Woodwind Methods Clarinet Pedagogy Article Summary Sheets Joshua Heaney Citation: Zorn, Jay D.

"Effectiveness of Chamber Music Ensemble Experience." Journal of Research in Music Education 21 (1973): 40-47. Article Title: Effectiveness of Chamber Music Ensemble Experience Instrument: Clarinet Journal Title: Journal of Research in Music Education, Spring 1973 Summary: Investigator taught ninth grade bands, sectionals, and chamber ensembles for a year. Students split into various groups of like instrumentation, experimental groups with more expanded instrumentation control groups. o ie, five soprano clarinets vs. 5 soprano clarinets, an alto clarinet, and a bass clarinet Data was gathered in six tests o Individual Recorded Performance (custom) o Music Information Inventory (custom) o Music Attitude Inventory (custom) o Musical Aptitude Profile (standard) o California Test of Mental Maturity (standard) o Differential Aptitude Tests (standard) Results o Based on the results of the statistical analyses within the limitations of this study, it appears that in the areas of performing ability and cognitive learning, the chamber music ensemble experience probably was not a significantly effective music instructional format as compared with sectional rehearsal groups working on band parts. The chamber music ensemble, however, does appear to be an effective medium in fostering favorable attitudes toward music and music participation. Although the statistics indicated no significant differences in scores between the experimental groups and the control groups in the areas of performing ability and cognitive learning, the experimental groups in both areas achieved greater gains. With the strong influence of favorably changed attitudes, it is conjectured that given a time period longer than the thirtytwo weeks of this experiment, the chamber music ensemble experience would influence the statistical gains to become significant in the areas of performing ability and cognitive learning.

Woodwind Methods Clarinet Pedagogy Article Summary Sheets Joshua Heaney Citation: Anfinson, Roland E. "A Cinefluorographic Investigation of Selected Clarinet Playing Techniques." Journal of Research in Music Education 17 (1969): 227-239. Article Title: A Cinefluorographic Investigation of Selected Clarinet Playing Techniques Instrument: Clarinet Journal Title: Journal of Research in Music Education Summary: This study was conducted to provide more concrete anatomical information on how the body works when performing certain types of actions on the clarinet o Staccato vs. Legato tonguing o Change in register o Speed of tonguing Subjects played a particular musical excerpt on the instrument (provided in a diagram) Images of the inner anatomy were taken using x-ray machines These images were analyzed and compared and findings concluded: o The primary differences between staccato and legato tonguing were found in tongue height and tongue tip placement in the oral cavity o Differences in dimensions of adjustment showed that for the faster tonguing, the tongue high point remained at about the same height but was further forward in the oral cavity. The back of the tongue was farther forward, the throat opening was larger, and the tongue tip withdrew less and slightly further down the mouthpiece. o For both slurring and tonguing, with the exception of tongue tip movement, adjustments for the lower register were slight or nonexistent. Noticeable adjustments began when playing the notes b-flat or d and continued as the pitch ascended to the highest tone f. The tongue throat opening became larger, the back of the tongue moved forward and down, and the tongue tip window withdrew slightly further back and down for the highest notes.

Woodwind Methods Clarinet Pedagogy Article Summary Sheets Joshua Heaney Citation: Linklater, Fraser. "Effects of Audio and Videotape Models on Performance Achievement of Beginning Clarinetists." Journal of Research in Music Education 45 (1997): 402-414. Article Title: Effects of Audio and Videotape Models on Performance Achievement of Beginning Clarinetists Instrument: Clarinet Journal Title: Journal of Research in Music Education Summary: Investigation of effectiveness of practicing with cassette-tape and video-tape performance models o 146 volunteer fifth and sixth-grade students were used in the experiment o Three testing groups were made Control group Audio-only group Video and audio group o Records in practice times and progress made were kept o Judges evaluate students progress at the end of the testing period o Students with audio-visual performance models performed significantly better than the control group. Members of the audio-only group scored better too, but not as good as the audio-visual group. This experiment makes a strong case for providing models of all types for your students and also how to integrate recordings in the classroom