Memorias de Rondonia

Memrias de Rondnia
Rondnia Memories: Madeira Rivers People and Cultures Mmoires de Rondnia: Peuples et Cultures de la Rivire Madeira
Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Marcelo Moutinho e Erika M. Robrahn-Gonzlez
Memrias de Rondnia
Arte Ensaio Editora Ltda.

Editores / Publishers / Editeurs
Silvana Monteiro de Carvalho Paula Feres Paixo

Projeto Grfico / Design / Projet Graphique
Retina 78
Pesquisa Cientfica / Scientific Research / Recherche Scientifique
Erika M. Robrahn-Gonzlez
Texto / Text / Texte
Marcelo Moutinho Erika M. Robrahn-Gonzlez

Fotografias / Photographs / Photographies
Documento Patrimnio Cultural Acervo Museu Paulista da USP Hlio Nobre Acervo Energia Sustentvel do Brasil Delfim Martins | Pulsar Imagens - Du Zuppani | Pulsar Imagens - Ernesto Reghran | Pulsar Imagens Dorival Moreira | SambaPhoto | iStockphoto
Produo / Production / Productions
Flavia Rossi
Assistente de Produo / Production assistant / assistant de production
Leticia Derosa
Concepo / Conception
Antonio Luiz F. Abreu Jorge

