SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION REPORT HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

Member of SGD 2: Ajeng Putri Pertiwi Eggi Yenniawati Ferry Gustiningrum GiftarizkyPradhani Hadiandewi Hesty Pradhini Inanda Nita Apriliyanti Mayya N L Melli Dwi Astritia Nadia Fitri Hapsari Rafida Nur Fitria Rifki Falah 112080001 112090070 112090074 112090078 112090080 112090082 112090086 112090088 112090090 112090094 112090096

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM SULTAN AGUNG SEMARANG 2012

Small Group Discussion Report Leader : Rafida Nur Fitria (112090094) Scriber : Eggi Yenniawati (112090070)

Introduction Public health administration encompasses the practical application of knowledge for the general public good. Therefore, to the greatest extent possible, identification with the realities of daily work and its problems is fundamental to its adequate teaching. As with clinical medicine, the teaching of public health administration is best done at the bedside of the patient. In our field, the patient is the social community,and the best way for the student to learn about the administration of public health programs is necessarily in relation to the community. In this article, the writer wants to give you information about the health administration and everything that connected about planning report. organization that include into the health administration.

Scriber

STEP 1 1. Organization ( Organisasi ) : - an organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department - Suatu kumpulan dari orang-orang yang membentuk suatu kelompok yang memiliki tujuan 2. Planning report ( Laporan perencanaan ) : - The work that concerns about the drafting, preparation of activities to be implemented to achieve the goals to get a better result - Pekerjaan yg menyangkut tentang penyusunan konsep, penyusunan kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan untuk mencapai tujuan yang ditetapkan untuk mendapatkan hasil yg lebih baik 3. Management process (Proses manajemen) : - All activities (it comes from planning report, organization, implementation and evaluation) is done by medical professionals and their interactions with patients - Semua kegiatan (berasal dari planning report, organisasi,implementasi dan evaluasi) yang dilakukan dengan profesional oleh tenaga medis dan interaksinya dengan pasien 4. Input component : - Physical facilities, equipment and maintenance of organization, management, finance, human resources and other healthcare facilities - Sarana fisik, perlengkapan dan perawatan organisasi,manajemen,keuangan, sumber daya manusia dan fasilitas kesehatan lainnya the set of elements that contained in the system is required for the proper functioning of the system Kumpulan elemen atau bagian yang terdapat dalam sistem yg diperlukan untuk berfungsinya sistem tersebut

5. Primary care units (Unit Pelayanan Primer) : - A health care under the healths department that directly interact in the public or community (ex : puskesmas) - Suatu pelayanan kesehatan dibawah dinas kesehatan yang langsung berinteraksi ke masyarakat (ex : puskesmas)

STEP 2 Health Administration 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is definition of health administration ? What is the function of health administration ? What is purpose of health administration ? What is the main elements of health administration ? What is the scope of health administration ? What kind of health administrations tools? Planning report 1. What kind of planning to solve this articles problem? 2. what kind of characteristics of the planning report? 3. What is the main step of planning report? 4. What kind of factor that can influence organisation ? 5. How the process of organitation ? 6. What kind of characteristics to be a good leader in organitation? 7. What the people need to do implementation of health programme? 8. How is the process of implementation ? 9. What kind of component we need to evaluate this health programme? 10. What is the main element of organisation ? STEP 3 Health Administration 1. What is definition of health administration ? - HEALTH ADMINISTRATION is a process involve about planning, organizing, direction, control, coordinate , evaluation, the healty area and hold health programme for the society to fulfil health needs 2. What is the function of health administration ? a. to manage health programme to increase degree of welfare and healthiness 3. What is purpose of health administration ? a. Agar kebutuhan dan tuntutan masyarakat akan kesehatan dapat terpenuhi sebaik-baiknya ( for needs and demands can fulfil the best public health) 4. What is the main elements of health administration ? a. Input (Resourches) is everything that we need to do health administration the component of input are : (6M) Men Money Material

