Families of Flowering Plants

CONTENTS
Topic
1. FAMILY SOLANACEAE 2. FAMILY LILIACEAE 3. FAMILY LEGUMINOSAE Board Level Exercise Exercise - 1 Exercise - 2 Exercise - 3 Answer Key

Page No.
1-3 4-6 7 - 15 16 17 - 18 18 18 - 22 22 - 23

NEET Syllabus 2013

Families of flowering plants
Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Leguminosae

1. FAMILY SOLANACEAE
Classification
Kingdom Sub-Kingdom Division Class Sub-Class Series Order Family Plantae Phanerogamia Angiospermae Dicotyledonae Gamopetalae Bicarpellatae Polymoniales Solanaceae

Distribution :
90 genera and 2000 species include in this family. Plants are mostly found in Tropical and temperate region. Normally known as potato family.

Habit :
Plants are mostly Annual or perennial herbs. Ex : Nicotiana tabacum, solanum nigrum or shrubs Ex: Cestrum nocturnum, trees and climbers are rare.

Root :
Tap root system.

Stem :
Herbaceous or woody, Erect, hairy or Prickly Ex: Solanum xanthocarpum. In some plants it is modified into underground tubers Ex: Solanum tuberosum.

Leaf :
Simple, petiolated, exstipulate, Alternate, entire margin or dessected margin, unicostate reticulate venation. Exception : In tomato (Lycopersicum) leaves are pinnately compound in which the tip of the main axis terminates in a flower.

Inflorescence :
(a) Monochasial scorpioid Cyme - Ex: Atropa belladona (b) Monochasial Helicoid Cyme - Ex: Solanum Exceptions : (i) Solitary terminal - Ex: Datura (ii) Solitary axillary - Ex: Physalis

Flower :
Pedicellate, bracteate or Ebracteate, bisexual, Actinomorphic, complete, hypogynous, Pentamerous. Exception : Flower Zygomorphic - Ex: Hyocymous, schizanthus and salpiglossis.

Calyx :
5, Gamosepalous aestivation valvate, Persistent- (a) Accrescent- enlarged baloon like present on fruit Ex: physalis, Withania, (b) Marcescent-dry & hard calyx present on fruit Ex: S.melongena, odd sepal posterior. Exception : Spiny : Ex: S. xanthocarpum.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 1

Corolla :
5, Gamopetalous, valvate or imbricate aestivation, bell shaped or infundibulum. Exception Bilipped in schizanthus.

Androecium :
5, Polyandrous, Epipetalous, Anther dithecous, basifixed, introse. Exception : (i) 4 stamens are found in Salpiglossis in which two long and two short (didynamous stage) stamens are found. (ii) 2 stamens are present in schizanthus.

Gynoecium :
Bicarpellary, syncarpous. Bilocular, Axile placentation. Placenta is swollen, ovary situated on the thalamus obliquely. It is multilocular in datura and tomato due to the formation of false septum.

Fruit :
Berry : Single fleshy and non-dehiscent Ex : Tomato, Brinjal, Chillies, physalis.

Seed :
Endospermic, embryo erect or curved.

Pollination :
Normally Entomophily Exception : (i) Solanum tuberosum-self pollination (ii) Salpiglossis-cleistogamous pollination.

Floral formula : Floral diagram :

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 2

Note : Above floral diagram of NCERT text book is not completely correct because in the calyx
part - odd sepal anterior condition has been indicated but in Solanaceae the odd sepal is posterior that lies near the mother axis.

Economic Importance : (1) Food :

(i) Potato (Solanum tuberosum) : Edible part is starchy tuber (ii) Tomato (Lycopersicum esculantum) : Fruits are useful for manufacturing chutany & sauce (iii) Brinjal or Eggplant (Solanum melongena) : Fruits are used as vegetable Edible part is pericarp and placenta. (iv) Chillies (Capsicum annum) : Fruits used as condiments (v) Capsicum frutescence : Fruits used as Vegetables (vi) Gooseberry : (Physalis peruvianum) : Fruits are edible

2. Medicines :
(i) Aswagandha (Withania somnifera) : Roots yield a nerve tonic. It is used in manufacturing ayurvedic tonic aswagandharishtra. Aswagandha is also used in the treatment of rheumatism, hiccap, cough, fever etc. (ii) Atropa balladona : Medicine Belladona is obtained from roots. It is used in pain, as a sedative Atropine is used for the expansion of eyepupil before eye test. It is also used as opium antidote. (iii) Henbane (Hyocymus niger) : Medicine Henbane obtains from dried leaves and flowers which contain scopolamine and Hyocyamine alkaloid It is used in treatment of asthma, whooping cough, and as pain killer. (iv) Datura (Datura stramonium, D. metal or thorn apple) : Stramonium medicine obtains from leaves and flowers which contain atropine, Hyocyamine and scopolamine alkaloids. stramonium is used in the treatment of parkinsonia and asthma while scopolamine is used as sedative and pain killer. (v) Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) : Nicotine and anabasin alkaloids obtain from its leaves. It is used as sedative, Antispasmodic and vermifuge. Tobacco is poisonous. Former affects CNS (central nervous system) Tobacco alkaloid anabasine & nicotine are narcotic, cause cancer of mouth, lungs and heart disease.

