mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

,uhkyp';f mgak; Jiz

Kd;Diu

mfj;nj fWj;Jg; g[wj;J btSj;jpUe;j cyfuidtiua[k;

rfj;nj jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;J miltpj;jpl mtUk;
,fj;nj guj;ijg; bgw;W kfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw vid ,e;j
a[fj;nj ,iwtd; tUtpf;ft[w;nwd; mUisg; bgw;nwnd/
(jpUtUl;gh 5485)

,iwtdhy; tUtpf;ft[w;w jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhh;

,iwtidg; gw;wpa cz;ikiaa[k;. ,iw mUisg;
bgWjw;Fhpa cz;ik tHpiaa[k;. kdpjd; Kothf mila
ntz;oa cz;ik epiyiaa[k; jhk; mUspa jpUtUl;ghtpy;
kpf kpf vspikahd Kiwapy; vy;nyhUk; g[hpe;J bfhs;SkhW
tpsf;fpf; fhl;oa[s;shh;/
$hjp. kjk;. rkak; Kjypadbty;yhk; bgha;bad;W rhoa
ts;syhh;. Md;k nea xUikg; ghl;Lhpika[ila rnfhjuh;fshf
midtUk; xd;Wgl;L thH ntz;Lk; vd;W mwpt[iu Twpdhh;/
midtUk; $hjp. kj. rka ntWghod;wp xd;W To
cz;ikfis mwpe;J bfhs;sr; rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa
r';fk; xd;wpid epWtpdhh;/ rd;khh;f;f r';fj;ijr; rhh;e;J
flt[spd; cz;ikia czh;tnjhL kl;Lkpd;wp Mz;ltdpd;
mUis vspjpy; bgWfpd;w tHpia mwpe;J bfhz;lth;fs;
kdpj thH;tpd; Koe;j Koghd kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;ita[k;
bgWtuhjypdhy;. mr; r';fj;ijr; rhh;e;jth;fs; ntbwhd;iw
ehor; brd;W bgha;a[yif ek;gp Vkhe;J nghfhjPh;fs; vd;Wk;
,uf;fj;jhy; vLj;Jiuf;fp;d;whh;/

MlhjPh; rw;Wk; mirahjPh; ntbwhd;iw

ehlhjPh; bgha;a[yif ek;ghjPh; ? thlhjPh;
rd;khh;f;f r';fj;ijr; rhh;tPh; tpiue;jpdp ,';F
vd; khh;f;fKk; xd;whnk/ (jpUtUl;gh 5527)

$Pt fhUz;ak; xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk ,iwaUisg;

bgwKoa[k; vd;W Twpa ts;syhh; me;j cz;ikia cyfpy;

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

vd;bwd;Wk; epiyehl;l tlY}hpy; rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa

jUkr;rhiy xd;wpidj; Jtf;fpdhh;/ jkJ gd;dpuz;lhtJ
tajpy; bjhl';fpa jtj;jpd; Kothd gyid me;jj; jUkr;
rhiyapny mile;jjhft[k; Twpdhh;/ 1867k; Mz;L nk khjk;
23k; ehs; ts;syhuhy; K:l;lg;gl;l mLg;ghdJ jpUtUs;
ty;ygj;jhy; ,d;Wk; vhpe;J bfhz;L m';nf tUk; ViHfspd;
grpahw;wp tUtijf; fz;Tlhff; fhQqfpd;nwhk;/ $Pt
fhUz;ank bja;t tHpghL vd;W vLj;Jf; fhl;oath; ts;syhh;/
$hjp kjk; rkak; Kjypait bgha;bad;W rho. Md;knea
xUikg; ghl;Lhpik K:yk; midtiua[k; xd;Wgl;L thH
tHpTwpa ts;syhnu g[yhy; cz;gth;fisg; g[wtpdj;jhh; vd;Wk;.
khkpr czit kWj;jth;fis mftpdj;jhh; vdt[k; gphpj;jhh;/
g[yhy; cz;Qqk; kdpjiuf; fz;L cs; eL';fp Mw;whky;
vd;bgyhk; fUf ,isj;jdd; vd;W TWfpwhh;/ Xh; Mizg;
bgz;zhf;fp. me;jg; bgz;iz kW fzj;jpnyna kPz;Lk;
Mzhf;fp. ,we;j gpnujj;jpw;F caph; bfhLf;Fk; mst[ Mw;wy;
(rpj;J) bgw;wtuhapDk; kdjpy; ,uf;fk; ,y;yhJ xU $Ptid
tijj;J mjd; khkprj;ij cz;Qqk; vz;zk;
,Uf;Fnkahdhy; mtid "hdp vdf; Tw ntz;lhk; vd;W
Twp "hdpfl;F xU g[jpa ,yf;fznk tFf;fpd;whh;/
kUthizg; bgz;zhf;fp xU fzj;jpy; fz; tpHpj;J
ta';Fk; mg;bgz;
cUthiz cUthf;fp ,we;jtiu vGg;g[fpd;w cUtndDk;
fUthiza[w ,u';fhJ capUlk;igf; foe;J cz;Qqk;
fUj;jndy; v';
FUthiz vkJ rptf;bfhGe;jhiz "hdp vdf;Tbwhzhnj
(jpUtUl;gh 3027)

