Similarity - Velocity

Water at 20oC (viscosity = 1 cp) flows through a smooth straight pipe A of inside diameter 4 cm at an average velocity of 50 cm/sec. Oil flows through another pipe B of inside diameter 10 cm. Assuming similarities, calculate the velocity of oil through pipe B. Specific gravity of oil is 0.8 and its viscosity is 2 cp. Data: A: Dia of A = 4 cm Velocity of fluid in A = 50 cm/sec Density of fluid in A = 1 g/cc Viscosity of fluid in A = 1 cp B: Dia of B = 10 cm Density of fluid in B = 0.8 g/cc Viscosity of fluid in A = 2 cp Formulae: For dynamic similarity, ratio of forces to be equal Inertial forceA / Inertial forceB = Viscous forceA / Viscous forceB i.e. NReA = NReB Calculations: NReA = NReB Therefore, 4 x 50 x 1 / 1 = 10 x VB x 0.8 / 2 200 = 4 VB VB = 200/4 = 50 cm/sec Velocity of oil through B = 50 cm/sec

Similarity - Pressure Drop

A geometrically similar model of an air duct is built 1:30 scale and tested with water which is 50 times more viscous and 800 times denser than air. When tested under dynamically similar conditions, the pressure drop is 2.25 atm in the model. Find the corresponding pressure drop in the full-scale prototype. Data: Dimensions of the model = 1/30 times the dimensions of prototype Viscosity of fluid in the model = 50 times the viscosity of fluid in prototype Density of fluid in the model = 800 times the density of the fluid in prototype Formulae: For dynamic similarity, ratio of forces to be equal Inertial forcem / Inertial forcep = Pressure forcem / Pressure focep = Viscous forcem / Viscous forcep 1 Pressure force = (2fLv2 / D)D2 (i.e. = frictional pressure drop x area) 2 From 1, NRem = NRep Calculations: NRem = NRep 1 x vm x 800 / 50 = 30 x vp x 1 / 1 vm = 1.875 vp Pressure force ratio = (2fm x 800 x 1 x vm2 / 1) x 12 / ((2fp x 1 x 30 x (vm / 1.875)2 / 30) x 302) = 1600fmvm2 / 512fpvm2 =3.125fm/fp f = 0.079 (Dv/ fm/fp = (1 x vm x 800 / 50)-0.25 / (30 x (vm/1.875) x 1 / 1)-0.25 = 16-0.25/16-0.25 = 1 pressure ratio = 3.125 x 302 / 12 = 2812.5 ( i.e. pressure = pressure force/area) Pressure drop of the prototype = 2.25/2812.5 atm = 0.0008 atm = 81.06 N/m2