Animal Diversity

................. (BIO...)
1 2556
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Section........ .........
-

1.

5600870

2.

5606229

3.

5606803

4.

5606830

5.

5606875

6.

5606922

7.

5606998

1. Scientific classification of Tuna

2.

2.1

2.2

2.3

10

2.4

11

2.5

13

2.6

14

2.7

15

2.8

16

2.9

17

2.10

18

3.

20

4.

23

5.

27

6.

34

7. Omega 3

36

7.1 Fish oil Omega 3

38

7.2 Fish Oil Omega 3

40

8.

42

8.1

43

8.2

44

8.3

45

8.4

46

Scientific classification Of Tuna

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Scombridae

 Atlantic Bluefin
10
1500( )
43

Skipjack,
Yellow
fin,
Bigeye
Albacore
Bigeyesashimi


YELLOWFIN TUNA
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre,1788)
Scombridae , subfamily: Scombrinae

1531 52 45 180

180

250

100








( 20%)


20
7-10
239
200 9


(mixed layer) (deep water)

( 4)



()

( )

( 5)


BIGEYE TUNA
Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)
Scombridae , subfamily: Scombrinae

45 43 180 180
250 13-29 1722







60-180 100130 250 210
11

Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Arctic Circle
Antarctic Circle

0
23.5
23.5
66.5
66.5

Equator Tropic of Cancer

Equator Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle

Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle
Arctic Circle
Antarctic Circle

SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA
Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872)
Scombridae , subfamily: Scombrinae

502743 30 50 61 82
520

10
20-30


225

 160200 150 245

260 20


2001
(IUCN)

LEAST CONCERN

NEAR THREATENED

VULNERABLE

ENDANGERED

CRITRICALLY ENDANGERED

EXTRINCT IN THE WILD

EXTRINCT

NORTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scombridae , subfamily: Scombrinae

72
24 99 42 0 985 0 - 100



300 200
458 684
15

LONGFIN TUNA, ALBACORE

Thunnus alalunga (Bonnatere, 1788)
Scombridae , subfamily: Scombrinae

59 46 180 180
0 - 600 10 - 25

10 10
50
40

15.6-

19.4 13.525.2 9.5

30%
()

Marine
Stewardship Council

SKIPJACK TUNA
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scombridae , subfamily: Scombrinae

58 47 180 180 15
- 30 0 260
15-

30



4-5
108 32.534.5 110 34.
5 12


515
0.3 yellowfin tuna 1
17 50
15 yellowfin
tuna Stenoteuthis oualanieansis

: Papua New Guinea,New Caledonia French

Polynesia

 Stenoteuthis oualaniensis

New Caledonia
Juvenile skipjack flying fish lancetfish

 Papua New Guinea:

Juvenile pufferfish triggerfish

French Polynesia yellowfin tuna

surgeonfish rabbitfish barracudinas

French Polynesia: juvenile surgeonfish filefish

Bluefin

Bluefin


10





?





2



?


2 1
1. 2.





?

( 72.5 / )






3
30



( )
countercurrent exchange

 arterial blood
venous blood
?

20
32

3
subclass
teleostei 250
900
?

4-5
8
( )
5 5
( 1 ) 15-20
45 -
2
( 3-4 )
24
25
1
40-80

 ?



?

teleostei ,
,

?



3( ) 12 1()
2() 6
Nutrient

Value

%DV

Nutrient Class: Basic Nutrition Facts

Calories (%DV based on daily intake of 2,000 kcal)

122.4 kcal

6.1%

Calories from Fat

37.5 kcal 187.4%

Kilojoules

511.7 kj

Pts
Total Fat (DRI 65 g)
Saturated Fat (DRI 20 g)
Trans Fat

3
4.2 g

6.4%

1.1 g

5.3%

NA

Cholesterol (DRI 300 mg)

32.3 mg

10.8%

Sodium (DRI 2,400 mg)

33.2 mg

1.4%

0g

0%

Dietary Fiber (DRI 25 g)

0g

0%

Sugars (WHO recommended maximum daily intake 50 g)

0g

0%

Net Carbs (italics if sugar alcohol content unknown)

0g

Total Carbohydrate (DRI 300 g)

Protein (DRI 50 g)

19.8 g

39.7%

Vitamin A (DRI 5000 IU)

1,855.6 IU

37.1%

Vitamin C (DRI 60 mg)

0 mg

0%

Calcium (DRI 1000 mg)

6.8 mg

0.7%

Iron (DRI 18 mg)

0.9 mg

4.8%

3R (Ratio of Recommended to Restricted Food Components )

