- -

-1
/

(i
(ii
(iii

i i = 1

a + ib :

*
:
/

) ( a; b

:
2

) ( a; b

ID
2

)' ( a '; b

' a = a ' a + ib = a '+ ib

' b =b

* ' a = a ' a + ib = a '+ ib ' b = b

* ' a + ib = a '+ ib i ( b b ') = a ' a

a ' a
' b b
'b b

) ( a; b

)' ( a '; b

=i
a ' a

'b b

i i
' b = b a ' a = 0 a ' = a
/

* z = a + ib ( a; b ) 2
a . Re ( z ) = a
b Im ( z ) = b
z = a + ib ( a; b ) 2

z
z = 17 /
z = 5i 3 /z = 2 3i /
z = 2 3i /
/
z = a + ib ' z = a '+ ib

z + z ' = ( a + a ') + ( b + b ') i

*
*

) ( a; b

)' ( a '; b

z z ' = ( aa ' bb ' ) + ( ab '+ a ' b ) i

* = ( a 2 b 2 ) + 2abi

) ( a + ib

( a ib )2 = ( a 2 b2 ) 2abi

( a + ib )( a ib ) = a 2 + b 2

1
1
a bi
a
bi
=
= 2
= 2
2
*
2
2
z a + bi a + b
a +b
a + b2
z
) a bi ( a + bi )( a ' b ' i
=
=
z ' 0
*
z ' a '+ b ' i
a '2 + b '2
* i
n
i n = i n = 4k + 1 k
i n = 1 n = 4k k
i n = i n = 4k + 3 k
i n = 1 n = 4k + 2 k

) (1 2i
2i
3 2i
1
-1
+
;
;
3i
i
2+i
2 3i
1
2 + 3i
2 + 3i 2 3
=
=
= + i
2 3i ( 2 3i )( 2 + 3i ) 4 + 9 13 13
2

3 2i ( 3 2i )( 2 i ) 6 2 3i 4i 4 7
=
=
= i
2+i
5
5 5
) ( 2 + i )( 2 i

) (1 2i ) 2i ( 3 + i
2i
3 1
21 18
+
=
i (1 4 4i ) = i + 3i 4 = + i
3i
i
10
5 5
5
5
230
-2 (1 + i ) 2 ) (1 + i
2

(1 + i ) 2 = 2i
= 2115 i 428+3 = 2115 i
-3 2iz 3i + 2 = z + i

) (1 + i ) 230 = ( 2i

115

z
2iz 3i + 2 = z + i (1 + 2i ) z = 2 + 4i

2 + 4i 2 (1 2i )(1 2i ) 6 8
=
= + i
1 + 2i
5
5 5
6 8
S = + i
5 5
-2 -
) ( P

=z

) . ( O; e1 ; e2

) M ( a; b ) ( P . z = a + ib ) M ( z
z = a + ib ) . M ( a; b

) z = aff ( M

) u ( a; b . z = a + ib ) u ( z
z = a + ib

) ( a; b

) u ( a; b ) z = aff (u

*
*

* - AB
A B z A = a + ib ' z B = a '+ ib
) A ( a; b )' B ( a '; b ) AB ( a ' a; b ' b

) (

aff AB = ( a ' a ) + i ( b ' b ) = ( a '+ ib ') ( a + ib ) = zB z A

AB

z B z A ) A ( z A ) B ( z B

* - u + v u

) u ( a; b )' v (a '; b ) ' u + v ( a + a '; b + b ) aff ( u + v ) = aff ( u ) + aff ( v

) aff ( u + v ) = aff ( u ) + aff ( v

u v

) aff ( u ) = aff ( u

A B C z A = 2
z B = 1 + 4i zC = 3i u 1 + 3i
* -

) A ( z A ) B ( z B ) C ( z C / AB = AC

) (

/ aff AB = aff AC

) z B z A = ( zC z A
zB z A
=
zC z A
zB z A

zC z A
) A ( z A ) B ( z B

C ( z C

* -

zB zA

zC z A

) A ( z A ) B ( z B ) G ( zG + 0

) ( A; ) ( B;