3. Ornamental Plants :
(i) Lady of the night (Night jasmine) - Cestrum nocturnum (ii) Day jasmine - Cestrum diurnum (iii) Pitunia hybrida, P. alba (iv) Yesterday - Today tomorrow - Brunfelsia hopeana (v) Butterfly flower - Schizanthus sps (vi) Jasmine - Solanum Jasminoides (vii) Salpiglossis

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 3

2. FAMILY - LILIACEAE
Classification
kingdom Sub-kingdom Divison Class Series Family Plantae phanerogamia Angiospermae Monocotyledonae Coronarieae Liliaceae

Distribution :
250 genera and 4000 species, cosmopolitan distribution.

Habit :
Normal Parennial herbs Ex: Asphodelus some are shrubs Ex: Dracaena, some are climbers Ex: Smilax, Gloriosa, some are trees Ex: Yucca.

Root :
Usually adventitious roots. Fasciculated or tuberous roots are found in Asparagus.

Stem :
Aerial or under ground. Food stores in the underground stem like. 1. Bulb : Ex: Onion and Garlic 2. Corm : Ex: Colchicum automnale Modification of aerial stem (i) Cladode : Ex: Asparagus Exception : Abnormal secondary growth occur in Dracaena and Yucca.

Leaves :
Cauline, Radical (leaves locate on under ground stem) Ex: Asphodelus, Stipulate sessile, various types of phyllotaxy (alternate, opposite or whorled), parallel venation. Exception : (i) Reticulate venation - Ex : Smilax. (ii) In Gloriosa leaf tips are modified into tendrils while in smilax stipules are converted into tendrils. (iii) In Ruscus, leaves are modified into scales. (iv) In Asparagus - leaves are converted into spines.

Inflorescence :
Usually racemose or solitary axillary or terminal, penicle in Dracaena, Yucca, Spadix in Aloe While scapigerous umbel in onion (Allium sepa) in which Inflorescence come out from under ground stem and clusters of flowers develop on the tip as umbel but it is actually scorpioid cyme instead of umbel.

Flower :
Complete, bisexual, Bracteate, Trimerous, Actinomorphic, Hypogynous.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 4

Exception : (i) Zygomorphic flower - Ex: Lilium. (ii) Unisexual and Incomplete flower - Ex: Smilax and Ruscus. (iii) Tetramerous flower - Ex: Paris, Aspidiastra.

Parianth :
6 Tepals, in two whorls 3 + 3, (Polyphyllous or Gamophyllous), often united into tube, valvate aestivation , odd tepal anterior. Androecium : 6 Stamens arrange in two whorls 3 + 3, Polyandrous, Epiphyllous, Anther Dithecous, Basifixed or Versatile, Introse. Exception : (i) In paris 8 Stamens in two whorl, 4 + 4. (ii) In Ruscus only 3 stamens of inner whorl are present.

Gynoecium :
Tricarpellary, Syncarpous, Axile placentation, Trilocular, Stigma trifid. In onion gynobasic style is present. Fruit : Berry - Ex: Lily or Capsule Ex: Onion. Seed : Endospermic.

Pollination :
Entomophilous, Pollination through a specific insect Ex : By Pronuba yuccasela in Yucca.

Floral - formula : Br. Note : In NCERT text book, in the floral formula (
( ) is not mentioned although it is mentioned in floral diagram ) epiphyllous condition

Floral diagram :

Economic Importance : (1) Food :

(i) Onion - (Allium cepa) : Edible part is bulbs and fleshy leaves. (ii) Garlic - (Allium sativum) : Bulbs. (iii) Asparagus officinalis : Fasciculated roots.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 5

(2) Medicines :
(i) Smilax zeylanica : Roots yield sarsperilla like drug for purifying blood, piles, leprosy, gonorrhoea. (ii) Allium sativum : Useful in Heart disease and rheumatism. (iii) Asphodelus tenuifolius : Its seed are useful in the treatment of ulcer and swelling. (iv) Crinum asiaticum : Extract of leaves is used in rheumatism and ear pain (v) Fritillaria cirrhosa : Drieds bulbs useful in Tuberculosis and Asthma (vi) Aloe : Used in skin disease and constipation()

(3) Other uses :

(i) Colchicum luteum and C. automnale : Colchicine obtain from roots which is used in experiment of induce polyploidy. (ii) Indian bow string hemp (Sansivieria roxburghiana) : Fibres obtain from leaves which are useful for making rops, nets, etc. (iii) Dragons blood plant (Dracaena draca) : Red coloured resin obtain from its stem. It is also called Dragon blood. Metals are polished by this resin. (iv) Phormium tenax : Its oil is used in making paints & Varnish.

(4) Ornamental plants :

(i) Mother in Laws tongue (ii) Drager plant (iii) Glory lily (iv) Asparagus fern (v) Tulips (iv) Lily (vii) Butchers boom (viii) Satavar Sansivieria trifasciata Yucca alolifolia Gloriosa superba Asparagus plumosus Tulipa gesneriana Lilium bulbiferum Ruscus aculeatus Asparagus officinale

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 6

3. FAMILY LEGUMINOSAE
Classification :
Kingdom Sub - Kingdom Division Class Sub - class Series Order Family Plantae Phenerogamia Angiospermae Dicotyledonae Polypetalae Calyciflorae Rosales Leguminosae

It is also called Legume family this is the second largest family of Dicots. Leguminosae is divided into three sub-families on the basis of variations in corolla, Androecium and other parts. These sub families are as follows. (I) Papilionatae (II) Caesalpinoideae (III) Mimosoideae

(I) PAPILIONATAE (FABACEAE) : Distribution :

It includes about 400 genera and 12000 species, cosmopolitan distribution. According to ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) its new name is Lotoideae. Most of the plants of this sub family are found in Tropical and sub-tropical areas.