Methode Market Machinery

Based on America , there are : Resourches Procedure Capacity b. Process o Health Management i. Plan Report ii. Organisation iii. Implementation iv. Evaluation programme c. Output Terkenal dengan health service , consist of : Medical service Public health service perseorangan, keluarga, kelompok dan masyarakat d. Target 1. Direct Target 2. Indirect Target e. Impact effect from activities health administration 5. What is scope of health administration ? a. Administration activity b. Subject and object 6. What kind of health administrations tools? input component a. Men c. Material e. Market b. Money d. Methode f. Machinery Planning report 1. What kind of planning to solve this articles problem? Term of philosophy , there are 3 : a. Optimizing planning

b. Satisfising planning c. Adaptivizer planning 2. what kind of characteristics of the planning report? a. Can be manage b. Can solve the problems c. Orientation about the future (future orientation) d. Part of administration system 3. What is the main step of planning report? a. Identify the problems b. Priority of problems c. Identify the problem solving d. Priority of problem solving 4. What kind of factor that can influence organisation ? a. There is no money b. The characteristic of leader c. Members of organisation 5. How the process of organitation ? a. Memahami tujuan ( understanding the purpose ) b. Kegiatan c. Mengubah kelompok kgiatan ke dalam bentuk jabatan (Organisation structure ) d. Melakukan pengelompokkan jabatan e. Mengubah kelompok jabatan ke dalam suatu bentuk satuan organisasi f. Membentuk struktur organisasi 6. What kind of characteristics to be a good leader in organitation? a. Incredible b. Honest c. Bersih 7. What the people need to do implementation of health programme? a. Motivation b. Communication c. Leadership d. Directing e. Controlling f. Supervision

8. How is the process of implementation ? LI 9. What kind of component we need to evaluate this health programme? LI 10. What is the main element of organisation ? LI

STEP 4
HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

Input

Process

Output

Target

Impact

6M Health Management 1. 2. 3. 4. Planning Report Organization Implementation Evaluation a. b. c. d. e. f. Definition Purpose Limitation Main element Step-step characteristics

Problem Solving

STEP 7 Health Administration 1. What is the definition of health administration ? - HEALTH ADMINISTRATION is a process involve about planning, organizing, directioning, controlling, coordinating , evaluating, the healty area and held health programme for the society to fulfil health needs . - ADMINISTRASI KESEHATAN adalah proses melibatkan sekitar perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, pengendalian, koordinasi, evaluasi, daerah tempat kesehatan dan menyelenggarakan program kesehatan bagi masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan 2. What is the function of health administration ? a. to manage health programme to increase degree of welfare and healthiness untuk mengelola program kesehatan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesejahteraan dan kesehatan masyarakat b. same with process, there are planning (consist of budgeting), organizing (consist of staffing), implementing (consist of directing, coordinating, guidance actuating and controlling) and evaluating (consist of reporting) sama dengan proses, ada perencanaan (terdiri dari anggaran), pengorganisasian (terdiri dari staf), pelaksanaan (terdiri dari mengarahkan, mengkoordinasikan, membimbing pelaksanaan dan pengawasan) dan evaluasi (terdiri dari pelaporan) c. in order to fulfil for needs and demands of public health dalam rangka untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan tuntutan kesehatan masyarakat 3. What is purpose of health administration ? a. the needs and demands of the public's health can be fulfil as well as possible Agar kebutuhan dan tuntutan masyarakat akan kesehatan dapat terpenuhi sebaik-baiknya b. Can be provided and organized health service as well as possible Agar penyediaan dan penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan dapat diselenggarakan sebaik mungkin

c. Can manage resources and ability process for effectivity and efficiency Agar dapat mengelola sumber daya alam dan mampu untuk mengelola sumber daya secara efektifitas dan efisiensi

4. What is the main elements of health administration ? a. Input (Resourches) tools of health administration (perangkat administrasi kesehatan) a) Definition : Input is everything that we need to do health administration Definisi : input adalah semua yang kita butuhkan untuk membuat administrasi kesehatan b) The component of input are : (6M) i. Man ( Sumber daya manusia ) ii. Money ( Uang ) iii. Material ( Material) iv. Methode ( Metode ) v. Market (Pasar) vi. Machinery (Mesin) c) The component of input based on Komisi Pendidikan Administrasi Kesehatan America , are : Resourches there are 3 kinds of resourches : a. Power resourches or labour resourches devided by : i. Skilled (tenaga ahli) Ex : doctor, dentist, midwife and nurse ii. Unskilled (tenaga tidak ahli) Ex : messenger, office boy or another hard worker b. Capital resourches working capital (such as cash money and demand deposit) fix capital ( building) c. Natural resourches is everything that comes from nature and not include labour or capital resourches, such as sourch of energy and sourch of capital Procedure

