Adam Nieto Topic 2 Questions H.W.

Exercise Questions

9/22/13 Stiso, Period1/2

1) Use the Periodic Table to identify the sub-atomic particles present in the following species. Species 7 Li 1 H 14 C 19 F56 Fe3+ No. of protons 3 1 6 9 26 No. of neutrons 7- 3= 4 1- 1= 0 14- 6= 8 19- 9 = 10 56 - 26 = 30 No. of electrons 3-0=3 1-0=1 60=6 9 (-1) = 10 26 (+3) = 23

2) Isoelectronic species have the same number of electrons, Identify the following isoelectronic species by giving the correct symbol and charge. You will need a Periodic Table The first one has been done as an example. Species 40 Ca2+ 40 Ar 39 + K 35 ClNo. of protons 20 18 19 17 No. of neutrons 20 22 20 18 No. of electrons 18 18 18 18

3) Which of the following species contain more electrons than neutrons? A. B. C. D.

1 2

H B O 2F-

11 5

16 8 19 9

4) State two physical properties other than boiling and melting point that would differ for the two isotopes of chlorine. Density (mass per unit) Rate of diffusion (the lighter isotope would diffuse slightly faster.) 5) Which would be deflected most in a mass spectrometer? Answer C. 37Cl 2+, Ions with smaller mass are deflected more than heavier ions. Ions with higher charges are deflected more as they interact more effectively with magnetic field. 37/2 = 18.5 (this is the smallest mass/charge ratio. To find mass charge ratio divide the charge for example in the answer 2+ by 37 the mass number. 6) What is the same for an atom of phosphorus-26 and at atom phosphorus-27? B. Number of protons and neutrons. 7) Use the Periodic table to find the percentage abundance of neon-20 assuming that neon has only one other isotope, neon-22.

8) How many energy levels are occupied by Silicon in ground state? 14 electrons, the amount of electrons each level can hold is as follows- 2-8-18-32 So silicon would be 2-8-4 so it occupies 3 energy levels. Practice Questions 1) How many valence electrons are present in an atom of an element with atomic number 16? It would have 6 valence electrons because it is in group 6. 2) Consider the composition of the species W, X, Y, and Z below. Which species is an anion?
Species Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons

W X Y Z

9 11 12 13

10 12 12 14

10 11 12 10

The anion would be species W. 3) Which statement is correct for the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom?

5. (a) Evidence for the existence of energy levels in atoms is provided by line spectra. State how a line spectrum differs from a continuous spectrum. (b) On the diagram below draw four lines in the visible line spectrum of hydrogen. (c) Explain how on the formation of line indicates the presence of energy levels?

6. The diagram below is (not to scale) represents some of the electron energy levels in the hydrogen atom. (a) Draw an arrow on the diagram to represent the electron transition for the ionization of hydrogen. Label this arrow A. (b) Draw an arrow on the diagram to represent the lowest energy transition in the visible emission spectrum. Label this arrow B.

7. (a) define the term isotope. An isotope is one of a number of atoms that has the same element but with a different atomic mass. (Or same atomic number but different number of neutrons. Or same number of protons but different mass number.)

(b) A sample of argon exists as a mixture of three isotopes. Mass number 36, relative abundance 0.337% Mass number 38, relative abundance 0.0630% Mass number 40, relative abundance 99.6% Calculate the relative atomic mass of argon.
x 0.337 0.12132 36 100 x 0.0630 0.02394 38 100 x 99.6 39.84 40 100

39.84 + 0.12132 + 0.02394 = 38.98526

Should have 3 sig figs so 40.0 (c) State the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the ion 56Fe3+. p= 26 n= 56-26 = 30 e= 23

8) (a) State a physical property that is different for isotopes of an element. (c) Chlorine exists as two isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. The relative atomic mass of Chlorine is 35.45. Calculate the percentage abundance of each isotope.

9) (a) state the full electron arrange for argon. (b) Give the formulas of 2 oppositely charged ions in which have the same electron configuration. (a) Argon- 2-8-8 (b) The next element after argon is potassium, which can lose the electron to form the K+ ion with the same number of electrons as argon. Several other metals can form similar ions, Ca2+, Sc3+ ect. The element before argon is chlorine, which can gain an electron to form the chloride ion, Cl-. Other ions with the same number of electrons are sulfide (S2-) and phosphide (P3-).