Habit :
Usually Annual or parennial herbs, shrubs, some are Tendril climbers like Pisum sativum, Lathyrus odoratus, some are Twiners like Clitoria and some are trees like Delbergia sisoo.

Roots :
Tap root system, Many plants have nodules on secondary roots. Nitrogen fixing bacteria-Rhizobium lie in the root nodules in the symbiotic form.

Stem :
Erect, Herbaceous or woody, cylindrical, branched, solid, some are twiners like Dolichos lab lab.

Leaf :
Stipulate, Alternate, Unipinnately compound and imparipinnate, Pulvinous leaf base, ReticulateVenation. In Pisum sativum and Lathyrus odoratus, upper leaf lets are modified into tendrils. Exception : Palmately compound leaves, Ex: Trifolium and Melilotus. Inflorescence : Usually Raceme or Solitary axillary, Ex: Lathyrus aphaca.

Flower :
Bracteate, bracteolate, Pedicellate, bisexual, Zygomorphic, Pentamerous, Perigynous.

Calyx :
5, Gamosepalous, Valvate or imbricate aestivation, odd sepal anterior.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 7

Corolla :
5, Polypetalous, Descending imbricate or vexillary aestivation in which the posterior large bilobed petal called vexillum or standard overlaps the two smaller lateral petals named wings or alae. The latter overlaps the two small anterior petals which are fused lightly by the upper anterior margins called keel or carina. This type of coralla is also called Papilionaceous corolla. Exception : Petals absent in Lespedeza.

Androecium :
10 stamens, Diadelphous in which filaments of 9 stamens are fused while one stamen is free, Anther dithecous, Dorsifixed, Introse, Inserted. Exception : (i) 9 Monoadelphous stamens are found in Arachis hypogea and Delbergia sisso. (ii) 10 free or polyandrous stamens present in Sophora. (iii) 10 monoadelphous stamens present in Crotolaria and Pongamia.

Gynoecium :
Monocarpellary, Unilocular, Marginal Placentation, style one.

Fruit :
Legume or pod which is single, dry, dehiscent fruit. Exception : Lomentum in Arachis and Desmodium.

Seed : Non-endospermic. Pollination :

Entomophilly but self pollination occurs in Pisum sativum.

Floral formula : Br. Floral diagram :

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 8

Economic Importance : (1) Pulses :

(i) (ii) (iii) Green gram Gram Pea Phaseolus radiatus syn. vigna radiata Cicer aerietinum Pisum sativum Lens culinaris Cajanus cajan Vigna unguiculata Glycin max Phaseolus vulgaris Vigna aconitifolia Phaseolus mungo syn Vigna munga

(iv) Lentils (v) Pegeon pea

(vi) Cow pea (vii) soyabean (viii) French bean (ix) (x) Sew gram Black gram

Point of Remember
Khaseri dal (Lathyrus sativus) : The use of this pulse causes lathyrism disease.

(2) Vegetables :
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Fenugreek Lablab Cluster bean Cow pea Bakala Trigonella foenum-graceum Dolicos lablab Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Vigna unguiculata Vicia faba

(3) Oils :
(i) Ground nut (Arachis hypogea) : Oil is obtained from seeds and used for cooking and manufacture of vegetable ghee. Oil cake is used for cattle and as bio-fertilizer. (ii) Soyabean (Glycin max) : Oil is obtained from seeds, used for cooking, and manufacturing for ink of printing, Paints, Insectides. Oil cake contain 32-42% proteins which are called soya nagates. (iii) Pongamia pinnatta : Oil from seeds used for manufacturing soap and lubricants.

(4) Fibres :
(i) Sun hemp (Crotolaria juncea) : Bast fibres obtain from stem which are useful in manufacturing Rops, cannvas, sacs. (ii) Dhaincha (lesbania cannabinus) :

(5) Fodder :
(i) Egyptean clover or Barseem - Trifolium alexandrium. (ii) Alfa alfa - (Medicago sativa). (iii) Indian Clover or senji - Melilotus alba. (iv) Sweet clover or van methi - M.indica. (v) Subabool - Leucaena leucocephala. (vi) Cesbania - C. aegyptiaca

(6) Dyes :
(i) Indigo or neel (Indigophora tinctoria) : Blue dye obtains from leaves and young branches. (ii) Dak (Butea monosperma) : Yellow orange dye obtains from petals of flowers. It is also called Flame of Forest. RESONANCE NEET_Families of flowering plants - 9

(iii) Red sandel (Pterocarpous santalinus) : Red dye extracted from heart wood.

(7) Timber :
(i) Shisham - Dalbergia sisoo (ii) Indian rose wood (kala shisham)- Dalbergia latifolia (iii) Indian Kino tree - Pterocarpus marsupium. (iv) African black wood - Dalbergia melanoxylon.