 Capacity i. Direct target group 6M ( man, money, material, method, market, machinery ) ii. Indirect target group 4M ( man, money, material, method)

b. Process a) Definition : Process is step that we must to do for reach the purpose that we organized proses adalah tahapan yang harus kita lakukan untuk meraih tujuan yang telah terorganisir b) Health Management Plan Report (Laporan Perencanaan) Organisation (Organisasi) Implementation (Implementasi) Evaluation programme (Evaluasi Program) c) Based on Barton , there are eight function health administration :

i.

Planning (Rencana) is the proccess of setting a formal briefing and various obstacles that estimate in running a program to serve as a good guideline within an organizing proses penetapan perencanaan dan berbagai hambatan yang telah diperkirakan ada dalam menjalankan suatu program guna di pakai sebagai pedoman dalam suatu organisasi) there are many kinds of planning, they are : a. From the point of entry into force of the plan periode There are : a) Long range planning is a long term plan tipically between 12-20 years b) Medium range planning between 5-7 years c) Short range planning only for one year b. Terms of the Frequencys use

a) Single use planning is a plan that is used only for one time only rencana yang hanya sekali pakai adalah rencana yang hanya digunakan untuk sekali pakai b) Repeat use planning or planning standard is a plan that can be used multiple times rencana yang digunakan berulang adalah rencana yang dapat digunakan untuk berkali-kali (tidak hanya sekali pakai saja) c. Limitation of planning a) Planning is ability to have one available the end the possibility is considered the most appropriate mens to achieve the goal Perencanaan adalah kemampuan untuk memiliki beberapa kemungkinan yang dianggap orang paling tepat untuk mencapai tujuan b) Planning is a job that involves drifting and activities to be implemented for reach stated goal for a better future Perencanaan adalah pekerjaan yang melibatkan drifting dan kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan untuk mencapai tujuan untuk masa depan yang lebih baik ii. Organizing (Organisasi) a) Creating commite composition and organisation to realize or implements plan that have been made. Menciptakan susunan panitia dan organisasi untuk mewujudkan atau mengimplementasikan rencana yang telah dibuat. b) Step to define , classify and organized various activity to achieve organisationals goal. Langkah untuk mendefinisikan, mengklasifikasikan dan berbagai kegiatan terorganisir untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi itu. iii. Staffing Make a team to do health programme membuat suatu kelompok untuk melaksanakan program kesehatan

iv. Budgeting Arranging budget for doing health programme menganggarkan dana untuk melaksanakan program kesehatan

v.

Implementing Realization of planning . merealisasikan rencana yang telah dibuat

vi. Coordinating To coordinate all of the staff activity untuk mengkordinasi semua aktivitas para staff vii. Reporting To report the result of implementing untuk melaporkan hasil dari implementasi viii. Evaluating To evaluate all of the procedure in health programme untuk mengevaluasi semua prosedur dalam program kesehatan c. Output a) Definition: Output is result of administration working. We called it with health service Output adalah hasil dari administrasi . Terkenal dengan pelayanan kesehatan b) consist of : Medical service Public health service individuals (perseorangan), family (keluarga), group (kelompok) dan community ( masyarakat ) d. Target a) Definition : people individu or everything that we get activity b) There are two kinds of target : 1. Direct Target for ex : social activity to educate the children 2. Indirect Target for ex : want to see the childs condition through their parents e. Impact (Dampak) - effect from activities health administration

(dampak dari aktivitas administrasi kesehatan) - effect that can happened caused output (dampak dari semua yang disebabkan oleh output)

5. What is scope (ruang lingkup) of health administration ? a. Administration activity is starting for planning, organisation, implementation and control b. Subject and object Adalah sistem kesehatan untuk menyelenggarakan administrasi kesehatan perlu dipahami dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan sistem kesehatan (health system = it means the complexs factors (there are two subsistem : health service and budgeting of health service, policy from the government to cover all the subsistem) and connecting from the country that we need to fulfil demand and neccesity of individu, family or public health everytime needed )