( + ) zG = z A + zB



* -
) A ( z A ) B ( z B ) I ( z I

z A + zB
I ] [ A; B
2

= zI

) A (1 + i ) B (1 + 3i 2i
2

3 6i
) 2i (1 + i
( 3 6i )(1 2i ) 3 + 6i 6i 12 3
2

2
=
=
=
=
1 + 2i
) 2 (1 + 2i )(1 2i
10
2
) ( 2 + 3i ) (1 + i

A B C
-3
/
z = a + ib

) ( a; b

* z = a ib z = a + ib

* zz

* ) M ( z

. z = a + ib

. z = a ib
2

z = zz = a + b

) M ' ( z

* z = a + ib z z = a 2 + b 2
/
z = a + ib ' z = a '+ ib

) ( a; b

)' ( a '; b

' z + z ' = ( a + a ') + ( b + b ') i = a + a ' ( b + b ' ) i = a ib + a ' ib ' = z + z

' z z ' = ( aa ' bb ') + ( ab '+ a ' b ) i = aa ' bb ' ab ' i a ' bi = a ( a ' b ' i ) bi ( a ' b ' i ) = ( a bi )( a ' b ' i ) = z z
a
b

+ 2
i
= 2
2
a + b2
a +b

bi
1 1 a
2
=
= 2
2
z a + bi a + b
a + b2
1
1
a
b
=
= 2
+ 2
i
2
z a ib a + b
a + b2

1 1
=
z z
4

1
1
z
z
1
= = z = z = z
z'
'z' z
z'
z'

) ' ( z; z

z=z
; z z = 2 Im ( z ) i

*
*

) z + z = 2 Re ( z

* z z =z
* z i z = z
* 'z + z' = z + z

' z . z ' = z. z

)(

zn = z

z = .z

z' 0

z z
=
' z' z

) A ( z A ) B ( z B ) . ( O; e1 ; e2

AB = AB = z B z A
( z; z ' ) 2

OA = z A

*z = 0 z = 0
z = z = z

* ' z. z ' = z z

zn = z

z
z
=
'z
'z

z' 0

* 'z + z' z + z

) M(z
z 2 = z + 2i - 2
z 1 + i = 2 i 5 -1
-4

/
) ( P

) ( O; e1 ; e2
z = a + ib

) ( a; b

M ,

. e1 , OM

z
. arg z
] [ 2

*
*

] [ 2

arg a 0

] [ 2

arg b

*+
*+

a
b i

/
* - z = a + ib

] [ 2
] [ 2

arg a

arg b

*
*

a
b i

) ( a;b r

z = r = a 2 + b 2

) z = r ( cos + i sin cos = a ; sin = b

r
r

] [ 2

arg z

z = r( cos +isin z ] z=[r,

2
2

+i
1 + i = 2
= 2 cos + i sin = 2;
2
4
4
4

15 = [15;0]
2i = 2;
2

3
1
5
5 5

3 i = 2
i = 2 cos
+ i sin
= 2;
2
6
6 6

2
/

z'=[r','] z=[r, ]
( cos + i sin )( cos '+ i sin ') = ( cos cos ' sin sin ') + i ( sin cos '+ cos sin ')

( cos + i sin )( cos '+ i sin ') = cos ( + ') + i sin ( + ')
z z ' = r ( cos + i sin ) r ' ( cos '+ i sin ' ) = rr ' ( cos ( + ') + i sin ( + ') ) = [ rr '; + ']
1 1
1
1 cos i sin 1
1

=
= ( cos ( ) + i sin ( ) ) = ;
=

2
2
z r cos + i sin r cos + sin r
r

z
1
1
r

== z = [ r ; ] ; ' = ; '
z'
z'
r '
r'

z = r ( c os + i sin ) = r ( c os i sin ) = r ( cos ( ) + i sin ( ) ) = [ r , ]

z = r ( c os i sin ) r ( c os ( + ) + i sin ( + ) ) = [ r , + ]
( z; n )

z n = r n ; n
z = [ r ; ]
( z; n )

z n = r n ; n

n = 0 1 = [1;0] = [1;0 ]

z n +1

z0 = 1

n = 0

z n +1 = r n +1 ; ( n + 1) z n = r n ; n
= z z n = [ r ; ] r n ; n = r r n ; + n = r n +1 ; ( n + 1)
z n = r n ; n
( z; n ) *
n n
1
1
1

z n = n = n
= n ; ( n ) = r n ; n
z
r ; n r

z n = r n ; n
( z; n ) *

z'=[r','] z=[r, ]
z = z ' r = r ' et = '
*

z
arg arg z arg z '
z'

z = [ r , + ]