Colaboradores / Collaborators / Colaborateurs
Carolina Wermelinger Bruna Paes

Traduo / Translation / Traduction
Lersch Tradues
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Sonia Cardoso
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Grfica Minister
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Memrias de Rondnia
Tronco de Castanheira
Chestnut tree stem Tronc de Chtaignier
Memrias de Rondnia
Ce livre vient clbrer un Brsil culturellement pluriel et davenir. La conjoncture sociale et politique qui traversele pays e sous lre de la mondialisation, offre lopportunit de rvler un territoire aux multiples facettes qui, toutefois, est toujours largement inconnu et inaccessible beaucoup dentre nous. Aujourdhui, la socit ncessite dtre comptente dans un monde de plus en plus complexe, et les expriences vcues par dautres personnes, dautres cultures et dautres temps contribuent mieux comprendre la diversit humaine et largir nos visions sur le monde. Dans cette perspective, lintgration des connaissances au moyen doutils modernes, non seulement pour rcuprer les traditions du pass, mais, en particulier, pour dvelopper le patrimoine culturel comme un vecteur - de lamlioration de qualit de vie des populations, constitue lun de nos enjeux principaux. Suivre et contribuer ce processus a t lun des missions du consortium Energia Sustentavel do Brasil (ESRB), au cours du dveloppement et de la construction de la centrale Hydrolectrique de Jirau, situe dans la valle de la rivire Madeira, dans ltat de Rondnia. Form par les socits GDF SUEZ, Camargo Corra S.A., Eletrosul Centrais Eltricas S.A. et Chesf, ESBR a, parmi ses objectifs, le dveloppement de nouvelles structures de gestion du patrimoine culturel brsilien, en le grant comme une entit vive et intgre aux socits, en tant quun lment fondamental de la cohsion sociale et de la prservation des cultures. Dans ce processus, sont utilises des moyens qui valorisent les savoirs locaux, en identifiant les vocations culturelles tout en cherchant, la convergence de pratiques et detechnologies, afin dassurer la participation de la socit, dlargir les avantages et les rsultats de ces travaux et de donner une plus grande accessibilit ses informations. Dans ce livre, ESBR vous invite partager les multiples histoires du pass et du prsent dans cette rgion de la rivire Madeira, visant contribuer au renforcement de lhritage culturel de ses peuples - et linsertion de son avenir. VICTOR PARANHOS Directeur-Prsident de lEnergia Sustentvel do Brasil S.A.
This book celebrates Brazils assorted culture and advancement. Its current social and political conjuncture, in the capacity of a development country in the globalization age, offers the opportunity to reveal a comprehensive knowledge territory which is, however, still widely unknown and unattainable for many of us. Nowadays, society needs to be competent, in a world increasingly more complex, and other peoples experiences, other cultures and other ages, contribute to the best knowledge of human diversity as well as the expansion of our vision of world. Thus, knowledge integration by means of stand-of-the-art tools, not only for recovering past traditions, but, specially, for having cultural heritage as a vector and environment improve peoples quality of life, is one of our main challenges. Monitoring and contributing to this process has been one of the privileges of Brazil Sustainable Energy (ESBR) during the design and construction of Jirau Hydropower Plant, at the Madeira river valley, in the State of Rondnia. Made of the companies GDF Suez, Camargo Corra, Eletrosul Centrais Eltricas and Chesf (So Francisco Hydropower Company), ESBRs goals include boosting new structures in the Brazilian cultural heritage management, treating it as something alive and integrated to societies, as a key element to the maintenance of their social cohesion and to culture preservation. This process applies measures praising local knowledge all times, identifying cultural talents and aiming, by means of converging practices and technologies, at ensuring the participation of the society, increasing work benefits and outcomes and providing more accessibility to its information. In this book ESBR invites you to share several stories from the past and present of this region of Madeira river, in contribution to strengthen the cultural heritage of its people and its future insertion as well. VICTOR PARANHOS CEO, Energia Sustentvel do Brasil S.A.
Este livro vem celebrar um Brasil culturalmente plural, e do futuro. A conjuntura social e poltica que atravessa, na qualidade de pas em crescimento na era da globalizao, oferece a oportunidade de revelar um multifacetado territrio de conhecimentos que, todavia, ainda em grande parte desconhecido e inacessvel para muitos de ns. Hoje, a sociedade necessita ser competente, num mundo cada vez mais complexo, e as experincias vividas por outras pessoas, outras culturas e outros tempos contribuem para melhor compreender a diversidade humana e expandir nossas vises de mundo. Nesta perspectiva, a integrao de conhecimentos por meio de modernas ferramentas, no apenas para recuperar tradies do passado, mas, especialmente, para empregar o patrimnio cultural como vetor e ambiente na melhoria da qualidade de vida das populaes, constitui um de nossos principais desafios. Acompanhar e contribuir para este processo tem sido um dos privilgios da Energia Sustentvel do Brasil S.A. (ESBR), durante o desenvolvimento e construo da Usina Hidreltrica Jirau, localizada no vale do rio Madeira, no estado de Rondnia. Formada pelas empresas GDF Suez, Camargo Corra, Eletrosul Centrais Eltricas e Chesf (Companhia Hidreltrica do So Francisco), a ESBR tem, dentre suas metas, a dinamizao de novas estruturas na gesto do patrimnio cultural brasileiro, tratando-o como algo vivo e integrado s sociedades, como elemento fundamental na manuteno de sua coeso social e na preservao das culturas. Neste processo so utilizadas, sempre, medidas que valorizem os saberes locais, identificando as vocaes culturais e buscando, por meio da convergncia de prticas e tecnologias, garantir a participao da sociedade, ampliar os benefcios e resultados dos trabalhos e dar maior acessibilidade a suas informaes. Neste livro a ESBR convida voc a compartilhar as mltiplas histrias do passado e do presente nesta regio do rio Madeira, visando contribuir para o fortalecimento da herana cultural de seus povos e na insero de seu futuro. VICTOR PARANHOS Diretor-Presidente da Energia Sustentvel do Brasil S.A.
Embarcao
6 Vessel Bateau
Memrias de Rondnia
Prefcio 09 Apresentao 13 Paisagens e tradio 19 Modos de vida 41 O homem chega e se estabelece Sociedades agricultoras O perodo histrico A Estrada de Ferro Madeira Mamor Folclore, saberes e mitologia 43 57 77 97 117
P r face
La centrale Hydrolectrique Jirau est en cours de construction depuis Novembre 2008, sur le tronon de la rivire Madeira, qui comprend lun des principaux affluents du bassin nord de lAmazoneSitue dans la ville de Porto Velho, tat de Rondnia, la centrale fait partie du Complexe Hydrolectrique de la Rivire Madeira. Il sagit dun des principaux ouvrages du Plan dAcclration de la Croissance (PAC) propos par le gouvernement fdral. Avec une capacit installe de 3.750 MW, Jirau pourra fournir de llectricit plus de 10 millions de foyers lors desa phase dopration, en tant la plus grande centrale en construction au Brsil. Responsable de la construction, de lentretien, de lexploitation et de la vente de lnergiede la centrale, lentreprise Energia Sustentvel do Brasil S.A. (ESBR) dveloppe 33 programmes qui composent le Projet de Base Environnementale (PBE). Outre le respect de la lgislation brsilienne et des meilleures normes internationales dans le traitement et la protection des communauts locales et des diverses questions conomiques, sociales, culturelles et environnementales impliqus, la EDB vise contribuer en tant que vecteur de dveloppement, en largissant les avantages et les rsultats de leurs Programmes pour soutenir le dveloppement durable et social des populations. Ce contexte inclut galement des recherches telles que celles qui sont menes dans le cadre du Programme du Patrimoine Archologique, Historique et Culturel de Jirau. Ce programme a pour principal objectif le dveloppement dune science applique qui allie la performance des recherches scientifiques la participation des communauts locales, conduisant un traitement intgr des rsultats et tablissant une relation de complmentarit entre la science et la tradition.
P reface
The Jirau Hydropower Plant (Jirau HPP) has been being built since November 2008, in Madeira river segment, which comprises one of the main tributaries of the Amazon basin, in the Brazilian North region. Located in the Municipality of Porto Velho, State of Rondnia, the plant is part of Madeira river Hydropower Complex, and one of the main works of the Federal Governments Plan for Accelerated Growth (PAC). With an installed capacity of 3,750 MW, Jirau HPP will supply more than ten million households in its operational phase, being the largest plant building in Brazil. Responsible for the construction, maintenance, operation and sale of the energy to be generated by the plant, the company Energia Sustentvel do Brasil S.A. (ESBR) has developed 33 programs that integrate the Basic Environmental Project (PBA). Apart from satisfying the Brazilian legislation and the good international practices in the treatment and care of the local communities and the diverse economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects involved, ESBR aims at contributing as a development vector, expanding their programs benefits and results in support of sustainability and social development of populations linked to the enterprise. This context also includes research such as those that are being done as part of the Archaeological, Historical and Cultural Heritage Program of Jirau HPP. This program has as its main guideline the development of an applied science combining the performance of scientific research with symmetrical involvement of local communities, leading to an integrated treatment of the results and establishing a complementary relationship between science and tradition.
Memrias de Rondnia
Prefcio
A Usina Hidreltrica Jirau (UHE Jirau) est sendo construda, desde novembro de 2008, no mdio curso do rio Madeira, que compreende um dos principais afluentes da bacia amaznica, na regio Norte. Localizada no municpio de Porto Velho, estado de Rondnia, a usina integra o Complexo Hidreltrico do rio Madeira e uma das principais obras do Plano de Acelerao do Crescimento (PAC) do Governo Federal. Com potncia instalada de 3.750 MW, a UHE Jirau ser capaz de abastecer mais de dez milhes de residncias em sua fase de operao, sendo a maior usina em edificao no Brasil. Responsvel pela construo, manuteno, operao e venda da energia a ser gerada pela usina, a empresa Energia Sustentvel do Brasil S.A. (ESBR) desenvolve 33 programas que integram o Projeto Bsico Ambiental (PBA). Alm de atender a legislao brasileira e as boas prticas internacionais no tratamento e cuidados junto s comunidades locais e aos diversos aspectos econmicos, sociais, culturais e ambientais envolvidos, a ESBR visa contribuir como vetor de fomento, ampliando os benefcios e resultados de seus Programas em apoio sustentabilidade e ao desenvolvimento social das populaes ligadas ao empreendimento. Este contexto abrange, tambm, pesquisas como as que vm sendo realizadas como parte do Programa do Patrimnio Arqueolgico, Histrico e Cultural da UHE Jirau. Este Programa tem como principal diretriz o desenvolvimento de uma cincia aplicada, que alia a realizao de pesquisas cientficas com o envolvimento simtrico das comunidades locais, levando a um tratamento integrado dos resultados e estabelecendo uma relao de complementaridade entre cincia e tradio.
Memrias de Rondnia
Les travaux dvelopps dans la rgion qui stend du district dAbun jusqu Jaci Paran (extension de la rivire Madeira couverte par Jirau), incluent des enqutes, des fouilles archologiques, des recherches historiques, des inventaires de larchitecture vernaculaire, denregistrement de patrimoine matriel et immatriel dans ce dernier cas, en incluant un cadastre tendu de savoirs, pratiques et connaissances traditionnelles lis lidentit, laction et la mmoire des communauts locales. Plus de deux mille personnes participent ces activits travers des expositions et des ateliers, ou galement travers des entretiens formels et informels, denregistrement de tmoignages et de description de pratiques traditionnelles. Le travail prend galement en charge la promotion dactions inclusives, avec lutilisation de plates-formes multimdias telles que des sites Web, blogs, twitter, skype, des outils de Google Earth et Google Maps, y compris la modlisation de scnarios dans un environnement dArcheo@Parc et dexposition des collections dun Muse virtuel, offrant une plus grande intgration et diffusion des connaissances. Les mesures qui valorisent les connaissances locales sont toujours les plus privilgies, identifiant des vocations culturelles et cherchant le ncessaire quilibre avec le dveloppement humain, environnemental et conomique, travers des actions pour amener ces motifs et dutiliser le patrimoine culturel comme vecteur de lamlioration de la qualit de vie des populations. Le Programme du Patrimoine Archologique, Historique et Culturel de Jirau est une opportunit dinvestir dans une politique de lemplois formels, avec la formation de techniciens et dapprentis par des quipes de scientifiques, de bureau et de laboratoire en vue de contribuer la gestion du patrimoine tudi, sa promotion et la continuit de futures actions dans ce domaine. Le but ultime est de contribuer au renforcement du patrimoine culturel de la communaut. Il sagit, donc, de la prservation de la mmoire des personnes vivant autour de la rivire Madeira. Un hritage, nat du mlange entre les diffrents peuples, comme le Brsil.
The work developed in the stretch extending from the district of Abun up to Jaci Paran (extension of Madeira river covered by Jirau HPP), includes surveys and archeological excavations, historical research, inventories of vernacular architecture, registering of tangible and intangible heritage the latest including extensive database of knowledge, traditional knowledge and practices related to the identity, action and memory of local communities. More than two thousand people are participating in activities, whether through exhibitions and workshops, or formal and informal interviews, recording of testimony and description of traditional practices. The work also supports the promotion of inclusive actions, with the use of multimedia platforms such as websites, blogs, twitter, Skype, tools of Google Earth and Google Maps, including modeling of scenarios in an environment of Archaeology @ the Park and exhibition of collections at the Virtual Museum, offering further integration and dissemination of knowledge. Emphasis is placed, always, measures that enhance the local knowledge, identifying cultural vocations and seeking the necessary balance with human, environmental and economic development, through actions harmonizing these grounds and employ the cultural heritage as a vector for improving the quality of life of the populations. The Program for the Archaeological, Historical and Cultural Heritage of Jirau HPP is also investing in a policy of formal jobs, with the training of technicians and apprentices with the teams of scientists in the field, office and laboratory diligences in order to contribute to the management of the heritage studied and the future promotion and continuity of the actions and their benefits. Thus it has as an ultimate goal of contributing to strengthening the communitys cultural heritage, especially in the appreciation of its diversity. It is, therefore, preserving the memory of the people living around Madeira river. This legacy is the subject of this book and, like Brazil, is born from the mixing between different peoples.
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Memrias de Rondnia
Os trabalhos, desenvolvidos no trecho que se estende do distrito de Abun at Jaci Paran (extenso do rio Madeira abrangida pela UHE Jirau), incluem levantamentos e escavaes arqueolgicas, pesquisas histricas, inventrios de arquitetura vernacular, registro de patrimnio material e imaterial neste ltimo caso, abrangendo amplo cadastro de saberes, prticas e conhecimentos tradicionais ligados identidade, ao e memria das comunidades locais. Mais de duas mil pessoas vm participando das atividades, seja por meio de exposies e oficinas, ou de entrevistas formais e informais, gravao de depoimentos e descrio de prticas tradicionais. O trabalho se apoia ainda na promoo de aes inclusivas, com a utilizao de plataformas multimdia como sites, blogs, twitter, skype, ferramentas de Google Earth e Google Maps, incluindo modelagens de cenrios em ambiente de Arqueo@Parque e exposio de acervos em Museu Virtual, oferecendo maior integrao e divulgao dos conhecimentos. So privilegiadas, sempre, medidas que valorizem os saberes locais, identificando vocaes culturais e buscando o necessrio equilbrio com o desenvolvimento humano, ambiental e econmico, atravs de aes que harmonizem estes fundamentos e empregue o patrimnio cultural como vetor para a melhoria na qualidade de vida das populaes. O Programa do Patrimnio Arqueolgico, Histrico e Cultural da UHE Jirau investe, ainda, em uma poltica de empregos formais, com a capacitao de tcnicos e aprendizes junto s equipes de cientistas nas diligncias de campo, gabinete e laboratrio, visando contribuir para a gesto do patrimnio estudado e a promoo e continuidade futura das aes e de seus benefcios. Tem, assim, como meta final, contribuir para o fortalecimento da herana cultural da comunidade, em especial, na valorizao de sua diversidade. Trata-se, portanto, da preservao da memria das populaes do entorno do rio Madeira. Um legado que o tema deste livro e que, assim como o Brasil, nasce da mistura entre diferentes povos.
Memrias de Rondnia
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P r sentation
Le paysage est form par la morphologie de la rgion, par leurs caractristiques topographiques, hydrographiques et par la vgtation. Mais il est form, galement, par dessons, de textures et des couleurs. En outre, les paysages reoivent des valorisations, des symbologies, des et significations issus de la structuration des relations humaines.Ils se chargent de l ensemble dattitudes et de mythologies produites par lhomme. Les paysages sont desbiens dune valeur inestimable pour les gens parce quils fondent leurs vies. Ainsi, lhistoire de la rivire Madeira nest pas seulement compose par sa matrialit, ces constructions et son environnement, mais, surtout, de ces populations. Toute leffervescence entourant la rgion est produite par une gamma de figures, de personnes, qui crent et transforment, incessantement, son quotidien. Cest la prservation de cette mmoire de la rivire Madeira, et des lments dfinis par lUNESCO (Organisation des Nations Unies pour lducation, la Science et la Culture) dans le cadre de la gestion du patrimoine culturel que ce livre est cre. Plus que seulement des souvenirs du pass, le patrimoine culturel cest llment central qui assure le maintien des communauts au fil du temps, transmettant de gnration en gnration, les principes fondamentaux de leur culture. Cest ce qui nous permet dapprendre qui nous sommes, comment nous sommes devenus ce que nous sommes et o allons-nous.
P resentation
The landscape is formed by the morphology of the area, by its topographic and hydrographic features and vegetation. But it is formed also by their sounds, their textures and colors. In addition, the landscapes are given valuations, symbols, meanings in the structuring of the human relationships, carry sets of attitudes and mythologies. The landscapes are goods invaluable to the people for being the basis of their lives. Thus, also Madeira river history is not composed only by its materiality, its buildings and environments, but especially by their populations. All the excitement surrounding the region is produced by a range of figures, personas that incessantly create and transform their daily lives. And the preservation of Madeira river memory, or even of the combination of elements set by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as part of their cultural heritage, is the goal of the present book. More than just past memories, our cultural heritage is the central element that ensures the communities maintenance over time, passing from generation to generation, the fundamental principles of their culture. It is what helps us learn who we are, how we became who we are and where we go.
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Memrias de Rondnia
Apresentao
A paisagem formada pela morfologia do espao, pelas suas caractersticas topogrficas, hidrogrficas e de vegetao. Mas formada, tambm, por seus sons, suas texturas e cores. Alm disso, as paisagens recebem valoraes, simbologias, significaes na estruturao das relaes humanas, carregam conjuntos de mentalidades, mitologias. As paisagens so bens de valor inestimvel aos povos por estarem na base de suas vidas. Assim, tambm a histria do rio Madeira no composta apenas de sua materialidade, de suas construes e ambientes, mas, sobretudo, de suas populaes. Toda efervescncia que rodeia a regio produzida por uma gama de figuras, de personas , que criam e transformam, incessantemente, o seu cotidiano. E a preservao desta memria do rio Madeira, ou ainda, do conjunto de elementos definidos pela Unesco (Organizao das Naes Unidas para a Educao, a Cincia e a Cultura) como integrantes de seu patrimnio cultural, o objetivo do presente livro. Mais do que apenas lembranas do passado, o patrimnio cultural o elemento central que garante a manuteno das comunidades ao longo do tempo, transmitindo, de gerao em gerao, os princpios fundamentais de sua cultura. o que nos ajuda a aprender quem somos, como nos tornamos o que somos e para onde vamos.
Memrias de Rondnia
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Le fleuve Madeira a beaucoup dhistoires raconter: il y a au moins 14.000 annes cette rivire, qui occupe une position stratgique travers la navigation dans le cur du bassin de lAmazone. Riche en ressources naturelles, il a attir diffrentes socits humaines qui y interagissent grce leurs connaissances, ou mme, de sa sagesse environnementale Au fil du temps, les socits se sont dveloppes, vivant, sadaptant et contribuant la dynamique du paysage qui en rsulte. aujourdhui. Ainsi, on cherche prserver, rintgrer, rcuprer et promouvoir les diffrents lments qui composent lhistoire et la culture de la rgion. Ce livre a pour but ultime, de contribuer ce patrimoine culturel et de rapprocher de la socit. Ce dernier doit devenir un vecteur de bien-tre et durabilit pour la socit. Nous vous invitons naviguer dans les eaux de ces connaissances avec nous, afin que vous puissiez profiter au cours des pages qui suivent,d un portrait de la mmoire du vieux Madeira.
And river Madeira has many stories to tell: at least 14,000 years ago this river, strategically positioned for navigation in the heart of the Amazon Basin, and rich in natural resources attracted different human societies that interacted there through their knowledge, or even, from their environmental wisdom. Over time, they developed there, living, adapting and contributing to the dynamics of a landscape resulting in what today we have as an environmental setting. Thus, it is here one seeks to preserve, reinstate, restore and promote the various elements that make up the region history and culture. The book has as ultimate goal to contribute so that the cultural heritage gets even closer to the society from which it originates and to which it must return, as a vector of well-being and sustainability. We invite you the reader to navigate through this knowledge waters with us, so you can enjoy over the pages that follow, the old Madeira memory portrait.
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Memrias de Rondnia
E o rio Madeira tem muitas histrias para contar: h pelo menos 14 mil anos este rio, estrategicamente posicionado para navegao no corao da bacia amaznica e rico em recursos naturais, atraiu diferentes sociedades humanas que ali interagiram atravs de seu conhecimento, ou ainda, de sua sabedoria ambiental. Ao longo do tempo, ali se desenvolveram, vivendo, se adaptando e contribuindo para a dinmica de uma paisagem que resulta no que, hoje, temos como cenrio ambiental. Assim, busca-se, aqui, preservar, reintegrar, recuperar e promover os diversos elementos que compem a histria e a cultura da regio. O livro tem, como meta final, contribuir para que o patrimnio cultural adquira ainda maior proximidade com a sociedade da qual provm e para a qual deve retornar, como vetor de bem-estar e sustentabilidade. Convidamos o leitor a navegar conosco pelas guas destes conhecimentos, para que possa apreciar, ao longo das pginas que se seguem, um retrato da memria do velho Madeira.
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Travesses rochosos no rio Madeira

Rocky trasverse in Madeira river Banc rocheux dans la rivire Madeira
Paisagens
PAYSAGES ET TRADITION L andscapes and tradition
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Memrias de Rondnia
Arapari
Arapari Arapari
e tradio
Memrias de Rondnia
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PAYSAGES ET TRADITION
La rivire Madeira nat dans la Cordillre des Andes, entre les territoires de la Bolivie et du Prou. Elle prend source en grande partie des eaux du dgel de la Cordillre, ce qui lui assure une prennit importante parmi les fleuves du bassin amazonien. Cela constitue certainement, hier et aujourdhui, un facteur dcisif pour loccupation humaine. Son nom fait allusion la rcurrente inondation des berges dans les priodes de pluie, lorsque les eaux boueuses sapent les bancs de sable et transportent des troncs entiers darbres. Sur le ct Est de la haute chane de montagnes, la rivire Madeira est alimente par des affluents, configurant un systme compos principalement de quatre fleuves: le Beni, le Mamor, le Madre de Dios et le Guapor. De la ville bolivienne de Villa Bella jusquau district dAbun, dj dans Rondnia, la rivire Madeira sert de ligne de dmarcation entre la Bolivie et le Brsil. Dans ce tronon deux villes avec un nom similaire se situent: Guayaramern, du ct bolivien, et Guajar-Mirim, territoire brsilien. Guajar-Mirim, dans la Tupi signifie une petite chute deau. A partir de l, en aval et jusqu prs de la ville de Porto Velho, par un tronon denviron 200 km, la rivire Madeira prsente une srie de chutes deau qui ont jou des significations diffrentes pour loccupation humaine, comme on le verra tout au long du texte.
L andscapes and tradition