,iwtdpd; cz;ikia vLj;Jf; fhl;lt[k; vy;nyhUk;

"hd mDgtk; bgw;W kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;tilat[k; tlY}hpy;
rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa "hdrig xd;wpid 1872k;
Mz;L epWtpdhh;/ vz;nfhz cUt mikg;igf; bfhz;l
,e;j "hdrig cyfpy; ntbw';Fk; fhz KoahjJk; vy;yhr;
rkaj;jtUk; te;J tz';ff;Toa xU bghJthd MyaKk;

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

MFk;/ ,e;j "hdrig 25?1?1872 md;W tHpghl;Lf;fhfj;

jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;lJ/
,e;j "hdrigapy; vGe;jUsg; bgw;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltiuj; Jjpf;Fk; tifapy; 1596 thpfs; bfhz;l mfty;
xd;wpid 11?4?1872 md;W ,aw;wp mUspdhh;/ rd;khh;f;fj;jpd;
ntjkhf ,e;j mfty; midtuhYk; nghw;wg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ/
mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltiu ehd;F Kiw tpspj;J
Muk;gpf;fg;gLk; mfty; mnjnghy KotpYk; ehd;F Kiw
tpspj;J Kof;fg;gLfpwJ/
capbuGj;Jf;fs; gd;dpuz;Lk; mfuthpirapy; Kjypy;
bjhl';fg;gLfpwJ/ Kjy; 336 thpfs; ,e;j mftYf;F
Kd;Diuahf mike;Js;sJ vdf; Twyhk;/ 367tJ
thpapypUe;J bjhl';Fk; 30 thpfs; g";r g{j tphptpd;
Kd;Diuahf mike;Js;sJ/
,iwtid mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd miHj;j ts;syhh;
,e;j mftypy; bghUns. rptnk. rptgjpna. FUnt. jhna.
je;ijna. Jizna. el;ng. cwnt. rj;nj. rpj;nj. ,d;ng.
kzpna. ke;jpunk. kUe;nj. bghd;nd. epjpna. kiyna. flny.
tpsf;nf. kjpna. kiHna. br";Rlnu. fdny vd;bwy;yhk;
miHj;J Mde;jkile;J Kothf Muk;gpj;jJ nghd;nw
mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd;W miHj;J Kof;fpd;whh;/
gpuhh;j;jid kl;Lkpd;wpj; jdJ mUs; mDgt';fisa[k;
,e;j mftypy; btspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;/ vija[k; bghUs;g[hpe;J
goj;jhy; kl;Lnk mjd; gaid KGikahf mDgtpf;f Koa[k;/
jpz;Lf;fy; rutzhde;jh Rthkpfs;. ciu nte;jh; xsit
Jiurhkp gps;is mth;fs;. jj;Jtg; nguhrphpah; it/ ,uj;jpd
rghgjp mth;fs; nghd;nwhh; ciu vGjpa[s;sdh;/ ts;syhnu
ciu vGjpdhy; kl;Lnk cz;ikahd ciu btspg;gLk;/
mJtiu mUk;g[. kyh;. fha;. fdp nghy; mtuth; mDgtk;.
mwpt[f; nfw;gnt ciu fhz ,aYk;/