[ 2 ]

1
z

[ 2 ]

arg arg z

z = [ r , ]

[ 2 ]

arg ( zz ') arg z + arg z '

z r
1 1

= , '
= ;
zz ' = [ rr ', + ']
z r
z ' r '

arg ( z ) + arg z [ 2 ] arg ( z ) arg z [ 2 ] *

( z; n )

( z; n )

( )

arg z n n arg z
*

[ 2 ]

z n = r n ; n

v = 6 +i 2 u = 2 2i

-1 u v
cos 7 ; sin 7
12
12

-2 u

) A ( z A ) B ( z B

) D ( z D ) C ( zC

* - M OM = AB ) M ( z B z A

] [ 2

] [ 2

arg ( z B z A ) = e1 ; OM

( AB; CD ) ( e1 ; CD ) ( e1 ; AB ) arg ( zD zC ) arg ( zB z A ) arg zzDB zzCA

] [ 2

*-

) A ( z A ) B ( z B

) D ( z D ) C ( zC

] [ 2

arg ( z B z A ) = e1 ; AB

( AB; CD ) arg zzDB zzCA

] [ 2

arg ( z B z A ) = e1 ; AB

) A ( z A ) B ( z B
/
* :

) A C ( zC

) A (z A ) B (z B

] [ 2

C ( z C

zB zA

zC z A

A B C

z zA
arg C
0
zB z A

] [ 2

] [ 2

z zA
arg C

zB z A

) D ( z D ) C ( zC

* : ) A ( z A ) B ( z B

] [ 2

AB; AC

z zA
arg C
zB z A

z zD

arg C

2
zB z A

z zD
arg C

zB z A 2

] [ 2

ou

...

zC z D
i
zB z A

) ( AB ) ( CD

) ( o;e1 ;e2

.(1 ) A (6 + 2i ) B ( 1 + 3i C 72 3i )( BA; BC
.(2 ) E ( 2 + 3i ) F (1 + 2i ) G ( 1 ) ( FE; FG
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; u1 = 1 i

-1

u1

u1
-2
u2
24

-3 = 1

6 i 2
2

= u2

u2

12

cos

12

sin

6+ 2
6 2
+
i

4
4

-1 u1 u2

2
2

i
u1 = 1 i = 2
; = 2
2
4
2
7

 3 1
6 i 2

= 2
i = 2;
2
6
2 2
u

sin cos
1 -3
u2
12
12
u2 =

2;

u1
4 2
;
=
=
+ = 1;
2 4
u2
6 12
2;

u1
=
u2

1 i
6 i 2
2

( 2 2i ) (
6 i 2

6 +i 2

)(

6 +i 2

6+ 2
6 2
(
)i
4
4
6+ 2
6 2

(
)i
1; 12 =
2
2

6+ 2

=
cos

12
4

sin = ( 6 2 )
12
4
=

6+ 2
cos =

12
4

sin = 6 2

12
4

6+ 2
6 2
+
i

4
4

6+ 2
6 2
+
i

4
4

24

= 1;
12

24

24

= 1 -3

24
= 1;
= [1; 2 ] = 1
12

a ' = sin + i cos

a = cos + i sin
; b = cos i sin
b ' = sin i cos
; c ' = sin i cos

;
;

a = cos + i sin = cos ( ) + i sin ( ) = [1; ]

c = cos i sin
d = sin + i cos

b = cos i sin = cos ( ) + i sin ( ) = [1; ]

c = cos i sin = cos ( + ) + i sin ( + ) = [1; + ]

d = sin + i cos = cos + + i sin + = 1; +

2

2
2

a ' = sin + i cos = cos + i sin = 1;

