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SNAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
SNAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
SNAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
step 9: Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
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Related Instructables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
intro: Build a simple Marx Generator
Do you like the idea of tesla coils and other high voltage sparking stuff, but don't have the time, money or patience to build something that is elaborate?
Well, here's a fun 'n' simple project that can make big, fat, noisy sparks at least 2 inches long, and can be built very quickly and cheaply. It might be even more fun to use
a marx generator than using a 'very complicated to build' tesla coil!
And to let you know, this "Quick & Dirty" Marx generator website helped me a lot to build this marx generator.
If you have no idea what is a marx generator, you might be saying this in your mind "What the hell is a marx generator!", read about it here on Wikipedia.
WARNING! This project generates very high pulse discharge voltages, which can seriously harm and could be potentially lethal to you and others that are careless to
touch the output of the marx generator.
Video
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
step 1: So, how does it work?
The Marx generator consists of an array of resistors, capacitors and spark gaps arranged as follows in the schematic...
The capacitors are charged up in parallel through the resistors, so they each become charged to the input voltage. When all of the spark gaps fires (sparks), the
capacitors get effectively connected in series, therefor multiplying the input voltage by the number of capacitors and causing a long spark at the end of the marx
generator.
Rb has a ballasting effect, it is used to prevent a continuous arc forming across the first gap - this prevents further firing of the marx generator. The value of the resistor
will mainly depend on the type of power supply is used, in this case, we are going to use an 10M resistor for this marx generator on this instructable. However, you can
reduce the Bb's value to try get more 'bangs per second' without causing an arc forming on the spark gap...
Image Notes
1. This is where you get a big spark.
2. Spark gap.
3. All the resistors are 1M 1 watt.
4. Any value ceramic capacitor with voltage ratings of 4 - 8Kv.
5. 10M 1 watt resistor.
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
step 2: The dangers you must know...
The marx generators are dangerous high voltage generating machines, they produce a pulse discharge of many thousands of volts at approximately 5 to 10 amps! If the
spark from the marx generator bites you, your life is over...
There is one thing you must know, a healthy human heart can only withstand electric currents maximum 10mA. Currents over 10mA can results death, I am NOT joking
here, this is serous stuff, a lot of people thinks your heart can handle currents up to 500mA, THIS IS NOT TRUE!!! THEY ARE WRONG!!! If you don't believe me, then
test your self against a high voltage 500mA power supply, a small microwave transformer would do, put your hand on one lead, put your other hand on the other lead,
turn on the power supply and you will be sorry...
The marx generator will also be dangerous after the power is turned off, because the capacitors will hold a lethal charge in them, so, MAKE ABSOLUTELY SURE YOU
DRAIN ALL THE CAPACITORS BEFORE YOU TOUCH THE DEVICE!!! Otherwise you will get a 'surprise shock' form the capacitors which can seriously harm you or
even death...
Also, every time a marx generator fires (make a spark), it kicks out a lot of UV radiation, and sometimes X-rays! Staring at the sparks form the marx generator can cause
problems with your eyes, so wear UV sunglasses or briefly watch it every once a while. If you want to be safe, use laser protection glasses, it will take out nearly all of the
UV emitted from the spark and you might not be able to see the spark well, but it much better for your eyes.
Okay, you might be a bit scared after reading this horrible step, so do you think you can build a marx generator? Or find it too dangerous to build it? The choice is yours...
If in doubt, try building just a couple of stages first to see how well the parts you use will work before you buy more...
You can use capacitors with larger values to get fatter, louder sparks, but take longer to recharge! You can often run capacitors in excess of their rated voltage, but
obviously this increased the risk of failure!
And don't forget, the size of sparks at the output gap will depend on the input voltage and number of stages...
(UPDATE)
I got all my components from Farnell. Here is a list of things you will need to get if you are going to buy the components from Farnell.
1nF 4Kv ceramic capacitors
1M 2 watt 500v carbon film resistors
4.7M 1 watt 3.5Kv metal glazed resistor
You will need a helpers hands, they are very useful to have, they help you to get the job done quicker. If you don't have one, MAKE ONE! Salvaged Solder Helper
And you may need other common tools for this project...
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
step 5: Power supply
The marx generator requires a low-current, high voltage DC in the range 4-8KV power supply. Small, low-current HV power supplies are found in things like ionisers (air
purifiers), photocopiers and laser printers, those should be suitable.