(8) Gum :
(i) Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer) : Tragacanth gum is useful in confectionary, textile industry and cosmetics. (ii) Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) : Guargum obtains from seeds, used in textiles, paper industry and cosmetics. (iii) Bengal kino (Butea) : Gum has medicinal use.

(9) Insecticides :
(i) Deris elliptica : Rotenone Insecticide is obtained.

(10) Ornamental plants :

(i) Phoolmantar or sweet pea - Lathyrus odoratus (ii) Indian telegraph plant - Desmodium gyrans (iii) Japanees pagoda tree - Sophora japonica (iv) Indian coral tree - Erythrima undica (v) Butterfly pea - Clitoria termata (vi) Flame of Forest - Butea monosperma

(11) Medicines :
(i) Jewellers weight Ratti- (Abrus prictorious) : Oinment prepared from leaves used in leucoderma seeds were used by jewellers in weighing ornaments. (ii) Liquorice or mulaithi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) : Roots are useful in cough.

(II) SUB-FAMILY CAESALPINOIDEAE Distribution :

It includes 150 genera and 2800 species these are usually found in Tropical and sub-tropical areas.

Habit :
Mostly trees like - Gulmohar (Delonix regea), Amaltas (Cassia fistula), Tamarindus indica, Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata).

Roots :
Tap root system.

Stem :
Woody, Erect, branched, cylindrical, solid.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 10

Leaf :
Cauline & Ramal, Petiolate, Pulvinous leaf base, Alternate, Unipinnately compound and paripinnate, Reticulate Venation. Exception : Bipinnately compound leaves are found in Parkinsonia and gulmohar. Phyllode present in Parkinsonia. Inflorescence : Raceme or panicle.

Flower :
Pedicellate, Bracteate, Bisexual, Zygomorphic, Perigynous, Pentamerous.

Calyx :
5 sepals, polysepalous, odd sepal anterior, Imbricate aestivation.

Corolla :
5 petals, polypetalous, Ascending imbricate aestivation. In Tamarindus indica two anterior petals are found as a scale. Exception : Petals absent in Saraca indica.

Androecium :
10 stamens in two whorls 5+ 5, Polyandrous, usually three posterior stamens are sterile and resting 7 stamens are fertile. The 3 sterile stamens are known as staminode. Exception : (i) Tamarindus - 7 stamens, monoadelphous, in which 4 staminode. (ii) Bauhinia variegata - 5 Normal stamens. (iii) Parkinsonia - All the 10 stamens are fertile.

Gynoecium : As Papilionatae. Fruit :

Legume. Exception Lomentum Ex: Tamarindus.

Seed :
Non-endospermic or Endospermic.

Pollination : Entomophily. Floral formula : Br. Floral diagram :

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 11

Economic Importance : (1) Food :

Floral diagram

(i) Bauhinia Variegata : Floral buds are used as vegetable.

(ii) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) : Leaves and unripe fruits used for preparing chutney. (2) Dyes :
(i) Caesalpinia sappan (Gulal) : Red-orange dye obtains from heart wood that is used in textile industry. (ii) Logwood (Haematoxylon compechianum) : Haematoxylin stain is obtained from heart wood which is used in the staining of Nucleus.

(3) Medicines :
(i) Cassia fistula : Immature fruits are laxative. (ii) Cassia sophora : Leaves are useful in Ringworm. (iii) Cassia glauca : Bark and leaves are used in Diabetes and Gonorrhoea. (iv) Saraca indica : Bark is useful in menstrual disorder. Aurvedic medicine Asokarishtra is prepared by its bark.

(4) Tanning :
(i) Bauhinia purpurea - Bark is used (ii) Bauhinia malabarica - Bark is used (iii) Caesalpinia digyna - Bark is used

(5) Gum :
It is obtained from the stem of Bauhinia variegata and B. Vahalii (camelsfoot tree).

(6) Other uses :

(i) Anjan (Hardwikia binata) : Tiers and ploughs are manufactured by its wood. (ii) Phanera Vahalii : Gum obtains for commercial purpose and Bark fibres are useful in making Ropes and Baskets.

(7) Ornamental Plants :

(i) Gulmohar or Royal poinciana - Delonix regea. (ii) Kachnar - Bauhinia Variegata. (iii) Ashok - Saraca indica.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 12

(iv) Peacock Flower - Caesalpinia pulcherima. (v) Amaltas - Cassia fistula. (vi) Jerusalem thorn - Parkinsonia aculeata (Vilaiti Kikar).

(III) SUB-FAMILY MIMOSOIDEAE Distribution : 56 genera & 2800 species, these are usually found in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. Habit :
Mostly trees Ex: Acacia, Some are shrubs Ex: Dicrostaychis, rarely woody climber Ex: Entada. Some plants are xerophyte Ex: Acacia, some are floating hydrophytes Ex: Neptunia oleracia.

Root :
Tap root system.

Stem :
Erect, solid, cylindrical, branched, woody.

Leaf :
Petiolate, Alternate, Stipulate, pinnately compound and paripinnate, Reticulate Venation, Pulvinus leaf base. Exception : (i) Phyllode Ex: Australian acacia. (ii) Stipules convert into spines in Acacia nilotica.