2

2
2

b ' = sin i cos = cos + + i sin + = 1; +

2
2

c ' = sin i cos = sin ( + ) + i cos ( + ) = cos ( + ) + i sin ( + )

2

= cos + i sin = 1;
2
2

 z1 = 2i z1 = 2 2i

a = 4

1 a z 1 z 2

2 a + z12 + z2 4 = 72

) A ( a ) B ( z1 ) C ( z2

(1.3 -3

BAC

C ) ( F

(2.3 ) ( F = 10

( 3.3

( F ) = {M ( z ) / z + 1 + i

) (F

BAC

2 a z1 z2
] a = 4 = [ 4;

z1 = 2i = 2;
2

2
2

i
) = 2 2;
2
2
4

(z2 = 2 2i = 2 2

4.2 a + z12 + z2 4 = 72
2

4
4

a + z12 + z2 4 = [ 4; ] + 2; + 2 2; = [ 4; ] + [ 2; ] + 2 2 ; = 4 4 2 2 = 4 4 64 = 72
4

(1.3 -3 BAC B
) A(4 ) B (2i ) C (2 2i

2 2i 2i
2 4i
( BA; BC ) arg
arg

4 2i
4 2i

i (2i 4)
arg
] [ 2
) arg ( i
2
4 2i
BA = 4 2i = 20
BC = 2 4i = 20
BAC B
(2.3 ) ( F
M ( z ) ( F ) z + 1 + i = 10
M ( z ) ( F ) M = 10

) / (1 + i
)/ (1; 1

(
) ( F ) = C ( ; 10

M ( z ) ( F ) M C ; 10

)/ (1; 1

( 3.4 ) A(4 ) B (2i ) C (2 2i ) ( F

A = 4 + 1 + i = 3 + i = 10
B = 2i + 1 + i = 1 + 3i = 10
A = 2 2i + 1 + i = 3 i = 10
A B C

) ( F

BAC

) (F

(OA, OB)

[ 2 ] OA = OB

: B A (1 + i ) :
. z B ( 1
. AB ( 2

(e1 , AB) : ( 3

. z B ( 1

z B = OB = OA = 1 + i = 2
arg (1 + i )

) (

) (

2
2

+i
1 + i = 2
= 2;

2
4
2

[ 2 ]

arg ( z B ) e1 ; OB e1 ; OA + OA; OB arg (1 + i ) +

7
12

[ 2 ]

7
7

+ i sin
z B = 2 cos

12
12

2
6

cos
= cos + = cos cos sin sin =

12
4
3
4
3
4
4
4 3
sin

7
2
6

= sin + = sin cos + cos sin =
+
12
4
3
4
3
4
4
4 3

2 6
2 + 6 1 3 1+ 3
z B = 2
+i
+i

=
4
4
2
2

. AB ( 2
2

1 3 1+ 3
1 + 3 1 + 3
AB =
1 +
1 ==
+
= 2
2
2
2

(e1 , AB) : ( 3

( e1; AB ) arg ( zB z A ) arg 1 2 3 + i 1 +2 3 1 i arg 1 +2 3 + i 1 +2

(

2 + 6 2 + 6
7
7

arg 2 sin
cos
e1 ; AB arg 2
i
i
+

4
4
12
12

( e1; AB ) arg

2;

[ 2 ]
[ 2 ]

13
13 11
7

arg
2;

[ 2 ]

12
12
12
12

11
( e1 , AB )
12

f (z) =

z +i

f ( z ) = 1 z M -1

0;
2

z = cos + i sin -2

D ( z + i ) C ( z ) B ( z ) A ( i ) -
10

 - OCDA z + i ) f ( z
- ) f ( z

-1 M z . f ( z ) = 1

z z = x + iy

) ( x; y ) ( x; y ) ( 0;0

) z + i = x + iy + i = x + i (1 y
z +i
2
= 1 z + i = z x 2 + (1 y ) = x 2 + y 2 2 y 1 = 0
z

f ( z) = 1

1
M z f ( z ) = 1
2
-2 z = cos + i sin

=y

0;
2

- ) A ( i ) B ( z ) C ( z ) D ( z + i
) B ( z ) C ( z

OD = OA + OC

- OCDA z + i ) f ( z
AD = z = 1

; OC = z = 1 ; OA = i = 1 ; CD = i = 1

OCDA

) (OD COA (OA; OD ) 12 (OA; OC ) [2 ] :