Planning report and Organization

1. What kind of planning to solve this articles problem? Term of philosophy , there are 3 : a. Optimizing planning = plans that promote optimal objective (Perencanaan yang optimal = rencana yang mempromosikan tujuan-tujuan yang optimal) b. Satisfying planning = plans that not concerned to get profits but the satisfying (Perencanaan yang memuaskan = rencana yang tidak mementingkan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan tetapi rencana dapat memuaskan) c. Adaptivizer planning = plans that to adjust to the situation and condition faced (Perencanaan yang adaptiv = rencana yang menyesuaikan diri dengan situasi dan kondisi yang dihadapi) 2. what kind of characteristics of the planning report? a. Can be manageable : natural, logic, objective, clear, flexible and matching with resourches Dapat dikelola : alami, logika, objektif, jelas, fleksibel dan sesuai dengan sumber daya

b. Can solve the problems : planning must solve anything problems Dapat memecahkan masalah : perencanaan harus memecahkan masalah apapun c. Orientation about the future : the result of realized planning can bring the advantage not for today but for the future Orientasi tentang masa depan : hasil perencanaan yang direalisasikan dapat membawa keuntungan, walaupun bukan untuk hari ini tapi untuk masa depan d. Part of administration system : because planning just one of the function of administration, administration that have no planning isnt good administration programme Bagian dari sistem administrasi : karena perencanaan hanya satu dari fungsi administrasi, administrasi yang memiliki perencanaan bukanlah program administrasi yang baik e. Continuing implementation : Planning is important to do implementation, a good planning can make a good implementation that can do continuing for another implementation. Melanjutkan implementasi : Perencanaan penting untuk melakukan implementasi, perencanaan yang baik dapat membuat implementasi yang baik yang dapat melakukan terus untuk implementasi lain. 3. What is the main step of planning report? There are five main step of planning report : a. Analize of the situation (Menganalisa situasi) b. Identify the problems and priorities (Mengidentifikasi masalah dan prioritas) c. Determine the programs objectivies (Menentukan objektivitas program) d. Analizing the obstacles and weakness of program (Mengkaji hambatan dan kelemahan program) e. Operational work plans There are the other main step of planning report, are : a. Identify the problems : Identifying all problem in public b. Priority of problems : after we get the problems, we make the priority of problems. There are many ways to choose problem priority : i. Importancy a) Prevalence how is big the problem b) Severity the effect c) Rate of increase increase of problem d) Degree of unmeet need e) Social benefit f) Public concern concerns public about the problem

g) Political Climate ii. iii. Worthiness Technology High technology availability priority problem Resourches High resourches availibility

c. Identify the problem solving a) Choose the etiology of problem b) Checking validity of etiology problem (confirmation) c) Change the etiology of problem to activity d. Priority of problem solving a) Effectivity There are : i. Magnitude : problem that can solved ii. Importancy : how long the problem solved iii. Sensitivity : how fast the problem solved b) Efficiency It means cost 4. What kind of factor that can influence organization ? a. There is no money b. The characteristic of leader c. Members of organisation There are two factors that can influence the organization : a) Internal Factor : = Factor that include in organization , like : increase and decrease staff, activity and purpose. Welfare and purpose not reached. b) External Factor = Factor that out from organization , like : government policy, technology changing or environment public changing. 5. How the process of organization ? a. Understanding the purpose Memahami tujuan sehingga jelas tolok ukurnya b. Memahami Kegiatan (bersifat pokok) sehingga setiap kegiatan jelas sasarannya c. Organisation structure Mengubah kelompok kegiatan ke dalam bentuk jabatan