I made my own 6Kv power supply for my marx generator. My power supply is a small homemade 350v inverter with a 18 stage voltage multiplier to get about 6.3Kv.
OR, you can make your own power supply for your marx generator, go to this instructable: High Voltage Power Supply For Marx Generator
Also the marx generator has no polarity, you can connect it to the HV power supply in any way round.
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
Image Notes Image Notes
1. HV output! 1. Good solder joint.
2. Rb resistors. 2. Capacitor's lead.
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
step 7: Spark gaps
Okay, once you had soldered the capacitors and resistors all together, you need to make the spark gaps.
This is what the capacitor's leads are for, making the spark gaps!
Okay, so bend the leads into a "V" shape and bring the ends of the "V" shaped leads about 2 mm (about 0.08 inch) close together.
But do not bring the pointy ends of the leads close together, that will cause a lot of corona discharge, and your marx generator will have very poor performance, or might
not ever work...
Image Notes
1. This is where you get a big spark.
2. Spark gap.
3. All the resistors are 1M 1 watt.
4. Any value ceramic capacitor with voltage ratings of 4 - 8Kv.
5. 10M 1 watt resistor.
SNAP
Wow!
SNAP
Cool!
SNAP
It works!!! Yay!
SNAP
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
step 9: Troubleshooting
If you have problems with your mark generator, read here...
Q. - My marx generator is not making any sparks, but I hear faint hissing and/or faint snap noise, and sometimes see a purple glow.
A. - This is a good thing, your marx generator is working, but one or more gaps are probably too far apart, push them closer together. If gaps are too close, especially
near the supply end, you may see a continuous arc forming, preventing further operation. Increasing the gap on the first (and possibly second) stage may reduce the
tendency to arc. Increasing the ballast resistor Rb also helps, at the expense of slower recharge time.
Q. - My marx generator is working, but after a few seconds, it made a "POP" noise, and it did not work again...
A. - That is a bad sign, a capacitor may have been destroyed from excess voltage OR your HV power supply has been killed from the extremely high voltage spikes from
the marx generator. Replace the capacitor/inverter and don't make that same mistake again...
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
step 10: SPARKS!!!
My marx generator works very well, it generates loud, bright, sparks that are up to 2 inches long (5 cm)! That is about 50Kv (50,000v) coming out of that thing!
To let you know, all of the photos that has a few sparks in a single picture are 4 second long exposures.
I hope you enjoyed this instructable, and enjoy the photos down below! And the video I just uploaded!
(UPDATE) I just uploaded a video of my marx generator working, sorry for the poor quality with no sounds, I had used my crappy camera. :(
Video
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
Image Notes
1. 2 inch long spark!!!
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
Image Notes
1. A spark from my Marx Generator.
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
Related Instructables
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
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Comments
50 comments Add Comment view all 408 comments
Choose capacitors that can handle roughly 2x your max input. I used small ceramic disc caps. The smaller their value, the faster they will charge. This
allows a more rapid spark. Larger caps will provide a bigger *bang* but there will be more time between arc discharges.
I tend to think smaller caps provide a better result for demonstrating HV here because the camera board does not source very much current at all.
Please note that operating the disposable cam board in this way seems to fry them rather quickly.
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
gobitz says: May 26, 2009. 5:35 PM REPLY
Would using a HV input, home made HV bottle capacitors, and HV diodes work?
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
iguanadeath says: May 2, 2009. 12:10 PM REPLY
Volts is Joules per coulomb J/c=V
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/
Arnseb says: Apr 21, 2009. 2:08 PM REPLY
Ok! How many do I need to get a non-lethal spark?
You need special glasses meant for lasers, they cost about 30 bucks if you want to be safe.
you can get them at wicked laser, but never buy your lasers there, the owner is a bad man, but the glasses are good.
apparently he modifies cheap lasers and drastically overpowers them and thus have like a 5 minute or less life span. He moved to china to get away
from getting in trouble, and i think he uses a fake name. he use to buy simple torch lights (and maybe still does) and just cranks up the power, and if
it breaks asks the original manufactuer for a refund, but since he does this so much the manufactier cut him off. It's a pretty interesting story
http://www.instructables.com/id/Build_a_simple_Marx_Generator/