Inflorescence :
(i) Racemose head : The tip of floral axis is swollen and sessile flowers are basipetally arranged on the former. Ex: Acacia. (ii) Spike : Ex: Prosopis.

Flower :
Bracteate, Actinomorphic, bisexual, Perigynous, Sessile, Tetramerous or pentamerous.

Calyx :
4-5 sepals, Polysepalous or Gamosepalous, aestivation Valvate.

Corolla :
4-5 petals, sometime Gamopetalous, Valvate.

Androecium :
Indefinate stamens, Polyandrous, filament long, Anther dithecous, Dorsifixed, Introse, Exserted. Exception : (i) Prosopis - 10 stamens, polyandrous (ii) Mimosa - 4 stamens, polyandrous (iii) Acrocarpus - 5 stamens, polyandrous (iv) Albizia - stamens Monadelphous

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 13

Gynoecium :
As papilionatae.

Fruit :
Mostly lomentum or legume.

Seed :
Non-endospermic.

Pollination :
Entomophilly.

Floral formula : Br. Floral diagram :

Economic Importance : (1) Timber and fuel :

(i) Desi babool - Acacia arabica. (ii) Khazari - Prosopis Cinerarifolia. (iii) Jumbo - Xylia Xylocarpa. (iv) Cerrish - Albizzia lebake. (v) Indian iron wood - Xylia dolabini formis.

(2) Food & Fodder :

(i) Albizzia lebac : Leaves are used as food and fodder. (ii) Pithecolobium dulce : Fruit and aril are Red coloured and sweet. (iii) Neptunia oleracia : Fruits are edible.

(3) Gum :
It is mostly obtained from Acacia species. The gum obtain from Acacia sengal is called Gum arabic. It is used in medicines, confectionery & textile.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 14

(4) Ornamental Plants :

(i) Chui-mui (Mimosa pudica) - Touch me not. (ii) Lazwanti - Neptunia oleracia. (iii) Australian acacia - Acacia melaxylon. (iv) Hedge plant - Pithecolobium dulce.

(5) Other uses :

(i) Soappod (Acacia concina) : Shikakai Pod contains saponin used for washing hair. (ii) Acacia catechu : Katha is obtained from Heart wood. (iii) Prosopis specigera : Grown as wind breaker in Rajasthan. (iv) Acacia farmesiana : Cassic perfume obtain from its flowers.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 15

Type (I) : Very Short Answer Type Questions : 1. Give botanical name & family of the following plants. (1) Gram 2. 3. Write the flower formula of Pea. Give the name of family, in which following characters are found (A) Parietal placentation 4. (B) Marginal placentation (2) Onion

[01 Marks Each]

Write botanical name & economic importance of following.

(A) Sun hemp 5. In which plant, replum is present ?

(B) Datura

Type (II) : Short Answer Type Questions : 6. Give the botanical name & floral formula of plants of following each family. (A) Liliaceae 7. Define the following terms : (1) Aestivation Type (III) : Long Answer Type Questions: 8. Compare the androecium & gynoecium of Solanaceae & Liliaceae families (2) Placentation (2) Solanaceae

[02 Marks Each]

[03 Marks Each]

9.

Differentiate between (1) Racemose and Cymose inflorescence (2) Apocarpous and Syncarpous ovary

10.

Write the floral formula of a actinomorphic, bisexual , epigynous flower with five united sepals, five free petals, five free stamens and two united carples with inferior ovary and axile placentation.

11.

Explain with example i. Diadelphous ii. Epipetalous iii. Axile placentation iv Epiphyllous

12.

Identify the placentation of the given examples. Lily, onion, Tomato, Soyabean, Tulip, Trifolium

Type (IV) : Very Long Answer Type Questions: 13.

[05 Mark Each]

Describe different characteristics of Solanaceae family. Give floral formula, floral diagram & botanical name of two economic important plants.

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 16

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. In scapigerous umbel the flowers are arranged in manner (1) Corymb (3) Panicle 2. (2) Umbel (4) Monochasial scorpiod cyme

The floral formula for sub family Papilionatae is represented as (1) Br % (3) Br K(5) C1+2+(2) A 1+ (9)G1 % K(5) C1+2+(2) A9+1G1 (2) Pisum (2) Br K(5)C5 A 1 + (9) G1

(4) Ebr or Br % K(5) C1+2+(2) A10 G1 (3) Glycine (4) Arachis

3.

Which of the following genera is Characterised by the production of geocarpic fruits (1) Cucurbita

4.

Blue dye is obtained from the leaves of (1) Indigofera tinctoria (2) Opium (3) Aloe (4) Delbergia sisoo

5.

The name Papilionatae and Cruciferae is based on (1) Corolla (2) Androecium (3) Gynoecium (4) Fruit

6.

Staminodes commonly occur in (1) Liliaceae (2) Papilionatae (3) Caesalpinoideae (4) All the above

7.

The botanical name for 'Shikakai' is (1) Acacia catechu (2) Acacia concinna (3) Acacia senegal (4) Acacia nilotica

8.

Haematoxylon campechianum, the heart wood of which yields dye 'haematoxylin' belongs to (1) Papilionaceae (2) Caesalpinoideae (3) Mimosoideae (4) Cucurbitaceae

9.

Ascending imbricate corolla is found in (1) Pisum / Papilionatae (3) Mimosa / Mimosoideae (2) Tamarindus / Caesalpinoideae (4) Datura / Solanaceae

10.

