Physiology of nose and paranasal sinuses

Ratna Kusumawati

 Nose is devided into 2 parts : external nose internal nose (cavum nasi)

Septum nasi devides cavum nasi

into 2 cavum nasi

EXTERNAL NOSE

 Cavum nasi communicates with:

Exterior through anterior nares nasopharynx through choana Paranasal siinuses through ostium Auris media through tuba auditiva

INTERNAL NOSE

Vascular Supply

Nerve Supply
Innervation

Nerve supply
1. Sensory : - n. optalmicus - n. maxillaris 2. n. olfactorius smell 3. Autonomic nerve : - sympatic : vasoconstiction, hyposecretion - parasympatic : vasodilatation, hypersecretion

The function of nose

1. Respiration airway 2. Air conditioning:
The air is warmed and moistened before it reaches the lung

3. Protection :
- Vibrissae/hair - Cilia Transport of foreign particles is carried out via action of cilia moving the mucous blanket with its entrapped particles - Lyzozym - sneezing

4. Resonance 5. Tuba eustachii function 6. Drainage: - paranasal sinuses - nasolacrimal duct 7. Olfaction : - Olfaction is an important function of the nose & it has protective value against approaching dangers

Olfaction

Purpose of sinuses Resonating chamber for voice Decrease weight of skull Warm & moisten air Shock absorbers

 Consist : 1. Mucosa
Cilliated columnar epithelial cells Noncilliated columnar cells Basal cells

2. Goblet Cells
Glycoproteinsviscosity and elasticity Innervation Basement membrane Submucosal glands

Mucous Blanket
Two layers
Liquid layer Gel layer

Function
Superficial layer traps bacteria and particulate matter. Enzymes, antibodies, immune cells

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MUCUS DRAINAGE OF SINUSES:

Mucociliary mechanism Mucus travel to the ostium Cilia propel mucus into the meatus Carried to pharynx Mucous from ant. Groups travels to lateral pharyngeal gutter In infection, lateral lymphoid bands get hypertrophied
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