5.

Crowd (n) a large number of people or things in a small space Crowded (adj) many people or things pushed together A crowd of people transmits many disease-causing organism An epidemic can start on a crowded bus

6.

Swallow (v) to cause food to pass from the mouth through the throat and into the stomach When a person swallows, food moves along the esophagus to the stomach

7.

free-living (adj) able to exist by oneself, independent Some insects depend on a host during stages of larval development; others are free-

living 8. Uncooked (adj) not cooked, raw Many people may become infected with parasites found in uncooked meat 9. Droplet (n) small amount of liquid Manu viruses are present even in small droplets of mucus

READING SELECTION A. Ways in which diseases are spread directly Infectious diseases are passed directly from one person to another without any intermediate stage. Diseases are transmitted from one human to another in the following ways : 1. Transmission by droplets Large numbers of organisms that cause disease are released when patients exhale. Coughing, sneezing, and spitting also spread disease. Epidemics can occur when people are crowded together. Some examples of diseases spread by droplets are measles, smallpox, the common cold, streptococcal tonsillitis, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and meningitis.