) C
yl) E
G) B12
{ B$ lM s > MS$ G Ol${M{V>]l r$l "A' C
G) 20,000
) 30,000
) 50,000
yl) 60,000
H B >Z r$l "G' MSl$
G) BMS$MS*$ )
) M>s
yl) O]l
AlMS ]l M>
G) V> Zf]l ^l$MS]lyl
) ]lylyl
) r$l & G Z
yl) G$*
{ Hy ]l$]llZ Gl]l$ $ All lyl$l$$?
G) 3 $$l$ ) $$l$
) 5 $$l$ yl) 7 $$l$
fl^l$r
f$$
1. G 2. 3. yl 4. yl 5. 6. yl
1.
{VS* & G
1. `MSs
2. 44%
3. 9%
4. 60,000 Ol${M{V>]l$
5. ^l M>$# ]l*l
(
(
(
(
(
{VS* &
) G. r$l "G' GMS$P]lV> A]l#l$.
) . { 6 l JMS s > $Ml r$l & A
) . r$l & A Z
) yl. {]l M> Z
) C. {sl MS MSZ
G. r$l "yl' Z
h. r$l "' Z
f$$
1. 2. C 3. yl 4. 5. G
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
MSf]l *VS{MS$
MSMS ]l]l$
MSf]l *VS{MS$ i]lMs ]l$]l$VSylMS$ B*lOl$]l ^l. MS i]l>$MS$
M>]l]l B, BMSfl D {MS$ >l .
2. M> MS $]l MSV> ^l i]l{MS$ MSf]l *VS{MS$.
3. MSf]l *VS{MS$ M> $]l ^l
4. BMS$^la lMSPZ Eyl l$]l#$ *M>, CO2]l$, s *W^l$MS$
yl>]l$ l*$^l M> $]l (sZMS$MS) ^l.
5. M>, CO2, E~{VSl$ M>M>V>]l$, l$]l#, $, GOg]l$ Al
M>M>$V> Es.
6. MSf]l *VS{MS$ > ]l*{ll$ ]lZ BMSfl Hyl$l$.
7. MSf]l *VS{MS$MS$ l $]l#$ {]l ]l>$.
8. i]l#$ ]lQOl$]l {MS$]l$ s^lMSl sMS ]l$]l$VSyl l$.
9. i]l# Z, l$ fVS AlMS {MS$MS$ MS M>.
10. lMSP$ $M>$, fl$]l#$ M>$.
1.
JMSP ]l*$P {$
1. i]l]l{MS$$ A]lV>l$?
f i]l# ]l$]l$VSylMS$, $VS$lMS$, ]l>]lMS A]lOl$]l {MS$]l$ i]l]l {MS$$
As$.
E@ , >{MS$, , j]l, {l$l.
2. {MSZ i g >lV> E^l i]l{MS$ H?
f {l$l.
3. $MS i]l# i]l]l l {]ll$?
f $MS i]l# i]l]l HMSMS MSf (OgVs) {]ll$.
4. MSZ {s] l*MS A]lOl$]l ]lyl>$?
f AOl$ B]l*$.
5. i]l#Z A]lOl$]l ]lyl> MS, > , ^l]l ]ls {MS$MS$ H
A]l?
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
14.
8.
f
9.
f
10.
f
11.
f
12.
f
13.
f
MS A]l.
*$ $l ]l$ i]l>$MS$ A]lOl$]l B>, BMSfl]l$ A^l HOMSMS i]l{MS$?
MSf]l *VS{MS$.
{{MS* ]l*l$M>$ A]lV>l$?
^l>M>M>$ A]l$ >$V> Hyl ]ll$ M >$ l*]l#. s
{{MS* ]l*l$M>$ As$.
^l>M>MS I + ^l>M>MS II {{MS* ]l*l$M>$ Ell$$.
yl > EMS l$g SMS H?
A*yll.
A*yll yl >MS H VS$ C$?
VS$.
M> $]l#]l$ H]l$ $$?
s]l$$.
M>r A]lV>l$?
JMS s]l$Z Eyl MS "M>r" As$
]l$]l MSsMS MS^l M> lVSOl?
400 & 700nm.
BMS$ ^la M>Z MSf]l *VS{MS$ f$VSl$. Gl$]l?
BMS$^la M> {ll# ]l~{l]l >]l]l ^l$. Al$]l D M>Z
MSf]l *VS{MS$ fVSl$.
M>Z H lVSOl MSf]l *VS{MS$ r$ GMS$P]lV> EylsMS
lyl$l$?
