THE KARGIL CONFLICT 1999

ANALYTICAL VIEW OF
DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS

RABIA AHMAD & Zamurrad Awan

MAP OF KARGIL
 ABSTRACT
 The research discuses the conflict in Kargil in
between India and Pakistan

 The research has discussed the pros and

corns of the Kargil war, the resolution of the
conflict and the affected analyzed impact on
both the countries

 The inviolability of the LOC received

international appreciation
 INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 Kargil War is perceived as a minor war

because the span of fighting was limited to a
single front in Kashmir

 This was the most recent ground war between

any two nations after India and Pakistan had
developed nuclear weapons and after the
Sino-Soviet border conflict.

 Kargil was a preventative deliberate action to

anticipate the apparent Indian repulsive
designs in that sector
•

 In early May 1999, the Indian defense force

learnt that intruders had engaged the
heights close to the Dras area in Kashmir. A
perambulation of ten soldiers sent to examine
the particular area.

 According to some political analysts, it almost

led to a nuclear war.
 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM

 There have been two major wars, The 1965

war and the 1971 war before this Kargil
conflict which was a low intensity war

 In India and Pakistan’s war except for the

1971 war , the dispute concerned East
Pakistan , the main cause was the disputed
region of Kashmir.

 Pakistan has hoisted the Kashmir issue within

the UN and asked for worldwide involvement
to determine the dispute.
 RATIONALE
 To find out the main objectives behind the
Kargil conflict

 To dissect who should ultimately accept the

occurrence for such an opperation

 To analyze whether Pakistan was in a mood to

start a war or wanted to resolve the issue

 To determine whether the Kargil issue

became a victory for Pakistan or India

 To scrutinize the relationship between India

and Pakistan after the Kargil Conflict
 HYPOTHESIS OF FORMULATION
The researcher will attempt to find out the
different perceptions on Kargil war by both
the countries and also the International
involvement.

 India and Pakistan both have different point

of views as far as the Kargil conflict was
concerned
 LITERATURE REVIEW

 Shireen.M. Mazari in her book “The Kargil

Conflict 1999” (September 2003),has
discussed that the Kargil conflict became the
center of attention of the worldwide
observation and study.

 The reports of the Indian government “The

Kargil Review Committee Report”
(December,1999) has given an overview of
Kargil invasion
 Raju G.C.Thomas and Amit Gupta in their book
“India’s Nuclear Security” (2000) discussed
that the revisit of martial rule in
Pakistan,with General Pervez Musharaf having
exiled Nawaz Sharif in October 1999

 Tom Clancy in his book “Battle Ready”

expresses that during the Kargil war there
were exchanges of fire, there was a
recruitment of forces, there were bombing
attacks, planes were shot down.

 Musharraf in his book “In the Line of

Fire”(2006) said that India started all the
wars and crossed the Line of Control in the
Kargil conflict.
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 The research aims to widen new imminents

into the foundation, accomplishment and
consequences of the 1999 India-Pakistan war
in central Kashmir

 To illustrate from these insights a better

understanding of India-Pakistan military
challenge

 To develop new findings and engage

hypothetical contest

 To study the Kargil conflict from a erudite,

worldwide outlook
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 The research includes secondary sources like

books, articles, journals, reports and Internet

 The research is historical and exploratory

 The research has an immense impression

 The research is chronological because this

issue has a cosmic background to it
 RESULTS
AFTER MATH OF KARGIL CONFLICT
 From the end of the war until February
2000,Indian stock market rose by over 30%.

 After the war, the Indian government

detached ties with Pakistan and increased
defence preparedness

 The whole occurrence of the Kargil conflict

became a series of incremental steps on both
the sides that in a highly flammable political
diplomatic environment produced a quick
restricted war
 Kargil have gained so much tolerability within
public of Pakistan

 Kargil have gained so much tolerability even within

an ill-informed public in Pakistan

 Kargil was a defining moment which has

misrepresented the course of Pakistan’s history

 Kashmir dispute has been highlighted in the

whole universe because of the Kargil Conflict
 DISCUSSION
 LAHORE DECLARATION

In the year previous to the Kargil incursion,

India and Pakistan tested nuclear arms

In February 1999, the Indian Prime Minister,

Atal Bihari Vajpayee met his contradict
partner Nawaz Sharif, the Pakistani Prime
Minister, in the city of Lahore, Pakistan
 The general idea of the declaration was to
have a diplomatic and mutual statement of the
Kashmir issue
 All of this was in deliberate opposition to the
"Spirit of Lahore"and hopes of peace
repeated by Prime Ministers Vajpayee and
Nawaz Sharif
 OCCURRENCE OF KARGIL WAR

 The Kargil war took place between May 8,in

the year 1999.It was initiated by the
Pakistani forces and the Militants of the
Kashmir

 According to the Indian Defence Minister

George Fernandes 524 Indian soldiers were
killed and 1,363 were wounded in this low
intensity war
 India sent five infantry divisions,five self-
regulating brigades and 44 battalions of
paramilitary group to Kashmir

The government of Pakistan stated

at that time that 696 Pakistani
soldiers gave their lives

On the July 14 both the sides had

effectively ended their military
operations
 PAKISTAN’S MOTIVATIONS AND
ASSUMTIONS
 To internationalize Kashmir as a nuclear flare
position requiring imperative third party
involvement