] (OA; OD ) 12 ( arg ( z ) arg (i )) 12 2 [2
] [ 2
] [ 2

( )

( )

1
1

arg ( z + i ) arg ( i ) + +
2
2 2 2
2

] [ 2

arg ( f ( z ) ) = arg z z+ i ] [ 2

arg ( z + i ) e1 ; OD e1 ; OA + OA; OD

arg ( z + i )

) arg ( f ( z ) ) arg ( z + i ) arg ( z

3
+
+
2
4
2
4

] [ 2
- ) f ( z
11

) ) arg ( f ( z

 z = cos + i sin
2 2 sin

z = 1

= ) ) ( cos + (1 sin
2

z +i
= = z +i
z

- 4
/
t u aff ( u ) = a

= )f (z

) M ( z )' M ' ( z

t ( M ) = M ' MM ' = u aff MM ' = aff ( u ) z ' z = a z ' = z + a

) M ( z ) ( P ) M ' ( z + a ) ( P

aff ( u ) = a

t
-1 u ) u (1; 2

) M ( z )' M ' ( z ' tu ( M ) = M

/ ' z z
/ ) M ( z )' M ' ( z z' = z + 1 i
' M M
/

) M ( z )' M ' ( z ) ( ) ( P
) ( O; e1 ; e2 k

) M ( z )' M ' ( z h ) z ' = k ( z

/1 h
/2 M ' M h

) M ( z )' M ' ( z ) ( ) ( P

) ( O; e1 ; e2 k
) M ( z ) ( P )' M ' ( z ) ( P

) z ' = k ( z ) ( k

1
) M ( z )' M ' ( z z' = z + 2i
2
1
/1 = + 2i
2
/2 ' M M h

12

 - -
-1

=a
= ( i ) a = a
2

( i

) ( a

; =a

; = i 2 a = a

)( a
a

*+

(i

/
a

a a a a
a a i a i a

3 3 3
-1 i i
-25 5i 5i

-3 i 3 i 3
/
a b c a .

az 2 + bz + c = 0

b

az 2 + bz + c = a z +
2
2a
4a

= b 2 4ac

az 2 + bz + c = 0 z +
2 =0
2a

4a

b
b

0
az 2 + bz + c = 0 z +

+
z +
= 0
2
2
2
2
a
a
a
a

b +
b

= z
2a
2a
0 0
2

=z
2

b
b

2
2
= 0 z+
=0
az + bz + c = 0 z +
+i
+i
2
2a
2a

4a
4a 2

b i
b

az 2 + bz + c = 0 z +

+i
z +
=0
2a
2a
2a
2a

b +
b i

= z
2a
2a
b d
b + d

= z d
= ; z
2a
2a
a b c a .
= b 2 4ac az 2 + bz + c = 0
d
b + d
= ; z
0 az 2 + bz + c = 0
2a
b
= 0 az 2 + bz + c = 0
=z
2a
13
=z

b d
2a

= z
2

2 z 2 + 2 z + 3 = 0

2 z 2 3 z + 2 = 0

((

))

2z2 2 + 2 2 z +

3
+ 2=0
2

2z2 2 + 2 2 z +

= 2+2 2

3
+ 2 = 0
2

8 + 2 = 4 + 8 2 + 8 12 8 2 = 0
2

1 + 2
S =

2

z=

2 + 2 2 1+ 2
=

4
2

2 z 2 3z + 2 = 0
= 9 + 16 = 25
35 1
3+5
z =
= 2
=
z=
4
4
2

1
S = 2;
2

2 z 2 + 2 z + 3 = 0

= 4 12 = 8 = i 2 2
2 i 2 2 1
2
2 + i 2 2
z =
= +i
=
4
2
2
4
1
2 1
S = +i
; i
2 2
2

z=

1
2
i
2
2
2

2

-1

z + 2 3 z + 12 = 0
z 6 z + 12 = 0
z1 = 3 + 3i z1 = 3 + i 3 -2

B ( z2 ) A ( z1 ) ( O; e1 ; e2 )