2.9

Nutrient Class: Food Energy

Total Calories (%DV based on daily intake of 2,000 kcal)

122.4 kcal

Calories from Fat (italics if estimated)

37.5 kcal

Calories from Carbohydrate (estimated)

Calories from Protein (estimated)
Calories from Alcohol (assumed 0 if not explicitly disclosed)

6.1%

0 kcal
79.3 kcal
0 kcal

Nutrient Class: Fats & Fatty Acids

Total Fat (DRI 65 g)

4.2 g

6.4%

Saturated Fat (Details) (DRI 20 g)

1.1 g

5.3%

4:0 (butyric acid)

0g

6:0 (caproic acid)

0g

8:0 (caprylic acid)

0g

10:0 (capric acid)

0g

12:0 (lauric acid)

0g

13:0

NA

14:0 (myristic acid)

15:0
16:0 (palmitic acid)
17:0
18:0 (stearic acid)
20:0 (arachidic acid)

0.1 g
NA
0.7 g
NA
0.3 g
NA

22:0 (behenic acid)

NA

24:0

NA

Monounsaturated Fat (Details)

1.4 g

14:1

NA

15:1

0g

16:1 Undifferentiated

NA

16:1 c

NA

16:1 t

NA

17:1

NA

18:1 Undifferentiated

0.8 g

18:1 c

NA

18:1 t

NA

20:1

0.2 g

22:1 Undifferentiated

0.2 g

22:1 c

NA

22:1 t

NA

24:1 c

NA

Polyunsaturated Fat (Details)

1.2 g

18:2 Undifferentiated

0g

18:2 n-6 c,c

NA

18:2 i

NA

18:2 t,t

NA

18:2 t Not Further Defined

NA

18:2 CLAs

NA

18:3 Undifferentiated

0g

18:3 n-3 c,c,c

NA

18:3 n-6 c,c,c

NA

18:3 i

NA

18:4

0g

20:2 n-6 c,c

NA

20:3 Undifferentiated

NA

20:3 n-3

NA

20:3 n-6

0g

20:4 Undifferentiated

0g

20:4 n-3

NA

20:4 n-6

0.2 g

21:5

NA

22:4

NA

22:5 n-3

0.1 g

22:6 n-3

0.8 g

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (italics if data incomplete)

1.1

Omega-6 Fatty Acids (italics if data incomplete)

NA

Trans Fat (Details)

NA

Trans-Monoenoic Fatty Acids

NA

Trans-Polyenoic Fatty Acids

NA

Nutrient Class: Carbohydrates

Total Carbohydrate (DRI 300 mg)

0g

Total sugars (Details) (recommended maximum daily intake 50 g)

0g

Sucrose (table sugar, saccharose)

NA

Glucose

NA

Fructose (sources: honey, various fruits and root vegetables)

NA

Lactose (sources: dairy)

NA

0%

Maltose

NA

Galactose (sources: dairy, sugar beets)

NA

Starch

NA

Dietary Fiber (DRI 25 g)

0g

0%

19.8 g

39.7%

Nutrient Class: Protein & Amino Acids

Protein (Amino Acid Details) (DRI 50 g)
Tryptophan

0.2 g

Threonine

0.9 g

Isoleucine

0.9 g

Leucine

1.6 g

Lysine

1.8 g

Methionine

0.6 g

Cystine

0.2 g

Phenylalanine

0.8 g

Tyrosine

0.7 g

Valine

1g

Arginine

1.2 g

Histidine

0.6 g

Alanine

1.2 g

Aspartic Acid

2g

Glutamic Acid

3g

Glycine

1g

Proline

0.7 g

Serine

0.8 g

Hydroxyproline
Nutrient Class: Vitamins

NA

A (Details) (DRI 5000 IU)

1,855.6 IU

Retinol

556.8 g

Retinol Activity Eqvalent

556.8 g

Beta Carotene

0 g

Alpha Carotene

0 g

Beta Cryptoxanthin

0 g

Lycopene

0 g

Lutein + Zeaxanthin

0 g

37.1%

B1 (Thiamine) (DRI 1.5 mg)

0.2 mg

13.7%

B2 (Riboflavin) (DRI 1.7 mg)

0.2 mg

12.6%

B3 (Niacin) (DRI 20 mg)

7.4 mg

36.8%

B5 (Pantothenic Acid) (DRI 10 mg)

0.9 mg

9%

B6 (DRI 2.0 mg)

0.4 mg

19.3%

Total Folate (Details) (DRI 400 g)