 To modify the Line of Control (LOC) and

dislocate its sancity by detaining un held
areas in Kargil

 To accomplish an improved agreement position

for an achievable deal off beside the
positions held by India in Siachin
NUMBER AND COMPOSITION OF
INTRUDERS IN KARGIL SECTOR
 The number and composition of intruders in
the Kargil sector as provided by different
agencies was specified that a total of 1500-
2400 troops, both ordinary and uneven, were
arranged

 The Indian High Commission in Islamabad

anticipated that approximately 1700 NLI
troops were qualified and organized in Kargil
 Occurrence of militants is supported by
inputs from various sources which indicate that
about 243 militants were killed and 156
offended during the operation
 CAUSES OF THE KARGIL WAR

 Indian Preparations to alter the LOC

 Indian Propaganda Campaign
 Indian deceptions
 Presence of High Altitude Bunker Busting
Missiles
 Indian Forward Policy
 Positions of Indians reserve Formations
 THE U TURN

 The American President called Mr Sharif

twice

 During a telephonic talk, Mr. Sharif asked Mr.

Clinton to let him meet directly, which was
accepted

 On 4 July 1999, Mr Sharif all of a sudden

went to Washington
 It has been said that it was an American
threat that Pakistani Prime Minister had to
bend to Indian-American stand on the Kargil

During this three hours meeting, Mr

Sharif,just like General Ayub Khan on the
instance of Tashkant declaration, lost on the
conference table whatever was accomplished in
the battlefield

A declaration was issued after the

conversation, which was called Washington
Declaration
 WASHINGTON DECLARATION

 President Clinton and Prime Minister Nawaz

Sharif share the view that the current
fighting in the Kargil region of Kashmir is
dangerous and contains the seeds of wider
conflict

 It was vital for the peace of South Asia that

the Line of Control in Kashmir be respected
by both parties,in accordance with their 1972
Simla Accord
 Concrete steps will be taken for the
restoration of the Line of Control in
accordance with Simla Agreement

 The President urged an Immediate cessation

of the hostilities once these steps are taken

 The President said he would take a personal

interest in encouraging on expeditious
resumption and intensification of these
bilateral efforts,once the sanctity of the Line
of Control has been fully restored
 THE WITHDRAWAL OF PAK ARMY
FROM KARGIL

 If Pakistan wanted, India would be

constrained to solve Kashmir issue on
Pakistan’s own condition, but the unknown,
implicit reasons obliged Mr. Sharif to kneel
down

 He without taking the Parliament and the

public in confidence, visited Washington and
accepted all their conditions because he was
not at all in a mood to fight a war
 He even did not try to insist that India
must be a party to the discussions of the
Washington Declaration

Nawaz Sharif in his interviews, public

addresses and press conferences openly said
that he agreed to the conditions in order to
save the image of Pak Army
 AFTER MATH OF KARGIL WAR

 Kashmir came out of the stat of frigidity.It

became the nuclear flash point and Kargil
issue was made internationalized

 India and Pakistan both came to know their

potentials

 Pakistan’s foreign policy was failed and the

propagatory front was proved a total collapse
 Political distances and tensions increased.
During the Kargil episode, the most
speculating thing took place that the nation
was united and integrated

 Even the most opposing leaders like Altaf

Hussain of M.Q.M ,and Wali Khan supported
Pakistan’s stand. After this decision political
instabilities increased

 Now Kargil has taken a form of ‘nightmare’ to

Indian forces
 CHALLENGES PAKISTAN HAD TO
FACE DURING KARGIL WAR

 Pakistan supported Kashmiri liberty to the

great effort against the unappreciated Indian
occupation of Jammu and Kashmir

 The Kargil episode was an indefinite attempt

taken by the Pak Army

 It was an effort of Army done in the Kargil

sector and the Mujahideen were their part to
this disorder
 ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN THE
KARGIL WAR
 The Kargil war was considerable for the
collision and pressure of the mass media on
public attitude in both nations

 Kargil news stories and war footage were

often telecast live on TV,and many websites
provided in strength analysis of the war

 This Kargil conflict became the first live war

in South Asia
 FILMS MADE ON KARGIL WAR

 LOC: Kargil (2003), a Hindi movie which

depictsmany incidents from the Kargil war
was one of the longest in Indian movie history,
running for more than four hours

 Lakshya (2004), another Hindi movie

portraying a fictionalized account of the
conflict.This film also received good reviews
in Pakistan because it portrays both sides
fairly
 Mission Fateh- Real stories of Kargil heroes, a
TV series telecast on Sahara channel.This
drama was about the Indian Army’s mission

 Fifty Day War- A theatrical production on the

war,the title indicating the length of the
Kargil conflict.This was claimed to be the
biggest production of its kind in Asia,
involving real aircraft and explosions in an
outdoor setting
 CONCLUSION
 Indian policy makers do not promote the fact
that Pakistan implied nuclear intimidation
during the Kargil crises because doing so only
serves to strengthen the value of Pakistan’s
nuclear coercion

 Even a limited variance such as Kargil marked

Pakistan’s motivation to actively develop its
nuclear assets

 The lesson that Pakistan have learned from

Kargil is that Kargil-like maneuvers have high
opinionated costs, principally in terms of
Pakistan’s worldwide repute