Madeira - in portuguese, means Wood - river comes from the Andes, between the territories of Bolvia and Peru. It is served in large part by their melt water, which assures an important continuity among the major rivers of the Amazon basin, which certainly was yesterday and today, the decisive factor for human occupation. Its name alludes to the recurring banks flooding during the rainy season when the muddy waters undermine the sandy banks and carry whole trunks of their trees. Down the eastern side of the high mountain range, Madeira river is fed by tributaries configuring a system made mainly of four rivers: the Beni, the Mamor, Madre de Dios and the Guapor. From the Bolivian city Villa Bella to the Abun district, in Rondnia, Madeira river is a border line between Bolvia and Brazil. Its route includes two cities with similar names: Guayaramern, on the Bolivian side, and Guajar-Mirim, in Brazil. Guajar-Mirim means small waterfall in Tupi, an Indian language. From this point, down the river and up to the city of Porto Velho, around 200 km away, Madeira river provides a sequence of waterfalls influencing the human occupation in different levels, as detailed throughout the text.
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Memrias de Rondnia
Paisagens e tradio
O rio Madeira nasce na Cordilheira dos Andes, entre os territrios boliviano e peruano. servido, em boa parte, por guas de seu degelo, o que lhe garante uma perenidade importante dentre os rios da bacia amaznica, o que certamente constituiu, ontem e hoje, fator decisivo para a ocupao humana. Seu nome faz aluso recorrente inundao das margens nos perodos de chuva, quando as guas barrentas solapam os barrancos arenosos e carregam troncos inteiros de suas rvores. Descendo pelo costado oriental da alta cordilheira, o rio Madeira se alimenta de afluentes configurando um sistema composto, sobretudo, por quatro rios: o Beni, o Mamor, o Madre de Dios e o Guapor. Da cidade boliviana de Villa Bella at o distrito de Abun, j em Rondnia, o Madeira serve de linha divisria entre a Bolvia e o Brasil. Nesse trecho esto duas cidades de nomes semelhantes: Guayaramern, do lado boliviano, e Guajar-Mirim, no territrio brasileiro. Guajar-Mirim, em Tupi, significa cachoeira pequena. Deste ponto em diante, rio abaixo e at prximo cidade de Porto Velho, por trecho de cerca de 200 km, o rio Madeira apresenta uma sequncia de cachoeiras que desempenharam diferentes significados para a ocupao humana, conforme ser mostrado ao longo do texto.
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Cachoeira do Jirau
Jirau Waterfall Cascade de Jirau
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Memrias de Rondnia
Memrias de Rondnia
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Mariposa
Mariposa Papillon de nuit
Flores da Mata
Rainforest flowers Fleurs de la fort
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Memrias de Rondnia
Seu nome faz aluso recorrente inundao das margens nos perodos de chuva
Son nom fait allusion la rcurrente inondation des marges dans les priodes de pluie Its name alludes to the recurring flooding of the banks during the rainy season
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Samama
Samama Samama
Ds la dernire chute deau, prs de la ville de Porto Velho, la rivire Madeira traverse le nord de ltat de Rondnia et les terres de ltat de lAmazonie et se jette, finalement, dans le fleuve Amazone, prs de lle de Tupinambarana. Ainsi, depuis les sources jusqu lembouchure, on compte 1.450 km. De part sa position privilgie pour la navigation et ses richesses en ressources naturelles, la rivire a t fondamentale pour le dveloppement des rgions quelle parcourt. Sur ses rives, on retrouve des traces lies diffrentes occupations humaines qui sy sont installs depuis au moins 14.000 annes: des sites archologiques, des ruines historiques, des btiments contemporains, des milieux anthropiques et, aussi, des souvenirs et des traditions de ceux qui ont vcu et y vivent.
From the last waterfall, near the city of Porto Velho, Madeira traverses the north of the state of Rondnia, crosses Amazonas state land and flows eventually into the Amazon River, near the island of Tupinambarana. Thus from the source up to the mouth it travels a total length of 1450 km. By the privileged position for navigation and for being rich in natural resources, the river has been key to the development of the regions that it crosses. On its banks are gathered together traces relating to different human occupations who have settled there since at least 14,000 years ago: archaeological sites, historic ruins, contemporary buildings, anthropogenic environments and also memories and traditions of those who lived and live there.
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Margens do Rio Madeira

Madeira margins Marges du Madeira
Da ltima cachoeira, prximo cidade de Porto Velho, o Madeira percorre o norte do estado de Rondnia, atravessa terras do estado amazonense e desemboca, por fim, no rio Amazonas, prximo ilha de Tupinambarana. Assim, desde a nascente at a foz percorre uma extenso de 1.450 km. Pela posio privilegiada para a navegao e por ser rico em recursos naturais, o rio tem sido fundamental para o desenvolvimento das regies que atravessa. Em suas margens, rene vestgios relacionados s diversas ocupaes humanas que ali se estabeleceram, desde pelo menos 14 mil anos: stios arqueolgicos, runas histricas, edificaes contemporneas, ambientes antropizados e, tambm, memrias e tradies de quem viveu e vive ali.
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Pela posio privilegiada para a navegao e por ser rico em recursos naturais
Pour la position privilgie pour la navigation et dtre riche en ressources naturelles By the privileged position for navigation and for being rich in natural resources
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Memrias de Rondnia
Rio Madeira, imensido de guas

Madeira river, water ocean Rivire Madeira, limmensit des eaux
Espelho dgua
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27 Water mirror Miroir deau
Margem do rio Madeira

28 marginsPovos e Culturas do Rio Madeira Madeira Marges du Madeira
Memrias de Rondnia
Flor da mata
Memrias de Rondnia
Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira Rainforest
29 flower Fleur de la fort
Cip Cachi
Cachi liana Liane Cachi
Lenvironnement physique lui-mme de la la rivire Madeira daujourdhui est le rsultat du pass. En parallle, aux constants processus de transformation naturelle stant produits, les diffrentes stratgies de gestion dveloppes par des personnes au cours des millnaires, elles ont laiss sur le paysage leurs signatures anthropiques, rsultant dun tout unique, indivisible et en constante volution. Comme une sorte demblme de la rgion, la rivire Madeira guide, ainsi, le quotidien des communauts ctires, soit comme moyen de dplacement, soit comme une source inpuisable de ressources conomiques, ou mme comme un vecteur de dimensions symboliques de vie et de transformation.
The physical environment presented by Madeira river today results from this past. In parallel to the constant process of natural transformation occurred there, the different management strategies developed by the populations over millennia, have left their anthropogenic signatures in landscape, resulting in a single whole, indivisible set and in constant evolution. Madeira river guides as a kind of emblem of the region, so that the daily life of its coastal communities, whether as a means of displacement, or as an inexhaustible source of economic resources, or even as a vector of symbolic dimensions of life and transformation.
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Memrias de Rondnia
Bancos de areia nas margens do rio Madeira

Sand benches at the margins of Madeira river Bancs de sable sur les marges de la rivire Madeira
O prprio ambiente fsico que o rio Madeira apresenta hoje resultado deste passado. Em paralelo aos constantes processos de transformao natural ali ocorridos, as diferentes estratgias de manejo desenvolvidas pelas populaes, ao longo de milnios, deixaram na paisagem suas assinaturas antrpicas, o que resulta em um conjunto nico, indissocivel e em perptua evoluo. Como uma espcie de emblema da regio, o rio Madeira norteia, assim, o cotidiano de suas populaes ribeirinhas, seja como via de deslocamento, seja como fonte inesgotvel de recursos econmicos ou, ainda, como vetor de dimenses simblicas de vida e transformao.
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Atracao
Mooring Amarrage
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Memrias de Rondnia
Bancos de areia no rio Madeira

Sand benches at the margins of Madeira river Bancs de sable sur les marges de la rivire Madeira
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O rio tem sido fundamental para o desenvolvimento das regies que atravessa.
La rivire a t fondamental pour le dveloppement des rgions qui traverse. The river has been central to the development of the regions that it crosses.
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Memrias de Rondnia
Flor do jambeiro
Jambeiro flower Fleur du Jambeiro
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Amanhecer no rio Madeira

Madeira river dawn Lever de soleil dans la rivire Madeira
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Apu-cip
38 Apu-cip Apu-cip
Memrias de Rondnia
Travesses rochosos, rio Madeira

Travessia
Crossing Traverse
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Travesses rochosos no rio Madeira

Modos
MOYENS DE SUBSISTANCE WAYS OF LIFE
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Arapari
Arapari Arapari
de vida
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L homme arrive et s installe

Le dbut de loccupation humaine en Amazonie a commenc il y a au moins 14.000 ans entre la fin du Plistocne au dbut de lHolocne. Cette date peut tre mme plus lointaine et atteindre environ 20.000 ans, comme lindique lesenqutes menes sur le cours suprieur de la rivire Madeira. Pendant cette priode, les conditions climatiques de la plante ont subi des changements majeurs, en alternance entre les saisons sches et les saisons humides. Peu peu, le climat et la vgtation, y compris la fort amazonienne se sont stabiliss en obtenant les caractristiques actuelles. Les premiers occupants de ces terres en transformation ont t des groupes qui vivaient de la chasse, de la pche et de la cueillette. Selon toute vraisemblance, ils sy seraient organiss par petits groupes, certainement composs de quelques familles avec une grande mobilit spatiale et un territoire imprcis.
M an arrival and settlement

The beginning of human occupation in the Amazon took at least 14,000 years between the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. This date may be even older, reaching about 20,000 years, as indicated by surveys conducted in the upper reaches of Madeira river. During this period, the planet weather conditions undergone major changes, alternating between dry seasons and wet seasons. Gradually, the climate and vegetation, including the Amazon rainforest, stabilized and acquired their current features. The first occupants of these lands in transformation were groups living by hunting, fishing and gathering. By all indications, they would be organized into small bands, and certainly made up of some families, which had large spatial mobility and territory unclearly marked.
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Memrias de Rondnia
O homem chega e se estabelece

O incio da ocupao humana na Amaznia se deu h pelo menos 14 mil anos, entre o final do Pleistoceno e o comeo do Holoceno. Esta data pode ser ainda mais antiga, alcanando cerca de 20 mil anos, como indicam pesquisas realizadas no alto curso do rio Madeira. Neste perodo, as condies climticas do planeta passaram por grandes mudanas, alternando estaes secas e estaes midas. De forma gradual, o clima e as formaes vegetais, incluindo a floresta amaznica, foram se estabilizando e adquirindo as feies atuais. Os primeiros ocupantes destas terras em transformao foram grupos que viviam da caa, pesca e coleta. Ao que tudo indica, estariam organizados em pequenos bandos, decerto compostos por algumas famlias, as quais tinham grande mobilidade espacial e um territrio imprecisamente marcado.
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Pr-do-sol no Rio Madeira, Porto Velho, Rondnia