1.7 g

0.4%

B9 (Folic Acid)

0 g

Food Folate

1.7 g

Dietary Folate Eqvalents

1.7 g

B12 (Breakdown) (DRI 6.0 g)

Vitamin B12 Portion Added as Enrichment

8 g 133.6%
NA

C (DRI 60 mg)

0 mg

0%

D (DRI 400 IU)

NA

NA

0.9 mg

2.8%

E (Breakdown) (DRI 30 IU)

Vitamin E Portion Added as Enrichment

NA

Beta-Tocapherol

NA

Gamma-Tocapherol

NA

Delta-Tocapherol

NA

K (DRI 80 g)

0 g

Choline

NA

Betaine

NA

0%

Nutrient Class: Minerals

Calcium (DRI 1000)

6.8 mg

0.7%

Iron (DRI 18)

0.9 mg

4.8%

0 mg

0%

Phosphorus (DRI 1000)

215.9 mg

21.6%

Potassium (DRI 3500)

214.2 mg

6.1%

Sodium (DRI 2,400 mg)

33.2 mg

1.4%

Zinc (DRI 15 mg)

0.5 mg

3.4%

Copper (DRI 2.0 mg)

0.1 mg

3.7%

Manganese (DRI 2.0 mg)

0 mg

0.6%

Selenium (DRI 70 g)

31 g

44.3%

Magnesium (DRI 400)

Fluoride

NA

Nutrient Class: Miscellaneous

Cholesterol (More Sterols) (DRI 300 mg)

32.3 mg

Phytolsterols

NA

Beta Sitosterol

NA

Stigmasterol

NA

Campesterol

NA

Water

57.9 g

Alcohol

0g

Caffeine

0 mg

Theobromine

0 mg

Ash

1g

10.8%

(HDL)


Easily Digestable Protein

DHA EPA


selenium selenoneiene
Mercury



Mercury
selenoneine

15,000 15
atrial fibrillation(AF)
AF


antioxidant
lipid peroxidation

Omega 3
Omega 3

3 Omega 3 ?
-3(-3 Omega 3 )
-3

 (triethylglycerol)
(lipoprotien)

-3

12
3 3 Eicosopentaenoic (EPA,-) Docosahexaenoic
(DHA,)
3 EPA (Eicosapentaenoic = -) DHA
(Docosahexaenoic acid = )

 Fish oil Omega 3

Omega 3
DHA 3 Omega
3 DHA
FAO WHO DHA 40
DHA
DHA
DHA

omega 3

Omega 3 -

DHA 3 Omega

3 DHA
DHA

Omega 3

DHA
DHA 3 Omega 3 , DHA
(Dendrite)


DHA DHA

Omega 3

DHA 3 Omega
3

DHA 6
DHA 3 Omega
3

 Fish Oil Omega 3

1. 3
4
3 .
3
2. . MIT
Thyrosine Nerephinephrine
Dopamine
3.
3
4.

3 3


3
5. 3

3

6.




3

7. Harris, William S. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1997) 2800

Omega 3 4-10 gm./day

25-30%
LDL
5-10 %
HDL
1-3 %
8.EPA

9.Omega 3 Omega-6
messenger

10.EPA

( Prozac )
11. 50%
12. Omega
3 omega-6




3

1
2 (Tuna in oil)
(Tuna in brine)
29
24 230,000
40

80


20-25 2553 816,473 35,816 -

 2554 465,500 22,656

402,219 18,669 86.4

(Skipjack)

(Yellow fin)

(Albacore)


Brine cooler

Brine cooler 2


60 29
100



-17 -21.2

-17 22.4%


1 3


0-10
Brine cooler -15

1 -10
3
-40


Histamine

-18
-20
15
-2 2
10
100 30
70-90 18-20


http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/speciesid/fish_page/fish37a.html
http://oceana.org/en/eu/media-reports/features/bluefin-tuna
http://calorielab.com/foods/tuna/fish-tuna-fresh-bluefin-raw/61/15117/1
http://www.spc.int/DigitalLibrary/Doc/FAME/InfoBull/FishNews/112/FishNews112_20_Allain.pdf
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/bluefin-tuna/
http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=112
http://worldwildlife.org/species/tuna
http://www.fisheries.go.th/ifsuratthani/web2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=51%3A2012-08-07-08-0348&id=629%3A2012-08-22-03-15-07&Itemid=21
http://www.fisheries.go.th/marine/DeepSea/images/SpeciesTuna.htm
http://www.tmd.go.th/info/info.php?FileID=19