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

fw;nwhh; kl;Lkpd;wp fy;yhjhiua[k; MrPh;tjpf;Fk; ek;

bgUkhdhh; ey;yUs; Jizahy; ,e;j ciua[k; mUk;ghf
tUfpd;wJ/ te;jdk;/
rpy ,l';fspy; Kd;dhy; Mjhukhff; Twg;gl;l ghlny
gpd;dhYk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ/ thrfh;fspd; neuj;jpd; mUik
fUjp Kd; thpfspy; fhz;f vdf; Twhky; bghUj;jk; fUjp
kPz;Lk; vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ/
mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; mfu thpirapy; bjhl';F
fpd;wJ/ Ma[j vGj;jhfpa ` tu ntz;oa ,lj;jpy; jpUepiy
vd;w xU brhy;iy mikj;jpUg;gJ. Ma;t[f; FhpaJ/
jpUmUl;ghtpy; xU brhy;Yf;Fg; bghUs; jpUmUl;ghtpnyna
fhz ntz;Lk;/ jpUepiy vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ>
vd;d bghUs;> thhPh; rpjk;guty;yp vd;w fPh;j;jidapYk;
mftiyg; nghd;nw mfu thpirapy; fz;zpfs;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/ m';Fk; @xs@tpw;Fg; gpd; @fz;zidaPh;@
vd;W bjhl';Ffpd;whh;/ Kfj;jpuz;L fz;fSld;
Ejw;fz;iza[k; nrh;j;jhy; Ma[j vGj;jhfpwJ (`)/ ,e;j
K:d;W g[s;spfisa[k; xd;W nrh;j;jhy; Ω khlk; Mfpd;wJ/
,ijna g[Ut ikak; vd;Wk;. rpw;rig. kfhnkU. yyhlk;.
Kr;re;jp. Kg;ghH; vd;bwy;yhk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;fs;/ jpUepiy
vd;gJ rpw;rig vd;gJjhd; vd tps';Ffpd;wJ/
Kjy; 336 thpfis mftypd; Kd;Diuahff; bfhs;s
KofpwJ/ mftypd; filrp thpapy; cyfpdpy; caph;fSf;FWk;
,ila{bwyhk; tpyf vd;W Twpa[s;sJ nghy; 336tJ thpapy;
cybfyhk; gut vd; cs;sj;jpUe;nj myfpyh xsp bra;
mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd;fpwhh;/
jhd; XjhJ czh;e;jij 23. 24 thpfspy;
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;/ 102tJ thpapy; kuzj;ij ePf;ff;ToaJ
rpw;rigna vd;W mwptpf;fpd;whh;/ 115tJ thpapypUe;J 126tJ
thpfs; tiua[s;s bjhlh;g[ kpft[k; Ma;t[f;FhpaJ/ jpl njfKk;
nghfKk; moaUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; vd;W 182tJ thpapy; Twpa
ek;bgUkhdhh; mLj;j thpapy; Jhpa Rfk; md;gUf;nf