Sunset at Madeira River - Porto Velho, State of Rondonia Coucher du soleil Rio Madeira - Porto Velho - tat de Rondnia
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Memrias de Rondnia
Memrias de Rondnia
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Escavao arqueolgica
Archeologic excavation Fouilles archeologiques
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Memrias de Rondnia
Os primeiros ocupantes destas terras em transformao foram grupos que viviam da caa, pesca e coleta
Les premiers occupants de ces terres en transformation ont t des groupes qui vivaient de la chasse, la pche et la cueillette The first occupants of these lands in transformation were groups that lived by hunting, fishing and gathering
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Escavao arqueolgica
Nomades, ils ont laiss des traces phmres, comme des restes de la taille de pierre et des brasiers parses. On compte aujourdhu quelques sites archologiques enregistrs. Souvent, leurs traces se limite des belles pointes de projectiles en silex et calcdoine, rassembles par des dragues minires dans le fond de la rivire ou dans les hauts prcipices La prennit des eaux de la rivire Madeira a certainement t un facteur important pour ces premiers colons. Tout au long de son cours, les nombreuses collines et les zones humides constituent un habitat convenable pour lhbergement des socits humaines. La dynamique intense de flux de la rivire a enterr beaucoup de ces sites de grandes profondeurs travers le temps. Cela exige des mthodes prcises et dtailles pour la recherche archologique.
Nomads, they left fleeting traces, such as the remains of stone chipping and scattered bonfires, counting today, with few registered archaeological sites. Often, their remains are restricted to beautiful projectile points in flint and chalcedony, collected by mining dredges on the river bottom or in the high ravines along the shores. The durability of the waters of Madeira river was certainly an important factor for these first settlers. Throughout its course, the large number of hills, ravines and wetlands constitute suitable habitat for the accommodation of human societies. The intense dynamic ebbs and flows of the river does, however, cause many of these sites to be buried at great depths, requiring specific and detailed methods of archaeological research.
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Memrias de Rondnia
Nmades, eles deixaram vestgios fugazes, como restos de lascamento da pedra e fogueiras esparsas, contando-se, atualmente, com poucos stios arqueolgicos cadastrados. Muitas vezes, suas pistas se restringem a belas pontas de projteis em slex e calcednia, recolhidas por dragas de garimpo no fundo do rio ou nas altas barrancas de suas margens. A perenidade das guas do rio Madeira certamente constituiu fator importante para estes primeiros ocupantes. Ao longo de seu curso, o grande nmero de serras, barrancos e vrzeas formam hbitats propcios ao alojamento de sociedades humanas. A intensa dinmica de cheias e vazantes do rio faz, todavia, que muitos destes stios se encontrem enterrados em grandes profundidades, exigindo mtodos especficos e detalhados de pesquisa arqueolgica.
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Nmades, deixaram vestgios fugazes como restos de lascamento da pedra

Nomades, ils ont laiss des traces phmres, comme les restes de la taille de la pierre Nomads, they left fleeting traces, such as the remains of stone chipping
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Memrias de Rondnia
Escavao arqueolgica
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Escavao arqueolgica
Au cours des millnaires, les habitants se sont disperss dans toute la rgion, en senracinant. Ils auraient t galement les responsables des premiers changements dans lenvironnement, relatives au maniement despces forestires et dexprimentations de culture, depuis au moins huit mille ans. Ce long processus de modification gntique a t ncessaire pour la domestication complte des plantes, ce qui a conduit au dveloppement de socits agricoles et de haute densit de population, comme aujourdhui.
Over the millennia, the sparse populations eventually spread throughout the region, creating roots. And they would have been also responsible for the first changes in the environment for the management of forest species preferred and experimental cultivation, for at least eight thousand years. This long process of genetic change was necessary for the full domestication of plants, which led to the emergence of intensively agricultural societies and of high population density, like today.
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Memrias de Rondnia
Ao longo dos milnios, os esparsos habitantes acabaram se espalhando por toda a regio, criando razes. E eles teriam sido, ainda, os responsveis pelas primeiras alteraes no meio ambiente, relativas ao manejo de espcies florestais preferidas e experimentaes de cultivo, desde ao menos oito mil anos. Este longo processo de alteraes genticas foi necessrio para a plena domesticao das plantas, o que levou ao surgimento de sociedades intensivamente agricultoras e de alta densidade populacional, como as de hoje.
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S oci t s agricoles
Il y a au moins trois mille annes la zone doccupation humaine de la rivire Madeira a subi de profonds changements. La rgion est passe dune occupation par des groupes indignes essentiellement agriculteurs par des groupes indignes plus sdentaire avec des, villages de plus en plus grands et stables. Ces groupes prparaient des objets en cramique. La plupart des objets taient ddis pour la cuisson et le stockage de leau et de la nourriture. On y trouvait aussi de grandes urnes funraires, avec de riche dcoration en peinture et dune varit de tailles. Elles taient utilises dans la pratique denterrements primaire et secondaire (dans ce dernier cas, y compris la ralisation dun second crmonial funraire, exclusif pour les os). Les tudes dans les sites archologiques de Jirau indiquent la prsence d au moins, trois groupes cramistes distincts qui se sont dvelopps dans la rgion du fleuve Madeira moyen, au fil du temps. Cette distinction est reprsente par les motifs dcoratifs: une cramique peinte avec des dcoration etdautres non dcore. Les fouilles ont fourni, galement, une grande quantit dobjets en pierre polie, notamment des lames de hache de diffrentes tailles et formats. Ces morceaux renforcent lhypothse de lexistence de vastes espaces ouverts dans la fort des fins agricoles ou pour la construction de grands villages. Ces activits constituent de nouvelles formes de maniement et transformation de lenvironnement physique rgional.
A gricultural societies
At least three thousand years ago, the human occupation scene of Madeira river underwent deep changes. The region that began to be occupied by indigenous groups, essentially farmers see, little by little, their villages became larger and more stable. These groups made ceramic artifacts, mostly vessels for cooking and storing water and food - and also large funeral urns, with rich painted decoration and variety of sizes, used in the practice of primary and secondary burials (in this case, including the holding of a second funeral ritual, exclusive to the bones). Studies in archaeological sites surveyed in the Jirau HPP indicate the presence of at least three distinct ceramic groups that developed in the middle Madeira river region over the time. This distinction is represented by the decorative motifs, painted pottery, with decorated and undecorated plastic. The excavations have also provided a great amount of polished stone artifacts, with emphasis on ax blades in different sizes and formats. These pieces reinforce the hypothesis of extensive open areas in the forest for agricultural use or for construction of large villages, interventions that provide new ways of regional physical environment handling and processing.
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Memrias de Rondnia
Sociedades agricultoras
H pelo menos trs mil anos o cenrio de ocupao humana do rio Madeira sofre profundas transformaes. A regio que passa a ser ocupada por grupos indgenas essencialmente agricultores v, aos poucos, suas aldeias se tornarem maiores e mais estveis. Estes grupos confeccionavam artefatos cermicos, sobretudo vasilhas para cozinhar e armazenar gua e alimentos e tambm grandes urnas funerrias, com rica decorao pintada e variedade de tamanhos, utilizadas na prtica de sepultamentos primrio e secundrio (nesse ltimo caso, incluindo a realizao de um segundo ritual funerrio, exclusivo para os ossos). Os estudos nos stios arqueolgicos pesquisados na UHE Jirau indicam a presena de, ao menos, trs grupos ceramistas distintos que se desenvolveram na regio do mdio rio Madeira, ao longo do tempo. Esta distino representada pelos motivos decorativos: cermica pintada, com decorao plstica e no decorada. As escavaes tm fornecido, ainda, grande quantidade de artefatos em pedra polida, com destaque para lminas de machado em diferentes tamanhos e formatos. Estas peas reforam a hiptese de extensas reas abertas na floresta para uso agrcola ou para construo das grandes aldeias, intervenes que constituem novas formas de manejo e transformao do ambiente fsico regional.
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Figura rupestre
Geometric figure Figure gomtrique
Figura rupestre
56 Geometric figurePovos e Culturas do Rio Madeira Figure gomtrique
Memrias de Rondnia
H pelo menos trs mil anos o cenrio de ocupao humana do rio Madeira sofre profundas transformaes
Il y a au moins trois mille annes la scne de loccupation humaine de la rivire Madeira subit de profonds changements At least three thousand years ago the scene of human occupation of the Madeira river underwent profound changes.
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Decorao plstica - linhas curvas, retas e pontos formando motivos

Plastic decoration curve and straight lines and dots forming geometric motives Dcoration plastique - des lignes courbes, droites et des points formant des motifs gomtriques
Les sites archologiques dart rupestre identifis dans la rgion de Jirau, plus spcifiquement dans les zones rocheuses et proche des nombreuses chutes deau. mritent aussi notre attention. Sur ces sites, des figures gomtriques sont identifies (lignes droites, lignes ondules, cercles, spirales, points dans diverses combinaisons), on y dcouvre galement aussi des figures zoomorphes et anthropomorphes (ainsi que des masques styliss. Bien quil soit difficile dtablir une chronologie pour ces gravures (qui se rapportent certains contextes archologiques de loccupation de la rivire Madeira), certains indices indiquent la prsence des groupes cramistes des agriculteurs. Il sagit de dessins gravs sur la pierre, similaires ou identiques aux figures dcoratives trouves sur les pots en cramique. Quelques-uns des ces dessins gravs auraient t faits par les groupes cramistes qui ont occup les rives du Madeira au cours des derniers millnaires. Certains de ces groupes humaines se sont dvelopps dans cette rgion jusquau XVIIe sicle. Ces derniers sont mme entrs en contact avec les premiers colons europens arrivs. Cest le dbut dune nouvelle phase de peuplement de cette rgion.
The archaeological sites with rock art identified in the vicinity of the Jirau HPP, more specifically on rocky outcrops of its many waterfalls are another highlight. The mostly present geometric figures (straight lines, wavy lines, circles, spirals, dots in various combinations) and there are zoomorphic figures (animal forms) and anthropomorphic (human form), and stylized masks. Despite of the difficulty to set a chronology for these pictures (and, thus, relate their authorship to some of the archaeological contexts of occupation of Madeira river), some evidence points to the agricultural ceramic groups. The most consistent refer to the motifs etched in stone, many similar or identical to the decorative figures found in the ceramic pots. Thus, at least some of the pictures carved into Madeira river rapids would have been made by potter groups who occupied its shores over the past millennia, some of which persisted until the seventeenth century and coming into contact with the first European settlers who arrived there, starting a new phase of regional settlement.
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Reconstituio parcial de vasilhame cermico

Partial reconstitution of ceramic vase Reconstitution partielle de vaisselle en cramique
Merecem destaque, tambm, os stios arqueolgicos com arte rupestre identificados na regio da UHE Jirau, mais especificamente nos afloramentos rochosos de suas diversas cachoeiras. Apresentam, na maior parte, figuras geomtricas (linhas retas, linhas onduladas, crculos, espirais, pontos em diversas combinaes), havendo ainda figuras zoomorfas (formas de animais) e antropomorfas (formas humanas), alm de mscaras estilizadas. Embora seja difcil estabelecer uma cronologia para estas gravuras (e, com isto, relacionar sua autoria a algum dos contextos arqueolgicos de ocupao do rio Madeira), alguns indcios apontam para os grupos ceramistas agricultores. O mais consistente se refere aos motivos gravados nas pedras, muitos deles similares ou idnticos s figuras decorativas encontradas nas vasilhas cermicas. Assim, ao menos parte das gravuras talhadas nas cachoeiras do rio Madeira teria sido feita pelos grupos ceramistas que ocuparam as suas margens nos ltimos milnios, alguns deles persistindo at o sculo XVII e entrando em contato com os primeiros colonizadores europeus que ali chegaram, iniciando uma nova fase do povoamento regional.
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Estes grupos confeccionavam artefatos cermicos, sobretudo vasilhas

Ces groupes prparaient des objets de cramique, la plupart des navires These groups made ceramic artifacts, mostly vessels
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Vasilhas cermicas pintadas em fase de escavao, a 1,5 metros de profundidade

Ceramic vases painted in excavation phase, 1.5 meters deep Vaisselle en cramique peinte ltape de fouille, 1,5 mtres de profondeur
Estrutura de vasilhas cermicas pintadas

Ceramic vases structure painted Structure de vaisselles cramique peintes
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Tigela cermica pintada em rea de escavao

Ceramic bowl painted in excavation area Vase en cramique peint sur zone de fouille
Lampleur de ces tablissements a certainement intensifi le contact avec dautres groupes indignes voisins, une situation particulirement privilgie par la localisation de la rivire Madeira, enfonce entre des rgions gographiques et des cultures trs diffrentes: au nord, la rgion amazonienne, au sud et louest, la zone sub-andine; et lest, le plateau central brsilien. Il est presque certain que ce contexte a conduit une grande complexit et diversit culturelle, un facteur qui persiste ce jour. Parmi les populations indignes aujourdhui prsentes sur le tronon moyen du Madeira se dtachent les Moxos, du ct bolivien, et les Wari, les Parintins, les Karitiana, les Kaxarari et les Karipuna, du ct brsilien.
The scale of these settlements certainly intensified contact with other neighboring indigenous groups, a particularly privileged situation by their own location on Madeira river, wedged between very different geographical and cultural regions: in the north, the Amazon region, south and west, the sub-Andean area, and east, the Brazilian central plateau. It is almost certain that this context has led to a high complexity and cultural diversity, a factor that persists to this day. Among the indigenous people present today in the area of middle Madeira are highlighted the Moxos on the Bolivian side, and the WarI, the Parintins, the Karitiana, the Kaxarari and the Karipuna on the Brazilian side.
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Figura rupestre
A amplitude destes assentamentos decerto intensificou o contato com outros grupos indgenas vizinhos, situao particularmente privilegiada pela prpria localizao do rio Madeira, encravado entre regies geogrficas e culturais bastante distintas: ao norte, a regio amaznica; ao sul e oeste, a rea subandina; e a leste, o planalto central brasileiro. quase certo que deste contexto tenha resultado uma grande complexidade e diversidade cultural, fator que persiste at os dias atuais. Dentre os povos indgenas hoje presentes na rea do mdio Madeira destacam-se os Moxos, no lado boliviano, e os Wari, os Parintins, os Karitiana, os Kaxarari e os Karipuna, no lado brasileiro.
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Lmina de machado polida retirada das escavaes

