CHAPTER 3 : COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

1. Diagram 1 shows a simple reflex arc. (a) Name the structure labeled P, Q, R, S, T and U. (b) What makes up the (i) white matter (ii) grey matter (c) What is the function of the interneurone? (d) Often, we are aware of the reflex action because some impulses have been sent to the brain. (i) Which neurone sends the impulse to the brain? (ii) Where does this occur? 2. Diagram 2 shows a simplified drawing of a nephron in the kidney. (a) What are the physical processes that occur at X and Y during excretion? (b) Compare the composition of blood P entering the glomerulus and blood Q leaving the glomerulus. (c) What is the composition of the fluid in R? (d) A patient suffering from an infection of the bladder or urethra was advised to drink a lot of water. Explain why. (e) Name two other organs that also remove water from our body and the mechanism involved. 3. Our bodys temperature regulating mechanism is similar to an oven thermostat, which switches on and off the controlling regulator to adjust the temperature of the oven. (a) What is the main controlling regulator for our bodys temperature? (b) List two ways in which the control center in the body may pass information to the temperature regulator. (c) How would the body respond to the regulator mechanism after it has detected a deviation of the bodys temperature from the normal? (d) What would happen if the body temperature of a person falls below 34C? (e) In what way does the human body lose heat to the surroundings when the body temperature is above normal? (f) Some people tend to drink alcohol when they are cold to get a false sense of warmth. (i) How does alcohol give a sensation of warmth to the drinker? (ii) Why should a person stop drinking more alcohol when the body temperature has returned to normal?