Floral formula of Cesalpinoideae is (1) % (3) % K5 C(5) A1+(9) G1 K5 C(5) A10 G1 (2) % (4) % K(5) C(5)A5 G1 K5 C5 A7+3 G1

11.

From which part of Acacia the 'Kattha' used with betel is obtained (1) Pods (2) Roots (3) Heart wood (4) Bark

12.

Bipinnate leaves and spiny stipules is the characteristics of (1) Papilionatae (2) Cesalpinoideae (3) Mimosoideae (4) Malvaceae

13.

Parkinsonia is an example of (1) Phylloclade (3) Parachute mechanism (2) Winged fruit (4) Phyllode

14.

Phylloclade and cladodes commonly occur in (1) Liliaceae (2) Solanaceae (3) Malvaceae (4) Papilionaceae

15.

In which of the family the stamens are in two whorls and epiphyllous (1) Malvaceae (2) Solanaceae (3) Liliaceae (4) Caesalpinoideae

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 17

16.

Ratcide Urginia indica belongs to family (1) Liliaceae (2) Cruciferae (3) Malvaceae (4) Solanaceae

17.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of fabaceae ? (1) Descending imbricate, ten stamens, diadelphous, ovary inferior (2) Sepals five, gamosepalous, imbricate aestivation, axile placentation (3) Monocarpellary ovary inferior, style long, slightly bent at the apex (4) Zygomorphic flowers, vexillary aestivation in corolla, monocarpellary, ovary superior, diadelphous ten stamens, many ovules, placentaion marginal

AIIMS CORNER ASSERTION / REASONING

1. Name the family having (9) + 1 arrangement of stamens (1) Solanaceae 2. (2) Asteraceae (3) Liliaceae (4) Fabaceae. (AIIMS - 2001)

The family containing mustard and its main characters are (AIIMS 2005) (1) Brassicaceae - Tetramerous flowers, six stamens, bicarpellary gynoecium, siliqua type fruit (2) Brassicaceae - Pentamerous flowers, many stamens, pentacarpellary gynoecium, capsule type fruit (3) Solanaceae - Pentamerous flowers, five stamens, bicarpellary gynoecium, berry type fruit (4) Poaceae - Trimerous flowers, three stamens; monocarpellary gynoecium, caryopsis type of fruit

3.

Pappus helps in dispersal of pollen in (1) Asteraceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Malvaceae (4) Solanaceae

(AIIMS 2011)

4.

Feathery stigma belongs to (1) wheat (2) pea (3) Datura (4) Caesalpinia

(AIIMS 2011)

5.

Inflorescence of Liliaceae is (1) Actinomorphic (2) Trimerous (3) Pentamerous (4) Imperfect

(AIIMS 2011)

PART- 1

1.

Plants which are used as green manure in crop fields and in sandy soil (1) Crotolaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum (3) Saccharum munja and Lantana camara

(AIPMT - 2003)

(2) Calotropis procera and Phyllanthus niruri (4) Dichanthium annulatum and Acacia nilotica.

2.

Three crops that contribute maximum to global food production are (AIPMT - 2005) (1) Wheat, Rice and Maize (3) Wheat, Maize and Sorghum (2) Wheat, Rice and Barley (4) Rice, Maize and Sorghum
NEET_Families of flowering plants - 18

RESONANCE

3.

What type of placentation is seen in Sweet Pea ? (1) Marginal (2) Basal (3) Axile

(AIPMT - 2006) (4) Free central

4.

Pentamerous actinomorphic flowers, bicarpellary ovary with oblique septum and a fruit of capsule or berry, belong to family (1) Liliaceae (2) Asteraceae is that of (2) Tulip (3) Soybean (4) Sunnhemp (AIPMT 2010) (2) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (4) Brassica compestris (AIPMT Pre- 2010) (3) Bean (4) Gulmohur (3) Brassicaceae (4) Solanaceae (AIPMT - 2009) (AIPMT - 2006)

5.

The floral formula (1) Tobacco

6.

The floral formula

K2+2 C4 A2+4G(2) represents

(1) Solanum nigrum (3) Citrus aurantum 7. Keel is characteristic of the flowers of (1) Cassia 8. (2) Calotropis

Consider the following four statement A, B, C, and D select the right option for two correct statements. Statements (AIPMT Main-2010)

(A) In vexillary aestivation the large posterior petal is called - standard, two lateral ones are wings and two small anterior petals are termed keel. (B) The floral formula for Liliaceae is (C) In pea flower the stamens are monoadelphous (D) The floral formula for Solanaceae is The correct statements are (1) (C) and (D) 9. (2) (A) and (C) (3) (A) and (B) (4) (B) and (C) (AIPMT - 2012) (3) Solanaceae (4) Brassicaceae

Vexillary aestivation is characteristic of the family (1) Fabaceae (2) Asteraceae

10.

Colchicum autumnale is a member of (1) Brassicaceae (2) Liliaceae (3) Poaceae (4) Fabaceae

(CPMT- 1985)

11.