Polish ax blade taken from excavations Lame dhache polie retire de fouilles
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Memrias de Rondnia
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Borda de vasilha cermica decorada

Ceramic vase border decorated Bordure de la vaisselle en cramique dcore
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Evidenciao e retirada de vasilhas cermicas

Evidence and removal of ceramic vases Mise en vidence et enlvement de vaisselles en cramique
Evidenciao de vasilha cermica inteira, Ilha do Padre

67 Evidence of wholedo ceramic vase, Ilha do Padre Povos e Culturas Rio Madeira Mise en vidence de vaisselle cramique entire, Ilha do Padre
Memrias de Rondnia
Vasilha com tampa

Recipient with tap Vaisselle avec couvercle
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Vasilhame com pinturas geomtricas em vermelho sobre fundo branco, encontrado em estrutura funerria (parte inferior)
Vase with geometric paintings in red over white background, found in mortuary structure (lower portion) Vaisselle contenant des peintures gomtriques en rouge sur fond blanc, trouv dans une structure funraire (partie infrieure)
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Figura rupestre
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Identificao de figuras rupestres nos lajedos que margeiam o rio Madeira

72 Identification of rock art on the bordering Madeira river Povos e Culturas do flooring Rio Madeira Identification des figures rupestres sur la dalle rocheuse bordant la rivire Madeira
Memrias de Rondnia
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L a p riode historique
Avec le dbut de loccupation coloniale et larrive ultrieure des missions catholiques, les indignes ont vu arriver de nouvelles populations dans leur rgion.. Les Jsuites ont essay dunifier les diffrents villages travers le processus dendoctrinement des indignes. Ces derniers ont men des recherches sur lexploitation conomique dans la rgion. Ces activits se sont dveloppes entre 1669 1672 et elles ont arrt lors de lexpulsiondes religieux des Amriques au dbut du XVIIIe sicle. La priode suivant a t relativement calme. En 1732, lEmpire Portugais, inquiet de par la contrebande dor extrait de la rivire Cuiaba a interdit la navigation par la rivire Madeira cette interdiction a dur jusqu la cration des capitaineries du Mato Grosso et du Rio Negro en 1748. La rivire Madeira a, donc,intgr le circuit nautique qui commenait Vila Bela da Santssima Trindade poste de dfense de la frontire ouest de lAmrique Portugaise devant loccupation hispanique. Depuis, son utilisation comme voie historique de transport a t dveloppe, mais lexistence de tronons non navigables forms par la squence de chutes deau entre Guajar-Mirim et Porto Velho a toujours t une difficult pour relier la rgion de Belm, dans le Par.
T he historical period
With the onset of colonial occupation and the subsequent arrival of the Catholic missions, the Indians gained company. In the process of indoctrination of the natives, the Jesuits tried to unify the different villages and conducted research on economic exploitation in the area. These activities started between 1669 and 1672 and stopped when the religious were expelled from the Americas in the early eighteenth century. The next period would be relatively calm. In 1732, the Portuguese Empire, worried about the possibility of the gold mined in the Cuiab river being smuggled by water route, forbid the navigation through Madeira - and this ban last until the creation of the Mato Grosso and Rio Negro captaincy, in 1748. Madeira river then began integrating the nautical circuit beginning at Villa Bela da Santssima Trindade city - the defense post of the western frontier of Portuguese America before the Hispanic occupation. Since then, its use as historical road transport was increased, but the existence of non-navigable stretches of waterfalls formed by the sequence between Guajar-Mirim and Porto Velho was always a difficulty for the connection to Belem, Par.
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O perodo histrico
Com o comeo da ocupao colonial e a consequente chegada das misses catlicas, os indgenas ganharam companhia. No processo de catequizao dos nativos, os jesutas tentaram unificar diferentes aldeias e realizaram pesquisas de explorao econmica na rea. Essas atividades iniciaram entre 1669 a 1672 e cessaram quando os religiosos foram expulsos das Amricas, no comeo do sculo XVIII. O perodo seguinte seria de relativa calmaria. Em 1732, o Imprio Portugus, preocupado com a possibilidade de o ouro garimpado no rio Cuiab ser contrabandeado por rota fluvial, proibiu a navegao pelo Madeira e esta interdio durou at a criao das capitanias de Mato Grosso e do Rio Negro, em 1748. O rio Madeira passou, ento, a integrar o circuito nutico que iniciava na Vila Bela da Santssima Trindade posto de defesa da fronteira oeste da Amrica Portuguesa diante da ocupao hispnica. A partir da, seu uso como via histrica de transporte foi ampliado, mas a existncia dos trechos no navegveis formados pela sequncia de cachoeiras entre GuajarMirim e Porto Velho constituiu, sempre, uma dificuldade para a ligao at Belm, no Par.
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Foto histrica da comunidade de Mutum Paran

77 History of Mutum Paran community Povospicture e Culturas do Rio Madeira Photo historique de la communaut de Mutum Paran
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Seringueira, rvore utilizada para extrao do ltex

78 tree, from Rubber which latexdo isRio extracted Povos e Culturas Madeira Arbre caoutchouc, arbre utilis pour la production de latex
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O movimento se intensificaria ainda mais no sculo XX, com o desenvolvimento da economia extrativista de borracha
Le dmnagement serait augment au XXe sicle, avec le dveloppement de lconomie extractive du caoutchouc The movement would intensify further in the twentieth century with the development of the extractive economy of rubber
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Extrao de latex
Latex extraction Extraction du latex
Lactivit humaine sest beaucoup intensifi dmnagement partir du XXe sicle, avec le dveloppement de lconomie extractive du caoutchouc et la dcouverte de gisements dor, qui a attir un grand nombre dimmigrants dans la rgion. ce jour, lactivit minire est remarquable dans Rondnia. Pendant la saison humide, lorsque le niveau deau de la rivire Madeira atteint denviron 18 pieds de profondeur, la collecte se fait au moyen de dragues et des chalands appeles scarifussas. On trouve encore quelques rares mines avec des quipements rudimentaires plus ancien. Laugmentation de la population galement stimule par la construction de la Route BR-364, qui relie So Paulo lAcre, en passant par Rondnia contribue modifier le profil dmographique de ltat de lAmazone et la conception de leur culture. Il y a une croissance vidente des zones urbaines. Les personnes provenant dautres rgions du Brsil, ou enfants dimmigrs dpassent dj le volume de la population traditionnelle, originaire des groupes indignes locaux, avec une forte influence du Nord-Est et des anciens noyau coloniaux. En effet, les communauts ctires commence a laiss place aux nouveaux arrivants.
The movement would intensify further in the twentieth century with the development of the extractive economy of rubber and the discovery of deposits of gold and cassiterite, which attracted large numbers of immigrants to the region. To date, the mining activity is remarkable in Rondnia. During the wet season, when the water level of Madeira reaches about 18 meters deep, the gathering is done by dredgers and barges called scarifussas - though rare mines are still found with older rudimentary equipment. The increase in population - also stimulated by the construction of the BR-364 Highway, which connects So Paulo to Acre, passing through Rondnia - has helped to change the demographic profile of the state of Amazonas and the design of its culture. There is an evident growth of urban areas, and individuals from other parts of Brazil, or immigrants children a few generations ago, now outnumber the traditional population number, coming from the local indigenous groups, with strong influence of the Northeast and other colonial origins. Clearly, the river feature began to give way to another, multicultural.
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Reconstituio de peas de borracha

Rubber pieces reconstitution Reconstitution de pices en caoutchouc
O movimento se intensificaria ainda mais no sculo XX, com o desenvolvimento da economia extrativista da borracha e a descoberta de jazidas de ouro e cassiterita, que atraiu grande nmero de imigrantes para a regio. At hoje, o garimpo atividade marcante em Rondnia. Na poca da cheia, quando o nvel da gua do Madeira atinge em torno de 18 metros de profundidade, a coleta feita por dragas e balsas denominadas scarifussas embora ainda sejam encontrados raros garimpos com equipamento rudimentar mais antigo. O incremento populacional estimulado tambm pela construo da Rodovia BR-364, que liga So Paulo ao Acre, passando por Rondnia tem ajudado a modificar o perfil demogrfico do estado do Amazonas e o desenho de sua cultura. H um evidente crescimento dos ncleos urbanos, e os indivduos provenientes de outras partes do Brasil, ou filhos de migrantes h poucas geraes, j superam em quantidade a populao tradicional, oriunda dos grupos indgenas locais, com forte influncia nordestina e outras origens coloniais. ntido: a feio ribeirinha comeou a dar espao a outra, multicultural.
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At hoje, o garimpo atividade marcante em Rondnia

ce jour, lactivit minire est remarquable dans Rondnia. To date, the mining activity is remarkable in Rondnia
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Embarcaes popularmente denominadas escarifuas, para dragagem de ouro no Rio Madeira

Vessels popularly known asescarifuas, for dredging of gold in the Madeira River Embarcations populairement appeles escarifuas, pour le drainage de lor de la rivire Madeira
Garimpo de ouro
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Garimpo de ouro
Gold digging Prospection dor
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Tecendo redes de pesca

Weaving fishing net Tissage des filets de pche
Nanmoins aujourdhui, les habitants sappuient encore sur des techniques traditionnelles de pche, de construction de navires et de btiments. Contrairement ce qui se passe dans dautres parties du pays, des maisons base de bois continuent tre construites et dpassent encore, en nombre, les btiments de maonnerie. Il y a une certaine homognit dans lensemble., Des lments architecturaux locaux ont t ajout aux techniques apportes par les immigrants en provenance du Sud du pays. On constate des modifications dans le trac, conformment aux cycles conomiques de dveloppement de lAmazonie. Dans certains districts, comme Mutum Paran, on observe lutilisation des chasses comme bouclier contre les inondations de la rivire Madeira. Des techniques et des stratgies de maniement de la nature sajoutent et compltent, dans lternelle relation de lhomme avec son environnement.
Even today, however, the inhabitants rely on traditional techniques of fishing, building ships and buildings. Unlike what happens in other parts of the country, wood-based houses are still being built and even surpass masonry buildings in number. There is certain homogeneity in the set, which has added local architectural feature techniques brought by immigrants from the South, and suffered modifications in the building, according to business cycles of Amazonian development. In some districts, such as Mutum Paran, there is the use of stilts as a shield against flooding from Madeira river. Techniques and strategies of environmental management are compounded and complemented in the eternal relationship between man and the environment that surrounds him.
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Embarcao
Vessel Bateau
Ainda hoje, todavia, os habitantes se valem de tcnicas artesanais na pesca, na construo das embarcaes e edifcios. Ao contrrio do que ocorre em outras partes do pas, casas base de madeira continuam sendo erguidas e ainda superam, em nmero, as construes em alvenaria. H certa homogeneidade no conjunto, que agregou caractersticas arquitetnicas locais s tcnicas trazidas pelos imigrantes do Sul do pas e sofreu modificaes no traado, de acordo com os ciclos econmicos de desenvolvimento da Amaznia. Em alguns distritos, como Mutum Paran, observa-se a utilizao de palafitas como escudo contra os alagamentos oriundos do rio Madeira. Tcnicas e estratgias de manejo da natureza se somam e complementam, na eterna relao do homem com o meio ambiente que o rodeia.
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Oziel Dias Garcia, construtor de canoas

88 Dias Garcia, Oziel boat builder Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira Oziel Dias Garcia, constructeur de canots
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C hemin de F er M adeira - M amor