( P)

-3

OAEB E ( z1 + z2 )
/2

( cos + i sin )

= ([1; ]) = 1 ; n = [1; n ] = cos ( n ) + i sin ( n )

( cos + i sin )

= cos n + i sin n

sin n cos sin n cos n /

( cos + i sin )
sin 3 = 3sin 4sin 3

( cos + i sin )

cos 3 = 4 cos3 3cos

= cos3 + 3i cos 2 sin 3 ( cos ) sin 2 i sin 3

) ((

= cos3 3 ( cos ) sin 2 + i 3 cos 2 sin sin 3

( cos + i sin )3 = cos 3 + sin 3

cos 3 = cos3 3 ( cos ) sin 2 = cos3 3cos 1 cos 2 = 4 cos3 3cos

sin 3 = 3 cos 2 sin sin 3 = 3sin 1 sin 2 sin 3 = 3sin 4sin 3

14

 cos x cos x 5
* ) A ( z A ) B ( z B ) D ( z D ) C ( zC

)( P

) ( O; e1 ; e2

-3

/ ei
ei

ei = [1; ] = cos + i sin

=i

ei = 1

e0 = 1

2
2
+i
2
2

)' i( +

'

1
3
= +i
2
2

2
i
e 3

ei ei ' = e

z = [ r , ] = re
i

z r :

' i

z = r ' e 0
z ' z z = rei
z
r i ') 1 1 i
)' i +
(= e
= e
( z z ' = rr ' e
'z' r
z r

r 0

'r

z = r n ein

.
4

) 2i (1 i

z2 = 1 i 3

3 + 3i 3

i
1
3
3 + 3i 3 = 6 + i
* = 6e 3
2
2

i
2
2
i
1 i = 2
= 2e 4
2
2

2 i 2 4 6
2 i12
=
e
=
e
3
3

= z1

2e

2e

6e
4

i
i

* 1 i 3 = 2 1 i 3 = 2e 3 = 16e 3
2
2

) 2i (1 i
3 + 3i 3

2i = 2e

= z1

i
z 2 = 2e 3

ei = cos + i sin
2i sin = ei e i

ei e i
2i

ei = cos i sin
2 cos = ei + ei
ei + e i
2

= sin

= cos

cos n sin n cos n sin m

a cos + b sin
cos 4

1 i 4
e + 4ei 3 e i + 6ei 2 ei 2 + 4ei ei 3 + ei 4
=
16

15

ei + e i
cos =

1 i 4
1 ei 4 + e i 4 1 ei 2 + ei 2 3
= e + e i 4 + 4 ei 2 + ei 2 + 6
+
+
16
8
2
2
2
8
1
1
3
cos 4 = cos 4 + cos 2 +
8
2
8

) )

= cos 4

sin 4 cos3
) M ( z )' M ' ( z ) ( ) ( P

) ( O; e1 ; e2 ) [1; ] = ( cos + i sin

) M ( z )' M ' ( z

r ) z ' = [1; ] ( z

M ' M r
r ( ) =
) M ( z ) = ( )' M ' ( z

] [ 2

' M
M = 1

[ 2 ] M ; M '

z '
=1

z '
z
) r ( M ) = M ' z ' = [1; ] ( z
= [1; ]
z
arg z '
z

M ' = M

] [ 2
M ; M '
r

) M ( z )' M ' ( z ) ( ) ( P

) ( O; e1 ; e2

) M ( z

) ( P )' M ' ( z ) ( P

) z ' = [1; ] ( z

) [1; ] = ( cos + i sin

) M ( z )' M ' ( z ) ( ) ( P
) ( O; e1 ; e2

) M ( z

) ( P )' M ' ( z ) ( P

) z ' = ei ( z

) ( O; e1 ; e2 A B
:

zA = i

; zB = 2

.I
(1 B1 ' B A . 2
(2 ' B B1 A
.II

(3 A B '. B

2
f M z ' M ' z(1 + i ) z + 1 :
2
(1 . f
(2 f

16

= '. z