Axile placentation occurs in (1) Asteraceae and Fabaceae (3) Solanaceae and Liliaceae (2) Brassicaceae and Solanaceae (4) Brassicaceae and Solanaceae

(APMEE - 1991)

12. (1) Liliaceae 13. Red Pepper is

is floral formula of (2) Brassicaceae (3) Asteraceae

(CPMT-1993, RPMT - 2006) (4) Poaceae

(BHU - 1988, 1990, 1992, RPMT - 1996) (2) Solanum nigrum (4) Physalis peruviana.

(1) Capsicum anuum (3) Lycopersicum esculentum

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 19

14.

Oil yielding legume is (1) Carthamus (2) Glycine max (3) Ricinus

(RPMT - 1998) (4) Vigna sinensis. (Pb.P.M.T. - 2000) (3) Liliaceae (4) Poaceae (M.P.P.M.T. - 2001) (3) Calendula (4) Aconitum (MPPMT - 2001)

15.

Lycopersicum esculentum belongs to family (1) Brassicaceae (2) Solanaceae

16.

Belladona is obtained from (1) Atropa (2) Hyoscyamus

17.

Name the plant from seeds of which oil is obtained (1) Cicer arietinum (3) Saccharum munja (2) Saccharum officinarum (4) Arachis hypogea

18.

Largest family of flowering plants is (1) Fabaceae (2) Liliaceae (3) Poaceae

(Tamil Nadu - 2001) (4) Asteraceae.

19.

Epipetalous stamen, obliquely placed placenta and fruit berry or capsule are diagnostic features of family : (RPMT - 2001) (1) Cruciferae (2) Solanaceae (3) Malvaceae (4) Labiatae

20.

Seeds which are used as Jweller's weight (1) Xanthium (2) Abrus precatorius (3) Calotropis (4) Thespasia (RPMT - 2001) (3) Petiole (4) Stem (RPMT - 2001) (2) Pome (3) Hesperidium (4) Drupe (RPMT - 2001) (2) Inflorescence (3) Stem (4) Bud (Uttaranchal - 2001, CPMT - 2004) (3) Asteraceae (4) Liliaceae. (JIPMER- 2002)

21.

Cladode is the modification of (1) Leaf (2) Root

22.

The fruit of orange is (1) Pepo

23.

Edible part of cabbage is (1) Flower

24.

Diadelphous condition occurs in (1) Solanaceae (2) Fabaceae

25.

Flower of Fabaceae is (1) Complete, zygomorphic, pentamerous(2) Complete, actinomorphic, trimerous (3) Incomplete, zygomorphic, trimerous

(4) Incomplete, actinomorphic, pentamerous. (RPMT - 2002) (2) Tetramerous flower (4) Zygomorphic flower (RPMT - 2002) (3) Leaf (4) Leaflet

26.

Family Liliaceae is characterised by (1) Trimerous flower (3) Pentamerous flower

27.

In sweet pea tendrils are modified (1) Stipule (2) Stem

28.

In which of the following aestivation of sepals & petals one margin covers the other & its margin is covered by previous one (1) Valvate (2) Twisted (3) Imbricate (4) Quincuncial (RPMT - 2002)

29.

Swollen placentae, oblique septum and epipetalous stamen are characteristics of family (A.M.U. - 2002) (1) Brassicaceae (2) Asteraceae (3) Poaceae (4) Solanaceae. (RPMT - 2003) (4) Liliaceae

30.

Epipetalous stamens and axile placentation are found in (1) Cruciferae (2) Leguminosae (3) Malvaceae

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 20

31.

Colchicum plant which gives colchicine alkaloid belongs to which family (1) Leguminosae (2) Malvaceae (3) Liliaceae (4) Cruciferae

(RPMT - 2003)

32.

Subfamilies of Leguminosae family are differentiated on the basis of (1) Gynoecium (3) Nature of plant (2) Corolla & Androecium (4) Nature of fruit

(RPMT - 2003)

33.

Floral diagram represents (1) Position of Flower (3) Structure of Flower

(RPMT - 2003) (2) Number and arrangement of floral parts (4) Nature of plant (Orissa - 2004) (4) Phaseolus coccineus. (RPMT - 2004) (3) Solanaceae (4) Liliaceae (BHU - 2005) (4) Asteraceae. (AFMC - 2005) (4) Tomato. (CPMT - 2005) (3) Siliqua (4) Pod or achene (RPMT- 2005) (3) Brassicaceae (4) Liliaceae (RPMT - 2005) (3) Coloured petals (4) None (Bih. PMT- 2006) (3) Asteraceae (4) Malvaceae (Orissa - 2006)

34.

Green Gram is (1) Vigna radiata(2) Vigna mungo(3) Phaseolus vulgaris

35.

Ornamental plant 'Tulip' belongs to which family (1) Asterceae (2) Brassicaceae

36.

Trimerous flower, superior ovary with axile placentation are characteristic of (1) Liliaceae (2) Cucurbitaceae (3) Solanaceae

37.

Which of the following members of family Solanaceae is rich in vitamin C (1) Guava (2) Gooseberry (3) Strawberry

38.

In Solanaceae the fruit is (1) Drupe (2) Berry or Capsule

39.

Perianth occurs in family (1) Solanaceae (2) Fabaceae

40.

Colour of Bougainvillea is due to (1) Coloured sepals (2) Coloured bracts

41.

Aloe used in medicine belongs to family (1) Solanaceae (2) Liliaceae

42.