Lexploitation du caoutchouc en Amazonie et la refonte de la carte politique de lAmrique du Sud au XIXe sicle avec lindpendance de plusieurs rpubliques, entre elles la Bolivie sont lies, directement, la cration du Chemin de Fer Madeira-Mamor. Sa construction a lieu au milieu de la rvolution de lAcre, conflit entre le Brsil, le Prou et la Bolivie sur lactuelle rgion de ltat de lAcre, lpoque trs valoris par la fivre du caoutchouc. En 1899, la Bolivie a ngoci avec le Bolivian Syndicate, un cartel anglo-amricain, loctroi de pouvoirs pour monopoliser la production et lexportation de caoutchouc de lAcre, et percevoir les impts de ceux qui travaillaient sur le site, y compris les Brsiliens. Lobjectif tait dtablir un meilleur contrle sur la rgion, mais le projet a provoqu la colre des exploitants de caoutchouc, qui se sont estims lss et ont commenc un mouvement de contestation. Inform de laccord imminent avec le Bolivian Syndicate et au courant du mcontentement populaire, le gouverneur de lAmazone, Ramalho Jnior, a dcid denvoyer un contingent militaire lAcre. Les troupes ont envahi le territoire, et ont proclam une rpublique indpendante. Mais le prsident du Brsil, Campos Salles, a teint ensuite la naissante de cette unit fdrative indpendante.
M adeira - M amor R ailroad

The rubber exploitation in the Amazon and the redesign of the political map of South America in the nineteenth century - with the independence of several republics, including Bolvia - bind directly to the creation of MadeiraMamor Railroad. Its construction takes place within the context of the so called Acre revolution, the result of the dispute between Brazil, Peru and Bolvia for the territory where now stands the state of Acre at the time highly valued because of its rubber. In 1899, Bolvia negotiated with the Bolivian Syndicate, an Anglo-American trust, granting powers to monopolize the production and export of rubber originally from Acre, and to collect taxes from those working on the site, including Brazilians. The goal was to establish greater control over the region, but the project angered a lot - the tappers, who deemed themselves aggrieved and started a protest movement. Informed of the impending agreement with the Bolivian Syndicate and aware of popular discontent, the governor of Amazonas, Ramalho Junior, decided to send a military contingent to Acre. The troops invaded the territory, and there proclaimed an independent republic. But then the president of Brazil, Campos Salles, soon extinguished the nascent federal unit.
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A Estrada de Ferro Madeira-Mamor

A explorao da borracha da Amaznia e o redesenho do mapa poltico da Amrica do Sul, no sculo XIX com a independncia de vrias repblicas, entre elas a Bolvia ligamse, diretamente, criao da Estrada de Ferro Madeira-Mamor. Sua construo se d no contexto da chamada Revoluo Acreana, fruto da disputa entre Brasil, Peru e Bolvia pelo territrio onde hoje se localiza o estado do Acre, na poca muito valorizado por conta de seus seringais. Em 1899, a Bolvia negociava com o Bolivian Syndicate, um truste anglo-americano, a concesso de poderes para monopolizar a produo e exportao da borracha originria do Acre, alm de cobrar impostos de quem trabalhava no local, inclusive os brasileiros. A meta era estabelecer maior controle sobre a regio, mas o projeto desagradou e muito aos seringueiros, que se julgaram lesados e iniciaram um movimento de contestao. Informado da iminncia de acordo com o Bolivian Syndicate e ciente da insatisfao popular, o governador do Amazonas, Ramalho Jnior, decidiu enviar um contingente militar ao Acre. A tropa invadiu o territrio, e ali proclamou uma repblica independente. Mas o ento presidente do Brasil, Campos Salles, logo extinguiu a nascente unidade federativa.
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Autoridades em visita ao trecho concludo da EFMM

Authorities visiting the EFMM stretch concluded Autorits en visite sur la section acheve de EFMM
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Trabalhadores em obras no leito de drenagem ao longo da futura ferrovia

Workers at the drainage bed over the railroad to be. Travailleurs sur les chantiers dans le lit de drainage le long de la future voie ferre.
Castanheira derrubada na abertura do traado da EFMM

Chestnut tree fallen at the opening to the EFMM line Chtaignier arrach lors de louverture du trac de EFMM
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Sua construo se d no contexto da chamada Revoluo Acreana

Sa construction a lieu au sein de la rvolution de lAcre Its construction takes place within the context of the so called Acre revolution
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Foto histrica. Comunidade de Abun

History picture of Abun community Photo historique de la communaut de Abun
Nanmoins en 1901, la Bolivie a sign finalement le contrat avec le Bolivian Syndicate, ce qui a renforcer la colre des Brsiliens et dclenche un second assaut arm. Les Boliviens voulaient attaquer sur une grande chelle afin de reprendre la rgion. Par consquent, le Ministre des Affaires trangres du Brsil a dcid dagir afin de transfrer laffaire la sphre diplomatique. Deux ans plus tard, le Trait de Petrpolis a t sign. Selon le document, lAcre serait annex au Brsil qui, son tour, payerait la Bolivie 2 000 000 000 et serait responsable de louverture du transport du caoutchouc bolivien vers locan Atlantique par le chemin de fer. La route devrait traverser la rgion des chutes deau de la rivire Madeira, en facilitant le transport du produit pour tre export depuis Porto Velho
In 1901, Bolvia finally signed the contract with the Bolivian Syndicate, which created more anger and a second armed assault. The Bolivians wanted to attack on a massive scale in order to resume the region. Therefore, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil decided to act in order to transfer the matter to the diplomatic sphere. Two years later, they signed the Treaty of Petrpolis. According to the document, Acre was annexed to Brazil for the payment to Bolvia of two billion pounds sterling, being responsible for opening an alternative way of transporting the Bolivian rubber toward the Atlantic Ocean by rail. The route should overcome the stretch of rapids of Madeira river, facilitating the conduct of the product to where it could be shipped for export - in this case, Porto Velho.
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Trabalhadores da oficina de Porto Velho Rondnia. esquerda: Locomveis. Mquinas a vapor geradoras de energia montadas sobre rodas. Ao fundo: Rio Madeira
Porto Velho, State of Rondnia, workshop workers. To the left: Locomveis. Energy generating vapor machines assembled over wheels. Background Madeira River Travailleurs de latelier de Porto Velho Rondnia. gauche: Locomotives. Machines vapeur gnratrices dnergie montes sur des roues. Au fond: Rio Madeira
Em 1901, a Bolvia, enfim, firmou o contrato com o Bolivian Syndicate, o que gerou mais revolta e uma segunda investida armada. Os bolivianos pretendiam atacar de forma macia, com o objetivo de retomar a regio. Diante disso, o Ministrio das Relaes Exteriores do Brasil resolveu agir a fim de transferir a questo para a esfera diplomtica. Dois anos depois, foi assinado o Tratado de Petrpolis. De acordo com o documento, o Acre seria anexado ao Brasil que, em compensao, pagaria Bolvia dois bilhes de libras esterlinas e se responsabilizaria pela abertura de um caminho alternativo de escoamento da borracha boliviana em direo ao oceano Atlntico, por via frrea. A rota deveria vencer o trecho encachoeirado do rio Madeira, facilitando a conduo do produto at onde pudesse ser embarcado para exportao no caso, Porto Velho.
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Aps quase uma dcada de trabalho, a Madeira-Mamor foi concluda em 1912

Aprs prs dune dcennie de dur labeur, le Madeira-Mamor a t achev en 1912 After nearly a decade of hard work, the Madeira-Mamor Railway was completed in 1912
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Deslizamento de trilhos provocado por chuvas

Rail gliding due to rains Glissement de rails provoque par les pluies
Descarrilamento de um guindaste de obra em trecho da EFMM

Work crane derailing in a EFMM stretch Draillement dune grue de manuvre sur une section de EFMM
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Aprs une dcennie de dur labeur, le Madeira-Mamor a t achev en 1912, lorsque le commerce du caoutchouc commenait perdre de limportance conomique. Lanne suivante, le chemin de fer a t limit au transport de passagers et de petites charges. Dans les environs de la voirie, sont apparus des tablissements humains, avec des rues, des maisons et btiments. On peut dire en effet que le chemin de fer a t la force motrice qui a conduit loccupation nationale des rives du Madeira. Les villes de Jaci Paran, Mutum Paran et Abun, par exemple, font partie de cette histoire.
After nearly a decade of hard work, Madeira-Mamor was concluded in 1912, when the rubber trade was losing economic importance. In the following year, the railroad was limited to nearly carrying passengers and small loads. In its surroundings, however, human settlements began to appear, with streets, homes and buildings. It can be stated therefore that the railway was the driving force that led to the national occupation of the banks of Madeira river. The cities of Jaci Paran, Paran and Mutum Abun, for example, are part of this story.
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Estao de Guaraj Mirim

Guaraj Mirim Station Gare de Guaraj Mirim
Aps quase uma dcada de muito trabalho, a Madeira-Mamor foi concluda em 1912, quando o comrcio da borracha comeava a perder importncia econmica. J no ano seguinte, a ferrovia limitava-se praticamente ao transporte de passageiros e de pequenas cargas. Em seu entorno, contudo, comearam a surgir aglomerados humanos, com ruas, casas e prdios. Pode-se afirmar, portanto, que a linha frrea foi a fora motriz que possibilitou a ocupao nacional das margens do rio Madeira. As cidades de Jaci Paran, Mutum Paran e Abun, por exemplo, fazem parte dessa histria.
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Ponte para Guaraj Mirim

102 to Guaraj Bridge Mirim Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira Pont pour Guaraj Mirim
Memrias de Rondnia
Trilhos atuais
Current trails Rails actuels
Estao de Jacy Paran

Jacy Paran Station Gare de Jacy Paran
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Locomotiva e compartimento de carga

Locomotive and cargo compartment Locomotive et compartiment de charge
En 1966, aprs 54 annes dactivits totalisant des pertes pratiquement pendant toute cette priode, le prsident de la Rpublique, Castello Branco, a ordonn la fermeture du chemin de fer et le qui serait remplace par une autoroute. En 1972, les machines de la locomotive ont siffl pour la dernire fois. Le long des rails du Madeira-Mamor dsactiv, il y a des locomotives, des machines, des voitures, des quipements, des ponts, des gares, des hangars et des maisons qui taient utilises par les travailleurs du chemin de fer. Toutefois, le Madeira-Mamor continue vivre dans la mmoire de nombreux habitants. Les ancienspilotes, anciens employs ou anciens utilisateurs racontent avec nostalgie lge dor du caoutchouc, de la ligne de train quotidienne et des longues distances traverser par la machine dans la fort. Lhistoire de ce rail est fortement intgr dans la mmoire et dans lidentit historique de la population.
In 1966, after 54 years of activities accumulating losses during practically the whole of during this period, the president of the republic, Castello Branco, ordered the closure of the railway, which would be replaced by a highway. In 1972, the machines whistled for the last time. Along the rails of the deactivated Madeira-Mamor there are locomotives, machinery, cars, equipment, bridges, stations, sheds and houses that were used by railroad workers. However, Madeira-Mamor is still alive in the memory of many residents: ex-drivers, former employees or former users miss the golden years of rubber, of the daily train line and the long distances covered by the machine in the middle the difficulties of the forest, strongly integrating the memory and historical identity of the population.
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Equipamentos da Estrada de Ferro Madeira Mamor nos jardins das antigas casas de maquinistas
Madeira Mamor Railway Equipment in the garden of the machinists old houses Equipements de Chemin de Fer Madeira Mamor dans les jardins des anciennes maisons des conducteurs
Em 1966, depois de 54 anos de atividades acumulando prejuzos praticamente durante todo esse perodo, o presidente da Repblica, Castello Branco, determinou o fechamento da estrada de ferro, que seria substituda por uma rodovia. Em 1972, as mquinas apitaram pela ltima vez. Ao longo dos trilhos da Madeira-Mamor desativada h locomotivas, maquinrio, carros, equipamentos, pontes, estaes, galpes e casas que eram utilizados pelos trabalhadores da ferrovia. No entanto, a Madeira-Mamor continua viva na memria de muitos moradores: ex-maquinistas, ex-funcionrios ou ex-usurios contam com saudade os anos dourados da borracha, do cotidiano da linha do trem e das longas distncias vencidas pela mquina em meio s dificuldades da floresta, integrando fortemente a memria e a identidade histrica da populao.
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Estao Ferroviria, Porto Velho, RO
Memrias de Rondnia Railroad Station, Porto Velho, State of Rondonia 107 Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira Gare Ferroviaire, Porto Velho, tat de Rondnia
L e F olklore , les connaissances et la mythologie