Prinsip pokok yang harus di tempuh : a) kegiatan di kelompokkan harus sejenis tdk bertentangan satu dengan yg lainnya b) jumlah kegiatan yg di kelompokkan jgn terlalu banyak karena akan memberatkan pelaksaannya, tp jgn terlalu sedikit karena tidak efisien c) jumlah kelompok kegiatan yang di hasilkan jangan terlalu banyak karena akan memberatkan organisasi tetapi jangan terlalu sedikit karena ada kemungkinan tergabungnya kegiatan yang sebenarnya berbeda sehingga dapat membentuk suatu jabatan d. Melakukan pengelompokkan jabatan i. Analisa tugas :untuk memperjelas tgs kelompoknya ii. Penyerahan tugas : untuk mengkaji ulang tgs2 tadi e. Mengubah kelompok jabatan ke dalam suatu bentuk satuan organisasi f. Membentuk struktur organisasi Yang diperhatikan : Harus memperhatikan hirarki (tingkatan) 6. What kind of characteristics to be a good leader in organization? a. Incredible b. Honest c. Knowing about the organization d. Can teach, lead, respect for others e. Can take decision ( be a good decisions maker) f. There are three skill that can called good leader : i. Conceptual skill the skills that involve that ability to critically, analize complex problem ii. Technical skill the skill that reflect expertize or ability to perform a specific work task iii. Interpersonal skill the skills that inable a manager to communicate with and work well with other individuals 7. What the people need to do implementation of health programme? a. Motivation keterampilan motivasi for reach the purpose that we planned , we must have a motivation to work optimally untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah direncanakan, kita harus mempunyai motivasi untuk bekerja secara optimal b. Communication untuk mengambil keputusan antara sesama staff Communication needs for make a decision and make employees relationship for do administration working well

 Komunikasi dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan dan membuat hubungan pekerjaan untuk bekerja dengan baik c. Leadership keterampilan kepemimpinan process that can influence human activity for reach purpose that have been planned before proses dimana dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas manusia untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah di rencanakan sebelumnya d. Directing keterampilan dalam pengarahan process to realize decision, plan and program in activity for reach the purpose proses untuk merealisasikan pendapat, rencana dan aktivitas program untuk mencapai tujuan e. Controlling keterampilan pengawasan evaluating and correcting for reach purpose mengevaluasi dan mengoreksi tujuan yang diraih f. Supervision keterampilan supervisi dari atasan ke bawahan directing observation the implementation , so if we found problem we can solve as soon as possible 8. How is the process of implementation ? There are : a) Kegiatan (Activity) b) Pengarahan (Directing) c) Koordinasi (Coordinating) d) Pergerakan (Action) 9. What kind of component we need to evaluate this health programme? Evaluasi dari input, output, implementasi dll , semua di evaluasi Jadi, setiap melakukan tahap-tahap dalam komponen program kesehatan, setiap tahap harus di evaluasi agar hasil dari program kesehatan dapat lebih baik. 10. What is the main element of organisation ? a) Everything that organized (Hal yang di organisasikan) Activity (Kegiatan ) Pengaturan berbagai kegiatan yang ada dalam rencana sedemikian rupa sehingga terbentuk satu kesatuan yang terpadu, yang secara keseluruhan diarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Staff (Tenaga pelaksana)

Mencakup pengatur struktur organisasi,susunan personalia serta hak dan wewenang dari setiap tenaga pelaksana, sedemikian rupa sehingga setiap kegiatan ada penanggungjawabnya. b) Process of Organization (Proses organisasi ) step to do implementation Menyangkut pelaksanaan langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan sedemikian rupa hingga semua kegiatan yang akan dilakukan serta tenaga pelaksana yang dibutuhkan, mendapat pengaturan yang sebaik-baiknya dan setiap kegiatan yang dilaksanakan memiliki penanggungjawab pelaksanaannya. c) The result of organization (Hasil organisasi) combine of planning activity and staffing become an organization terbentuknya suatu wadah (entity) yang pada dasarnya merupakan perpaduan antara kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan serta tenaga pelaksana yang dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut. Wadah yang terbentuk ini dikenal dengan organisasi.

Literature ( Daftar Pustaka ) 1) 2) 3) 4) Azwar Asrul. 1998. Pengantar Administrasi Kesehatan. Jakarta : Binarupa Aksara. Muninjaya, Gde AA. 2004. Manajemen Kesehatan ed. 2. Jakarta : EGC . Notoatmodjo, Soekidjo. 1997. Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. Jakarta : Rhineka Cipta. http://www.ehow.com/facts_5542554_definition-healthadministration.html#ixzz27UkpcPHx