Soyabean belongs to (1) Fabaceae (2) Poaceae (3) Solanaceae (4) Asteraceae

43.

Name the most advanced family of monocots (1) Arecaceae (2) Orchidaceae (3) Poaceae (4) None of the above

(Orissa - 2006)

44.

Leguminous plant used for prevention of Parkinson's syndrome is (1) Acacia catechu (2) Acacia arabica (3) Abrus precatorius (4) Arabidopsis

(Orissa - 2006)

45.

Monocarpellary ovary, diadelphous androecium and marginal placentation occur in (1) Brassicaceae (2) Asteraceae (3) Liliaceae

(BHU - 2007)

(4) Papilionaceae / Fabaceae (UP CPMT Medical - 2009)

46.

Lady finger (Bhindi) belongs to (1) Malvaceae (2) Cruciferae (3) Solanaceae

(4) Liliaceae (RPMT - 2011)

47.

The term Keel is used for special type of (1) Sepals (2) Petals (3) Stamens (4) Carpels

48.

Polyadelphous stamens are found in (1) Cotton (2) Sunflower (3) Grain (4) Lemon

(RPMT - 2011)

49.

Replum is the characteristic feature of the (1) Asteraceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Malvaceae (4) Liliaceae

(RPMT - 2011)

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 21

50.

...............are Quinine are obtained from the of (1) Leguminosae (2) Asteraceae (3) Rubiaceae (4) Poaceae

(RPMT - 2011)

51.

Which of the following includes largest number of genera and species of plants ? (1) Brassicaceae (2) Liliaceae (3) Malvaceae (4) Asteraceae

(RPMT - 2011)

52.

Flowers are zygomorphic in (1) Mustard (2) Radish (3) Lily (4) Candytuft

(RPMT - 2011)

BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE : HINT & SOLUTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. (1) Gram Cicer arietinum, Fabaceae Br % K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9) + 1 G1 (B) Fabaceae (2) OnionAllium Cepa, Liliaceae

(A) Cruciferae

(A) Sunhemp Crotolaria juncea fibres obtain from bast that are used in making ropes, sacs (B) DaturaDatura stramonium Drug stramonium obtains from it that is used in the treatement of Asthma, Parkinsonia.

5. 6.

Mustard (A) Liliaceae Satavar Asparagus remosus Br.

P3+3 A3+3 G(3)

(B) Solanaceae (Nicotiana tabacum)

+ + K(5) C (5) A5 G (2)

7.

(1) Aestivation : The arrangement of floral parts like petals/Sepals in respect to each other in bud condition of flower is called aestivation. (2) Placentation: Ovules arrange on placenta in specific manner, that is called placentation.

8.
Solanaceae Androecium Polyandrous, Epipetalous Liliaceae 6, arrange in 3+3 sequence, Epiphyllous Axile

Bicarphellary, ovary Tricarpellary, Gynoecium oblique, Swollen placenta, placentation, Axile placetation

RESONANCE

NEET_Families of flowering plants - 22

9.

(1) Racemose and Cymose inflorescence Racemose (i) Branch of unlimited growth (ii) Tip of peduncle never bears flower (2) Apocarpous and Syncarpous ovary Apocarpous (i) Carpels separate to each other (ii) Phylogenetically primitive Syncarpous (i) Carpels fuse with each other (ii) Phylogenetically advanced Cymose (i) Branch of limited growth (ii) Tip of peduncle bears flowers

10. 11.

+ + K(5) C(5) A5 G(2)

i. Diadelphous condition Filaments of stamens fuse to form two groups but their Anthers separate to each. Ex. Pea ii. Epipetalous condition Stamens fuse with petals Ex.: Tomato, Tobacco iii. Axile placentation Ovules are borne on placenta of central axis and they are separated by partitioned septa. Ex.: Onion, Brinjal, Tobacco, Chinarose, Citrus iv. Epiphyllous conditon: Stamens fuse with tepals of parianth Ex.: Lily, onion

12.

Lily Axile placentation, OnionAxile placentation TomatoAxile placentation, Soyabeen Marginal placentation, Tulip Axile placentation, TrifoliumMarginal placentation.

13.

See page no. 1, 2, 3

EXERCISE - 1
1. 6. 11. 16. (4) (3) (3) (1) 2. 7. 12. 17. (1) (2) (3) (4) 3. 8. 13. (4) (2) (4) 4. 9. 14. (1) (2) (1) 5. 10. 15. (1) (4) (3)

EXERCISE - 2
1. (4) 2. (1) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (2)

EXERCISE - 3
1. 6. 11. 16. 21. 26. 31. 36. 41. 46. 51. (1) (4) (3) (1) (4) (1) (3) (1) (2) (1) (4) 2. 7. 12. 17. 22. 27. 32. 37. 42. 47. 52. (1) (3) (1) (4) (3) (4) (2) (4) (1) (2) (4)
NEET_Families of flowering plants - 23

3. 8. 13. 18. 23. 28. 33. 38. 43. 48.

(1) (3) (1) (4) (4) (2) (2) (2) (2) (4)

4. 9. 14. 19. 24. 29. 34. 39. 44. 49.

(4) (1) (1) (2) (2) (4) (1) (4) (3) (2)

5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 30. 35. 40. 45. 50.

(1) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (4) (2) (4) (3)

RESONANCE