Si elle reprsente une voie stratgique de transport, la rivire est, pour les communauts ctires, labri de cratures et des histoires. Quatorze mille ans doccupation indienne, presque quatre sicles doccupation par une population htrogne compose de chercheurs de diamants, chtaigniers, cheminots, colons et charbonniers ont lgu aux environs de la rivire Madeira un riche rpertoire de connaissances et de mystres. partir de la rivire, les navigateurs, les indignes, les Portugais et les communauts ctires ont tabli une mythologie propre en intgrant des sirnes, des dauphins, des poissons, des cits englouties et des grands animaux prhistoriques. Nous ne prsentons ici quune petite slection dentre eux, un chantillon, cherchant transmettre la grande richesse et la diversit culturelle qui caractrise la socit actuelle rgionale. Deux entits de la fort restent profondment ancrs la tradition: le mapinguari et le curupira. Ces deux figures ont des jambes inverses, des pouvoirs magiques et sont dorigine masculine. Limage du mapinguari dans les versions modernes, se rapproche d un singe de pelage rouge et dune peau semblable celle dun alligator. La lgende dit que, lorsque quelquun rencontre le mapinguari, celui-ci reste dbout et atteint deux mtres de hauteur et capture lintrus et lui mange sa tte.
F olklore , mythology and knowledge

If you represent a strategic way of living and transportation, to coastal communities, the river is also home to many creatures and stories. Fourteen thousand years of Indian occupation, plus nearly four centuries of a heterogeneous population composed of miners, chestnut growers, railroads, coal miners and settlers bequeathed to the surroundings of Madeira river a rich repertoire of knowledge and mysteries. From the river, Mariners, Indians, Portuguese and river people established their own mythology involving mermaids, dolphins, fish, submerged cities and large prehistoric animals. Here are just a small selection of them, a sample, seeking to transmit the great wealth and cultural diversity that characterizes the current regional society. Two entities of the forest remain deeply rooted in tradition: mapinguari and curupira. Both have legs reversed, male origin and magical powers. The image of mapinguari has similarity, in modern versions, with a long red furred ape and skin similar to an alligator. Legend has it that when someone meets a mapinguari, he stands up and reaches two meters tall. The intruder having been caught, the animal eats his head.
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Folclore, saberes e mitologia

Se representa uma via estratgica de sustento e transporte, o rio , para as comunidades ribeirinhas, tambm a morada de seres e histrias. Quatorze mil anos de ocupao indgena, mais quase quatro sculos de uma populao heterognea composta por garimpeiros, castanheiros, ferrovirios, colonos e carvoeiros legaram ao entorno do rio Madeira um rico repertrio de mistrios e saberes. A partir do rio, navegantes, indgenas, portugueses e ribeirinhos estabeleceram uma mitologia prpria que envolve sereias, botos, peixes, cidades submersas e grandes animais pr-histricos. Apresentamos aqui apenas uma pequena seleo deles, uma amostra, buscando transmitir a grande riqueza e diversidade cultural que caracteriza a atual sociedade regional. Duas entidades da floresta permanecem profundamente arraigadas tradio: o mapinguari e o curupira. Ambos tm os ps invertidos, origem masculina e poderes mgicos. A imagem do mapinguari guarda semelhana, nas verses modernas, com um smio de longa pelagem avermelhada e pele similar de um jacar. Reza a lenda que, quando algum se encontra com o mapinguari, ele fica de p e alcana dois metros de altura. Capturado o intruso, o bicho come sua cabea.
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Maria Lcia e Esmerindo, tecendo rede de pesca

110 Lcia andPovos Maria Esmerindo, fishing net e Culturas weaving do Rio Madeira Maria Lcia et Esmerindo, tissage des filets de pche
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Draga de garimpo
Digging dredge Drague de prospection
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Charque de pescado
Fish charqui Poisson sch
Cipriano Rodrigues de Souza, carvoeiro

Cipriano Rodrigues de Souza, coal welder Cipriano Rodrigues de Souza, charbonier
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Corrida de voadeira
Voadeiras race Course de voadeira
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Curupira
Falta legenda Falta legenda
Le curupira, son tour, apparat sous la figure dun nain aux cheveux longs et rouges. Sa mission serait de protger la fort des prdateurs humains. Avec un coup de sifflet, il les conduit des coins reculs de la fort afin de les faire fuir. Un voyage sans retour. Un autre exemple du folklore local sont les pombagiras et les iaras, des femmes primitives et sauvages symbolises comme loppos du modle fminin de mre et vierge. Ces personnages reprsentent une menace pour la scurit masculine et gardent des attributs matriels lis lamour. Des offrandes leurs sont offertes : des rouges lvres, des bijoux, des boissons alcoolises, des cigarettes, neuf ornements, des miroirs et des fleurs (toujours en nombre impair). On distingue ces deux figures par leur origine: les iaras viennent des eaux et les pombagiras habitent les endroits secs.
Curupira appears in the figure of a dwarf with long red hair. His mission was to protect the forest from human predators. With a whistle, he leads them to secluded corners of the forest to get lost. An one-way trip. Also characteristics of the imaginary place are pombagiras and Iaras are primitive and wild women symbolized as the opposite of the female model of mother and virgin. These characters represent a security threat to masculine attributes and have material attributes related to love: they are offered lipstick, jewelry, liquor, cigarettes, nine ornaments, mirrors and flowers (always in an odd number). The mark that distinguishes them is that while Iaras come from the waters, pombagiras inhabit the dry spaces.
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Iara
Falta legenda Falta legenda
J o curupira aparece na figura de um ano com cabelos compridos e vermelhos. Sua misso seria proteger a floresta dos predadores humanos. Com um assobio, ele os leva para cantos ermos da mata at que se percam. Uma ida sem volta. Tambm caractersticas do imaginrio local, as pombagiras e as iaras so mulheres primitivas e selvagens simbolizadas como o oposto do modelo feminino de me e virgem. Essas personagens representam uma ameaa segurana masculina e guardam atributos materiais ligados ao amor: a elas so oferecidos batons, joias, bebidas alcolicas, cigarros, nove enfeites, espelhos e flores (sempre em nmero mpar). A marca que as distingue que, enquanto as iaras vm das guas, as pombagiras habitam os espaos secos.
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O boi-bumb configura outra manifestao tpica da regio

Le boi-bumb configure une autre manifestation typique de la rgion The boi-bumb configures another typical manifestation of the region
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Arraial Flor de Maracuj - Boi Diamante Negro Porto Velho RO

Arraial Flor de Maracuj - Boi Diamante Negro Porto Velho, State of Rondonia Memrias de Rondnia Fte Foraine Flor de Maracuj (Fleur de Fruit de la Passion) Boeuf Diamant Noir - Porto Velho - tat de Rondnia
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Arraial Flor de Maracuj - Boi Manhosinho Porto Velho RO

