{ }, 0, 1, 2, . . .

k
x k =
0 1 2
0 . . . a n d lim
k k k
x x x x x

< < < < < = +
0
1
[ 0, ) , ( 0, ) a n d { }
k
R R R R x
+ +
= = =

O
| ) 1, p e p <
p
L
1
p
p
u u dx
(
=

}
{ }
, sup ( ) : p u ess u x x

= = e O
|N|=0,x R-N
inf sup ( ) u x
e
p
u <
{ }
( ) :
p
p
L u u O = e O <
( ) C O O
{ }
0
( ) ( ) : ( ) ( ) , 0, 1, 2, ..., lim ( ) ( ), ,
k
x x k k
PC y x y x C k y x y x x x
+
O = e O = = e O
0
( ) ( ) D C

O = O
O
{ } supp ( ) : ( ) 0 f x x f x = e O = { } .
w
D u
o
u
{ }
,
( ) ( ) : ( ), | |
m p
p w p
W u L D L m
o
o O = e O e O s
, 2
( )
m m
W H = O
,
0
( )
m p
W O ( ) D O ( )
m
H O
, 2
0 0
( ) ( )
m m
H W O = O
,
( )
m p
W O 1 p s <
1 p < <

, k p
p
k
u D u
o
o s
=

1,
1 t h e n
p p
i n
p p
u u
k u u
x x
c c
= = + + +
c c
2
2
1, 2
1
2
1 th e n
n
i i
u
k u
x
=
c
= =
c

1
, .
n
i i
u
u v u v d x
x
=
O
( | | c
= +
( |
c
\ .

}
n
R 2 and 1 n p > s <
1,
1
1,
( ) ( ) ,
1 1
1 i f
p q
q p
W L u c u
p N
p q
O c O s
+ = >
( )
1, 0
2
1,
( ) ( ) , ma x
p
p
m
W C L u c u

O c O c O s
1 2
a nd c c
(., .) : a H H R
2
| ( , ) | | | , a u u c u u H > e u
( , ) a u u

c
L
2
( ) L O
{ }
2
: 0, ( )
C
L v V v v L = e > e O
{ }
2
:| | , const ( ).
p
S x V x p p L = e s = c O
O
i
i i
u v
v dx uv n ds u dx
x x
O cO O
c c
=
c c
} } }
i
n
n
R O c
1, p

1,
1,
on ( )
p
p
W O
1,
0
0 , 1,
0
0 ,
, ( )
, ( ).
p
p p
n
u c u u W
u
u c u H
x
O
s e O
c
s e O
c

H ( , ) : a H H R
: f H R
u H e ( , ) ( ), a u v f v u H = e
( , ) a ( , ) 0, a u v v H > e
: J H R
1
( ) : ( , ) ( )
2
J v a v v f v =
inf ( ) ( )
H
u J u J u
e
= s
( )
2
1
is measur able in f or all ( )
: ,
continuous in f or almost all
i
x L
A a x
x I

e O

2
: ( , ) A a x
1
2
, 2 2
2
1
1 2 1 1 2
( )
( , ) ( , )
* .
W L
v
a x a x
x x x
u
c c V
x
o
o
c


O
c c c

c c c
| |
c
s s
|
|
c
\ .
( )
0
0 1 0 1
( , ) ( , m a x )
i n , , 0, 1, 2 ,
, , ,
w i t h m i x e d b ou n d a r y c on d i t i on s
0 on , ( , ) , .
i
i i
k
i i k
i i i
i
u
a x u g x u
x x
f x x k
x I x u x x x x x
u
u a x y n h o n
x

( c c
+

(
c c

= O = =

A = s s =
`

c
= I = I I I = O

c

)

( ) u D e O
0
I
(1)

( )
1
1 1
( , )
, .
i
i i
i
u v
a x u d x fv d x fg h v d s
x x
v I x u
O O O I
c c
= +
c c
+

} } } }

( ) u u x = : ( 0, ]
N
u x V
/
V e , u Au < > ( 0, ]
N
x
/
( ) , ( ) , , ( ) , ( ) ,
d d v
A u v d s A u d s D u P C v V
d s d s