A$, M>l$MS$ lVSYV> Eyl GMS$P]l MSf]l *VS{MS$ f$#l$.
s lMSP$ CO2 ]l$ H *Z, H lV> {VS?
OM>ls, M>ls *Z {VS. {l a MS ]l$_ MSf]l
*VS{MS$ fVS MSMS$ > ^l$l$.
{l{]l$ H]l$ $$?
tl$s
{l{ B]l_ E]l MS$ H?
SMS MS$
l $]l#Z ]l~l H$s?
f
6.
f
7.
f
f
15.
f
16.
f
17.
f
18.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
B]l~MS {t]l*
rM>> () {V>]l As H$s?
OlM>yl l]l$ rM>> As$.
^l>MS{l As H$s?
MSf]l *VS{MS$MS$ A]lOl$]l {ll, A]l$l {l$ OlM>yl
l^lZ M]l# VSZ JMS ]l]lV> Hyl Es. ^l>MS{l As$.
^l>MS{$ yl$ M>$
i) M> ^l>]l]l
-- I ii) M> ^l>]l]l -- II
yl$ ]l*$P {$
f
19.
f
20.
f
M>
C6H12 O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
MMS
www.sakshieducation.com
4.
f
6.
f
5.
f
7.
f
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
8.
4 ]l*$P {$.
www.sakshieducation.com
6CO2 + 12H2O
M>
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
{l l
M> C H O + 6O + 6H O
C6 12 6
2
2
{l l
www.sakshieducation.com
fl$^l$r
2.
()
(yl)
(G)
(C)
()
{VS* & G
1. sl
2. M> $]l^l
3. O{yl
4. {l{$
5. ^l>MS{l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(yl)
(C)
(G)
()
()
{VS* &
G. 400&700nm.
. AOl$ B]l*$
. 0.03%
yl. s]l$$
C. yl
{VS* & G
1. M>$]l#$
2. A*yll
3. lM>
4. ]lZ CO2
5. {s]l$
1.
{VS* &
G. M>lr$$, OM>lr$$.
. OlM>yl.
. M>r MS.
yl. MSf]l *VS{MS$
C. tl$s.
R]l$ N^l$]l
MSZ {Ml A$]l# *MS .................. MS A]l. (A.T.P $]l)
...............Al M> $]l (sZ MS$MS) ^l. (MSf]l *VS{MS$)
{sl ]lMS$ M>]l]l ]lyl>$ ................ (AOl$ B]l*$)
{MSMS B$lOl$]l i]l]l{MS$ ................ (MSf]l *VS{MS$)
{lZ yl EMS l SMS ................ (A*yll)
lM> lVSOl ................ (400&700nm)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
()
()
(G)
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
3.
2.
1.
www.sakshieducation.com
()
(yl)
()
()
()
www.sakshieducation.com
(G)
(yl)
MSMS ]lN
$ M>$ B]l]l$ l*$^l {{MS$ - MSf]l *VS{MS$.
MSf]l *VS{MS$MS$ E*VSyl ]l# CO2, yl$l$ ]l# O2
MSf]l *VS{MS$MS$ A]lOl$]l M>M>$ M>, CO2, $, {ll,
GOg]l$, O]l E~{VSl.
MSf]l *VS{MS$ > Hyl O2, VS*Mg.
yl > S^l M>MS A*yll.
M> MS$ s]l$$.
s]l$Z Eyl MS M>r.
lM> lVSOl 400&700 nm.
V>Z CO2 0.03%
s lMSPMS$ CO2 OM>lr$, M>lr *Z Al$l$.
{l{$ ]l# { MS$ (O2, CO2) lyl$l$.
MSf]l *VS{MS$MS$ ]l MS{$ l $]l#$.
{s]l$ MS$ M>]l]l ]lyl>$ AOl$ B]l*$.
i]l# ]l$]l$VSylMS$, ]l>]lMS lyl i]l{MS$$.
]l$]l$VSylMS$, $VS$lMS$ lyl i]l{MS$$ , >{MS$, , j]l
llVS$]l.
i]l g >lV> E^l i]l{MS$ {l$l.
A*yll yl>MS VS$$.
l $]l# ]ll ]l~l A]l~MS ({t]l*)
{ll, A]l$l ]l~{l]l$ MS ^l>MS{l As$.
M> ^l>]l]l& I, M> ^l>]l]l & II Al OlM>yl Z E]l M]l#
VSZ Es.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
1.
2.
3.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
www.sakshieducation.com