Arraial Flor de Maracuj - Boi Manhosinho Porto Velho, State of Rondonia Fte Foraine Flor de Maracuj - Boeuf Manhosinho (Sournois) Porto Velho - tat de Rondnia
Le boi-bumb est une autre manifestation typique de la rgion. Aussi appele de bumba-meu-boi, cette fte est marque par la forte prsence dinstruments musicaux et de rythmes forgs par des immigrs africains. Le mot bumba rsonne le vocabulaire Mbumb, dorigine Kongo-Bant. Le Mbumb cest le nom de certaines divinits qui ont pris la forme de serpents, de rivires, de lhumidit, mais sa signification est galement relie la notion de ce qui est cach. La gnalogie de la fte, nanmoins, est attribue linfluence ibrique, vu que le concept de joie est dorigine portugaise et la cration de btail faisait partie des activits dveloppes dans la rgion par les colons europens. Mais la participation des personnes dascendance africaine et de diverses communauts indignes du Nord et du Nord-Est du Brsil a donn un sens, une forme, une couleur, un son, une texture, un parfum et une apparence particulire au boibumb. Lhistoire vhicule par cette fte est celle du noire Chico, qui a vol le buf dune ferme parce-que sa femme enceinte veut manger la langue de lanimal. Chico craint de perdre son futur fils si le dsir de Catirina nest pas satisfait. Le propritaire de la fermedcouvre cependant le vol et ordonne aux Indiens et aux fermiers de chercher le buf. Ils trouvent enfin Chico et lanimal quiest malade. Les chamans-mdecins sont appels pour gurir le buf qui meurt. Alors, on chante:
Boi-bumb configures another typical manifestation of the region. Also called bumba-meu-boi, the festival is marked by the presence of musical instruments and rhythms brought by African immigrants. The word bumba echoes the word Mbumb, of Kongo-Bantu origin. The Mbumb is the name of some deities that took the form of snakes, rivers, and moisture, but its meaning is also connected to the concept of secret thing. The genealogy of the party, however, is attributed to the Iberian influence, as the merriment has Portuguese origins and breeding livestock was part of the activities developed in the area by European settlers. But the participation of people of African descent and indigenous peoples from various northern and northeastern Brazilian communities has given meaning, form, color, sound, touch, smell and appearance particular to boi-bumb, whose standard history is that of the negro Chico, who steals the ox of the farm because his pregnant wife wants to eat the tongue. Chico is afraid of losing his son if the desire of Catirina is not satisfied. The farmer, however, discovers the theft and sends Cowboys and Indians to seek the ox. They end up finding Chico and the animal which at this point, is ill. The shamans-doctors are asked to help, which does not prevent the death of the ox. Then he sings:
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O boi-bumb configura outra manifestao tpica da regio. Tambm chamada de bumbameu-boi, a festa marcada pela forte presena de instrumentos musicais e ritmos advindos dos imigrantes africanos. A palavra bumba ecoa o vocbulo Mbumb, de origem KongoBant. O Mbumb o nome de alguns orixs que tomavam a forma de serpentes, de rios, de umidade, mas seu significado tambm est ligado ao conceito de coisa secreta. A genealogia da festa, no entanto, atribuda influncia ibrica, j que o folguedo tem procedncia portuguesa e a criao de gado era parte das atividades desenvolvidas na rea pelos colonos europeus. Mas a participao de pessoas de descendncia africana e de diversas comunidades indgenas do Nordeste e do Norte brasileiro deu significado, forma, cor, som, textura, cheiro e aparncia particulares ao boi-bumb, cuja histria padro a do negro Chico, que rouba o boi da fazenda porque sua mulher grvida quer comer a lngua do animal. Chico receia perder o filho caso o desejo de Catirina no seja satisfeito. O dono da fazenda, entretanto, descobre o furto e manda ndios e vaqueiros procurarem o boi. Eles acabam encontrando Chico e o bicho que, a essa altura, est doente. Os pajs-doutores so convocados a ajudar, o que no evita a morte do boi. Ento se canta:
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O meu boi morreu O que ser de mim? Manda comprar outro, maninha L no Piau Logo, o bicho ressuscita e comea a danar alegremente. O dono da fazenda perdoa Chico e, juntos, participam de uma comemorao. A festa do Divino, promovida entre os meses de abril e junho, mais uma celebrao marcante da comunidade local. Doze remeiros, um coro de crianas (os meninos folies), um salveiro (aquele que d o aviso da partida), um capito do mastro, os alferes de bandeira e um cozinheiro percorrem, de barco, uma srie de cidades brasileiras e bolivianas. Cada uma delas deve estar preparada para receber os tripulantes e o Divino coroado. Na chegada, ele recepcionado pelo Imperador, a quem so entregues a coroa e o cetro de prata, enquanto os meninos entoam os hinos ao som de um violo.
Mon buf est mort Quest-ce que je vais faire? Ordonnez dacheter un autre, h ma sur Au Piau
Bientt, la bte se lve et se met danser joyeusement. Le propritaire de la ferme pardonne Chico et, ensemble, ils participent une commmoration. La fte du Divin, organise entre les mois davril et de juin, est un vnement remarquable pour la communaut locale. Douze rameurs, un chur denfants un salveiro (celui qui donne lavis de dpart), un capitaine du mt, les sous-lieutenant de drapeau et un cuisinier parcourent, en bateau, une srie de villes brsiliennes et boliviennes. Chacune doit tre prpare pour recevoir les hommes dquipage et le Divin couronn. larrive, il est accueilli par lempereur, qui sont livrs la couronne et le sceptre dargent, tandis que les garons chantent des hymnes au son dune guitare.
My ox died What will become of me? Go buy another, oh little sister There in Piau
Soon, the beast rises and begins to dance happily. The farmer forgives Chico and together they participate in a celebration. The Divine celebration, between April and June, is another remarkable local community celebration. Twelve rowers, a childrens choir (the boy revelers), a salveiro (one who gives notice of departure), a captain of the mast, the flag lieutenant and a cook travel by boat to a number of Brazilian and Bolivian cities. Each must be prepared to receive the crew and the Divine crowned. On arrival, he is welcomed by the Emperor, to whom are delivered the silver crown and scepter, while the boys sing hymns to the sound of a guitar.
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Pimentas
Peppers Poivres
Pendant la journe, la procession recueille des dons donns pour le pasteur, et de la nourriture qui, ensuite, va servir une table commune pour les hommes du bateau. Lors de la journe du Saint, on dresse le mt, avec le drapeau suspendu, devant lglise. La banderole reste en place jusqu ce que le lendemain, quand le vent indiquera la localit que, lanne prochaine sera lhte de lvnement. Parmi les communauts indignes, il y a beaucoup dautres rituels. Un cest le hroroin, men par la communaut Wari. Lors de la crmonie, le patient est reu par Towira avec une dose de chicha (une boisson fermente) de mas. Si la personne accepter, elle meurt et commence vivre dans le monde subaquatique. Il sagit dun crmonial complexe, qui se rapporte la forme comme les Wari comprennent et vivent la mort. Les Wari promeuvent galement la tamara invitant les dcds. Ce crmonial represente lide de la consommation de la la viande des habitants subaquatiques apparus dans les eaux du fleuve sous forme de mchoire,. Tant dans la tamara que dans l hroroin, il y a de la musique, de la danse, du chant et des tambours faits spcialement pour loccasion. Dans chacune de leurs ftes les membres de la socit occupent des postes divers: ils sont les htes ou invits, vivants ou morts, humains ou animaux, personnes ou trangers. Dans la logique des relations des Wari, ce signifie que chacun peut jouer le rle de chass ou de chasseur.
During the day, the procession collects donations given to the pastor, and the food that they serve as a common table with the crew of the boat. On the saints day the mast is raised, with the flag hanging in front of the church. The standard remains in place until the next day when the wind will point the location that next year will be host to the exit of the barge. Among the indigenous communities there are many other rituals. One is the hroroin held by Wari society. At the ceremony, the sick individual is received by Towira Towira with a dose of chicha (a fermented beverage) of maize. If he accepts, the person dies and comes to live in the underwater world. This is a complex ritual, which relates how Wari understand and experience death. The Wari also promotes tamara, in which they invite the dead, consume the flesh of the people encountered underwater in the river-shaped jaw, apart from drinking chicha. Both in tamara and in hroroin there is music, dancing, singing and drumming made especially for the occasion. At each one of his parties the members of society assume different positions: they are hosts or guests, living or dead, human or animals, people or foreigners. In the WarI relations logic, this means that each can take the role of hunted or hunter.
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Temperos
Spices Epices
Durante o dia, a procisso recolhe doaes, entregues ao proco, e a comida que, depois, ir servir uma mesa comum com os tripulantes do barco. No dia do Santo, ergue-se o mastro, com a bandeira pendurada, em frente igreja. O estandarte permanece no local at o dia seguinte, quando o vento apontar a localidade que, no prximo ano, dever ser a anfitri da sada do batelo. Entre as comunidades indgenas h muitos outros rituais. Um deles o hroroin , realizado pela sociedade Wari. Na cerimnia, o indivduo doente recebido por Towira Towira com uma dose de chicha (uma beberagem fermentada) de milho. Se aceitar, a pessoa morre e passa a morar no mundo subaqutico. Trata-se de um ritual complexo, que se relaciona com a forma como os Wari compreendem e vivenciam a morte. Os Wari tambm promovem a tamara, na qual convidam os mortos, consomem a carne dos habitantes subaquticos surgidos nas guas do rio em forma de queixada, alm de beber a chicha. Tanto na tamara quanto no hroroin h msica, dana, canto e o toque de tambores especialmente confeccionados para a ocasio. Em cada uma de suas festas os membros da sociedade assumem posies diversas: so anfitries ou convidados, vivos ou mortos, humanos ou animais, pessoas ou estrangeiros. Na lgica das relaes dos Wari, isso significa que cada um pode encenar o papel de caa ou de caador.
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A esses ritos, mitos e festas se juntam muitos outros, incluindo uma farta culinria tradicional
ces rites, des mythes et des ftes se rejoignent beaucoup autres, y compris une cuisine riche en plats traditionnels To these rites, myths and festivals many others are joined, including a rich cuisine
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Temperos
Spices Epices
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Temperos
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Memrias de Rondnia
Spices Epices
J os Jupa e Amondawa costumam cantar noite para espantar os inimigos ou lembrar os entes queridos que j morreram. Tambm h dana em profuso. Na yreru, os homens tocam taboca, carregando suas flechas com os arcos retesados como se fossem ser lanados. As mulheres, em certo momento, bailam agarradas em seus braos. No decorrer da dana, o Chefe da Festa permanece no meio da roda, tocando a maior flauta (yreru) e conduzindo o ritmo com marcaes feitas com os ps. Os homens enrolam cips na cintura, mais apertados nos quadris e mais largos na altura do ventre, onde prendem suas armas.
Dj les Jupa et Amondawa ont lhabitude de chanter la nuit pour effrayer les ennemis ou se souvenir des tres chers dcds. Il y a aussi la danse profusion. Dans la yreru, les hommes jouent taboca (flte de bambou), portant ses flches avec les arcs tendus comme sils taient des tre librs. Les femmes, un moment donn, dansent saisies dans leurs bras. Pendant la danse, le Chef de la Fte reste au milieu du cercle, en jouant la plus grande flte (yreru) et en conduisant le rythme avec des marquages faits avec les pieds. Les hommes enroulent des lianes sur la taille, plus serrs sur les hanches et plus larges la hauteur du ventre, o ils occupent leurs armes.
Now Jupa and Amondawa often sing at night to frighten the enemy or remember loved ones who have already died. There is also dancing in profusion. In yreru, the men play bamboo flutes, carrying his arrows with bows bent as if they were being released. The women, at one point, dance clutched in his arms. During the dance, the Chief of the Party remains in the middle of the circle, playing the biggest flute (yreru) and driving the pace with markings made with his feet. Men wrap vines around their waist, tighter on the hips and wider at the stomach, where they hold their weapons.
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Suco de aa
Acai berry juice Jus daai
Les rituels indignes se basent sur la mythologie, comme ce que raconte sur le Surgissement de la Nuit. Lhistoire raconte quun bacurau (un oiseau nocturne) a demand pour une once douvrir la bouche parce quil voulait voir la dent de lanimal. La once a ouvert, loiseau a vacu dedans la bouche de lonce, elle a vomi et a failli mourir. Le bacurau a vol et est parti. Alors, une amie de lonce est apparue et a demand ce qui tait arriv. Lonce a racont. Lamie est alle jusqu les maisons et a brl toutes les espces de mas, alors que lonce continuait vomir. Quand elle sest appuye sur le mas noir pour le brler, la nuit est apparue. Lonce ne savait pas quoi faire, elle a attendu laube et elle a essay dallumer le feu, qui ne sallumait pas. Cette nuit-l a dur trois jours et, ensuite, vint un jour et une nuit, toujours lun aprs lautre. Lonce malade se guri. ces rites, ces s mythes et ces ftes se rejoignent une cuisine riche en plats traditionnels servis pendant les ftes et clbrations. Une dcouverte unique, qui senrichit et se dveloppe de gnration en gnration. Ce sont ces traditions et ces cultures qui font partie de cette riche mosaque appele Brsil.
The Indigenous rituals are based on mythology, such as the one which tells the Emergence of the Night. The story goes that a nighthawk (a night bird) asked a jaguar to open its mouth because he wanted to see the tooth of the animal. The jaguar opened it and he defecated inside the mouth of jaguar, which vomited and almost died. The nighthawk flew away. Then a friend of the jaguar came out and asked what had happened. The jaguar told it to her. His friend went to the village and burned all the species of maize, while the jaguar was still vomiting. When he pushed the black corn to burn, the night appeared. The jaguar did not know what to do, so it waited for dawn and tried to light the fire, which would not start. That night lasted three days and, thereafter, came one day and one night, always one after another. The jaguar which had died from vomiting so much came back to life. To these rites, myths and festivals many others are joined, including a rich cuisine with traditional dishes served during festivals and celebrations. A unique knowledge, which enriches and expands from generation to generation - and this is part of this rich mosaic called Brazil.
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Vagens
String beans Haricots verts
Os rituais indgenas baseiam-se na mitologia, como o que narra o Aparecimento da Noite. Conta a histria que um bacurau (uma ave noturna) pediu para a ona abrir a boca, pois ele queria ver o dente do bicho. A ona abriu, ele defecou dentro da boca da ona, ela vomitou e quase morreu. O bacurau voou e foi embora. Ento, uma amiga da ona apareceu e perguntou o que tinha acontecido. A ona contou. Sua amiga foi at a maloca e queimou todas as espcies de milho, enquanto a ona continuava vomitando. Quando se encostou ao milho preto para queimar, a noite apareceu. A ona ficou sem saber o que fazer, esperou nascer o dia e tentou acender o fogo, que no pegava. Aquela noite durou trs dias e, a partir da, surgiu um dia e uma noite, sempre um depois de outro. A ona, que de tanto vomitar tinha morrido, voltou a viver. A esses ritos, mitos e festas se juntam muitos outros, incluindo uma farta culinria tradicional, com pratos servidos durante as festas e celebraes. Um saber singular, que se enriquece e se amplia de gerao em gerao e que parte desse rico mosaico chamado Brasil.
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Casa de farinha na comunidade de Prosperidade pertencente ao municpio de Porto Velho RO

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Flour making house in the community of Prosperidade in the city of Porto Velho, State of Rondonia Moulin farine dans la communaut de Prosprit appartenant la municipalit de Porto Velho tat de Rondnia
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Rio Madeira
134 River Madeira Rio Madeira
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CIP-BRASIL. CATALOGAO-NA-FONTE SINDICATO NACIONAL DOS EDITORES DE LIVROS, RJ M896m Moutinho, Marcelo, 1972Memrias de Rondnia / Marcelo Moutinho. - 1.ed. - Rio de Janeiro : Arte Ensaio, 2010. il. ISBN 978-85-60504-17-6 1. Madeira, Rio, Vale (RO e AM) - Antiguidades. 2. Arqueologia - Madeira, Rio, Vale (RO e AM). 3. Patrimnio cultural - Madeira, Rio, Vale (RO e AM) I. Ttulo. 10-5483. 22.10.10 CDD: 981.11 CDU: 94(811.1) 09.11.10 022439
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Memorias de Rondonia

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Memorias de Rondonia

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Memrias de Rondnia

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Arte Ensaio Editora Ltda.

Silvana Monteiro de Carvalho Paula Feres Paixo

Marcelo Moutinho Erika M. Robrahn-Gonzlez

Antonio Luiz F. Abreu Jorge

Carolina Wermelinger Bruna Paes

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Travesses rochosos no rio Madeira

L andscapes and tradition

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Margens do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Rio Madeira, imensido de guas

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

27 Water mirror Miroir deau

Margem do rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira Rainforest

29 flower Fleur de la fort

Bancos de areia nas margens do rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Bancos de areia no rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Amanhecer no rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Travesses rochosos, rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Travesses rochosos no rio Madeira

L homme arrive et s installe

M an arrival and settlement

O homem chega e se estabelece

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Pr-do-sol no Rio Madeira, Porto Velho, Rondnia

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Nmades, deixaram vestgios fugazes como restos de lascamento da pedra

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Decorao plstica - linhas curvas, retas e pontos formando motivos

Reconstituio parcial de vasilhame cermico

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Estes grupos confeccionavam artefatos cermicos, sobretudo vasilhas

Vasilhas cermicas pintadas em fase de escavao, a 1,5 metros de profundidade

Estrutura de vasilhas cermicas pintadas

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Tigela cermica pintada em rea de escavao

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Lmina de machado polida retirada das escavaes

Povos e Culturas do Rio Madeira

Borda de vasilha cermica decorada

Evidenciao e retirada de vasilhas cermicas

Evidenciao de vasilha cermica inteira, Ilha do Padre