O O
< > = < > e O e O e
} }
( , ) u u x u =
( ) J v
( )
(1)
0
( ) ( )
( ) li m s u p
h
J v h J v
D J V
h
+

+
=

c
L 0 o >
( )
0
, 0 x | o >
0
x o <
( )
0
, u x u | <
|
0
x

0 o > ( )
0
, 0 T T x o = >
0
x o < ( )
0 0
, u x u N <
0
x x T > +
(2)

( ) T T o =
( ) { }
/
0
: 0 on V u PC u = e O = I
( )
/ /
V PC = O ( ) PC O
1, 2
( ) W O ( ) PC O cO
: A V V ' b V ' e
( ) , ( , ) , , ( )
i i
u v
A u v a x u d x u V v D
x x
O
c c
= e e O
c c

}
( )
1 2 3 4
, , b v b b b b x v = + + +
1 2 3
, , , b f vdx b vgdx b f vdx
O O I
= = =
} } }
4
1
.
i i
i
b v I
=
=

u V e ( ), , A u u b v v V = e e
1
,
i i i
b v f v d x f v f v d x v I
O O I
= + +
} } }
(3)
(4)
(5)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
L L L L L L L
L
f v g v h v c v
c v
O O O O O O O
O
s + + +
s
2 2 2
1
( ) ( ) ( )
ma x , ,
L L L
c f g h c
O O O
(
= =

'
: A V V
: A V V
0 o >
( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
, 0, , A u A u u u u u V o o > > e
( ) A u b = b V e
( ) ( ) ( ) T u u A u b
c
c =
0 c > T
c
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
, , T u T u u u u u V
c c
<e e

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2
2
2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2
2 2
1 2
,
2 ,
1 2 .
T u T u u u A u A u
u u A u A u u u A u A u
u u u u A u A u A u A u
u u M
c
c
c c
c c
c o c
=
=
= +
s +
A ( ) ( )
2
2 1 2 1
A u A u u u o >
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1 2 2 1
, ,
i i i
i i i
u u
A u A u a x x a x u
x x x
(
| | c c c
=
( |
c c c
\ .

( )
2 2 1 1
,
.
i
i i i i x i
a x u a u a u u u a u
x x x x x x x x x
c c c c c c c c
=
c c c c c c c c c
( ) ( )
2 1
1 2
2 1
2 1
1 2
2
2
.
i
i
V
u u
A u A u L
x x
u u
L u u
x x
m u u
c c
s
c c
(
c c
s +
(
c c

=
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 0 m c o c c c o + < <
0, 2 0 0
2
c
c c o o > > < < mi n 1,
2
c
o
| |
=
|
\ .

T
c
( ) T u u
c
=
( )
0
T u u Au b u
Au b
c
c = =
=
A
( ) A u b =
( , ) a x u
( )
1
*
1
( , ) ,
.
n
i
i i i
n
i i
i
u v
a u v a x u d x g v d x
x x
b fv d h v d s v I o
=
O O
=
O I
c c
=
c c
= + +

} }

} }
1 1
( ) ( , )
2 2
i i
u v
J v a x u d v g v d x
x x
O O
c c
=
c c
} }

( )
2
1 { , }
, , , , , .
n
n
i j i j i j i
i j m
a x m R x R
s s
> e e

u inf ( )
v V
u J v
e
=
*
( , )
i i
u v
a x u g vd x b
x x
O O
c c
=
c c

} }
2
( ) b L e O
0
: ( ) a H H V H = O
0
( )
min ( )
v H
u J v
e O
=
*
1 1
( ) ( , ) .
2 2
i
i i i
u v
J v a x u g v d x b
x x
O O
c c
=
c c

} }
*
, , 0 N m q >
1
: H
( ) ( )
1 ,
sup , and sup , max
x u x u V
N a x u g x u
+ < e
= < <
2 2
*
1
mi n , .
2
L L
N u M v q
(
=


( )
0
, min ( )
v V
u u x u J v
e
= =
*
1 1
( ) ( , ) .
2 2
i
i i i
u v
J v a x u d x g v d x b
x x
O
c c
=
c c

} }
2 2
1 1
*
m i n ( )
1 1
m i n ( , )
2 2
1
m i n .
2
v J
L L
u J v
u v
a x u d x g v d x
x x
N u M v q
e
O
s
(
c c
s
(
c c

(
s + =

} }
o | | x o <
*
| q > | ( , ) | u x u | s
( , ) u u x u =
1
: H , 1, 2, 3
i
k i =
*
1 2 1 3
| | , | | a n d | | f k v h k v I k v s s s

1
: H
*
1 1
( , )
2 2
i
i i i
u v
a x u d x g v d x b
x x
O
c c
> >
c c

} }
1
* *
.
i i
i
b fv dx h v dx v I
I
O
= + +

} }
( ) 0, ( ) ( ) a n d ( ) 0 ,
k k k
J v J x x J x D J v v V
+
> + A s < e
{ } , 1, 2, . . .
k
x k =
1 2
& H H
*
1
1
( ) ( , )
2
i
i i i
n
i i
i
u v
J v a x u g v d x
x x
f v d x h v d s v I
O O
=
O I
c c
=
c c
(
= + +
(

} }

} }
1
H
1
*
1
2 2 2
1 2 3
0 .
n
i i
i
i
f v d x h v d s v I
k v d x k v d s k v
=
O I
O I
+ +
s + + s

} }
} }
2
H ( ) 0 J v >
( )
0
*
1
( ) ( )
( ) l i m s u p
1
2 2 0
2
h
J v h J v
D J v
h
g h d x I
+
+

+
=
= + + <
}
*
0, 0 g h > >

( , ) u u x u =
{ }
2
: 0
C
L v L v = e > 0 o >
0
u o < 0 | >
*
q | <
*
q
( )
( )
2
2
, ma x ( , ) , , 0, 1, 2, . . .
0 on
k
p k
x
k
u u
c g x u f x u x x k
x x
u e I x
u

c c
+ = = =
c c
A =
= cO
i s t h e t h e r ma l h e a t c a p a c i t y of s ys t e m
p
c 0 >
( , ) , ( )
p
x u c x k u u = + +
( ) u
Heat source

2
1 1
( )
2 2
u u v
J v c k dx vg dx vf dx
x x x
O O O
c c c
| |
= +
|
c c c
\ .
} } }
1 2 2 2 2
ma x
( , ma x ) a n d g ( , ma x )
1 1 ma x ( ma x )
u x
g x u x u
x x u x u
o o
= =
+
2
2
( i ) 0 i n
( ) 0 i n
1
( ) 0 i n
2
T h e n ( ) 0 i n = a n d t h e t e mp e r a t u r e u i s s u c h t h a t
p
u u
c k
x x
v
i i
x
i i i g f
J v
c c
+ > O
c c
c
> O
c
+ s O
> O O c O
2
2
( ) 0 ( 1) , 1
2
( ) 0 1
2 (1 )
iv u x f x
A n d
x
v u
x x f
o
o
< < >

< s s
+
*
0 in . h < I
J( v) 0 in a nd hvdx=0
I
> O
}
( ) 0 i n J v > O

2
1 ma x
0 .
2 2 (1 )
u
g f f
x
o
+ = + s

2
2
ma x ( 1) f or 1. u x f x
o
s >
2
2
0 ma x , the r e f or e ( 1) u u u x
o
s s <
2 2
1
0
2 2 (1 ma x ( ma x ) )
x
g f f
x u x u
o
+ = + s

( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2 ma x 2 ( ma x )
2 2 2 .
x x u x u
x u x u f
o > + +
> + +
2
f or 0 1, y y y y R
+
s s < e
2
( ma x ) ma x if 0 u ma x u < 1 u u s s s
2 -
0 u ma x u < < 1
2 (1 )
x
x x f
o
s s
+
( ) 0 J v >
, 0, 0. f x o > >
+
( 1 )
h 0
*
( ) ( )
( ) l i m
1
( )
2
i
i
J v h J v
D J v
h
g d x f d x h d s I x
+

O O I
+
=
= +

} } }
*
0 h < I , a nd
i
g f I
O ( ) ( ) .
k k k
J x x J x + A s
k
x
u
O