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

fpilf;Fk; vd;fpwhh;/ moahUf;Fk; md;gUf;Fk; cs;s

ntWghl;il mtrpak; mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/
fUk rpj;jp. nahf rpj;jp. "hd rpj;jp vd;W
tifg;gLj;jpaJld; rpj;jp vd;gJ epiynrh;e;j mDgtk;
vd;Wk; Kj;jp vd;gJ epiy Kd; cW rhjdk; vd;Wk;
tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/
ek; bgUkhdhh; ehtpny ey; mKjj;ija[k;. mtuJ
iffspy;. ,y;iy. vd;dhJ vija[k; tH';ff;Toa
fw;gfj;ija[k;. mtuJ fz;fspny fjph; eyj;ija[k;. mtuJ
mwptpny mUs; xspiaa[k;. mtuJ kdjpny giu xspiaa[k;
mspj;jJld; vy;yhr; rj;jpfSk; tps';Fk; Mw;wiya[k;
,iwtd; mspj;jij btspg;gLj;jp mtiu tz';Ffpd;nwhh;
vd;d ngW bgw;wtnuh vd kiyf;f itf;fpwhh;/
gphptpd;wpj; jd;Dld; ,iwtd; fye;jija[k;. ,e;j
cyfpy; vijf; fz;Lk; m";r ntz;lhk; vd;W ,iwtd;
mgak; mspj;jija[k; btspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;/ mLj;j thpapy;
khz;L cHyhtif jd;id ,stajpnyna ,iwtd;
Ml;bfhz;lij btspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;/
gw;Wfs; midj;jpida[k; gw;wwj; jtph;j;njd;. rkak;
Fyk; Kjypa rhh;g[fisa[k; tpl;L tpl;nld; vd;fpwhh;/
nehthJ nehd;g[ vidg; nghy; nehw;wtUk; v";"hd;Wk;
rhth tuk; vidg; nghy; rhh;e;jtUk; ? njth epd;
nguUis vd;nghyg; bgw;wtUk; vt;t[yfpy;
ahUsh; eP rw;nw miw/ (jpUtUl;gh 5624)

vd;W xU ghlypy; Mz;ltid tpdt[fpd;whh;/ mjw;F

,iwtd; vd;d gjpy; mspj;jhd; vd;gij 298tJ thpapy;
tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/ vd;idg; nghy; bgw;wth; ntW ahnuDk;
cz;lh vd;W ts;syhh; nfl;ljw;F cd;idj; jtpu ntW ahUk;
vdf;F ,y;iy vd;W Mz;ltd; gjpyspj;jnjhL epy;yhky;
vy;yhk; ty;y rpj;ija[k; mspj;jhdhk;/

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

vy;yhk; ty;y rpj;bjdf; fspj;J vdf;Fid

my;yhjpiybaDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (mfty; 298)
nrhjpg;gJ ,iwtDf;F tHf;fk;/ vd;idg; ngha;
nrhjpf;fyhkh> vd;dig; ghh;j;J ,uf;fg;gl;L Inah ghtk; vd;W
cd; mUisf; bfhL vd;W ntz;Lfpd;w eak; vz;zp vz;zp
,d;g[wf;ToaJ/
cd;Dila g[fH; cybfyhk; gut vd; cs;sj;jpny
,Ue;J Fiwt[glhJ xsp jUthahf vd;W ntz;Lfpd;whh;/
mftypy; cs;s ea';fs; ,dp M';fh';nf ,ad;wtiu
ghh;f;fyhk;/
cyfpdpy; caph;fl;F cWk; ,ila{bwyhk; tpyf eP
mile;J tpyf;Ff kfpH;f vdj; jdf;F ,iwtd;
Mizapl;ljhf mwptpf;fpwhh;/ ,iwtd; Miz mJthdhy;
ehk; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;> ek;Kila Fiwfis
ts;syhhplky;yth Twpg; gpuhh;j;jid bra;a ntz;Lk;/
mg;nghJjhnd Mz;ltdpd; fl;lisg;go ts;syhh; ek;
Fiwfis ePf;Fthh;/ ek;Kila Fiwfs; eP';f ,Jnt tHp
? rpwe;j tHp ? ,uf;fnk cUthd ts;syhh; nrhjid vJt[k;
bra;ahky; ehk; bra;a[k; jtWfisg; bghUl;gLj;jhJ
md;idnghy; mUis Cl;Lthh;/
,e;jg; g[j;jfk; btsptu ntz;Lk; vd;w jPuhj Mtypy;
jd; rf;jpf;Fk; kPwpg; bghUSjtp g[hpe;j midth;f;Fk; ek;
bgUkhdhhpd; ey;yUs; Jiz epw;gjhf/
thH;j;Jiu mDg;gp itj;j jtj;jpU F';fpypak;
Rthkpfl;Fk; vdJ gzpthd te;jd';fs;/
,g;g[j;jfk; mr;rhtjw;F ey;y Kiwapy; bghWika[ld;
D.T.P. bra;j jpU/ Rfe;juh$d; mth;fl;Fk;. rpwe;j Kiwapy;
mr;rpl;l rpth mr;rf chpikahsh; jpU/ D. jl;rpzhK:h;j;jp
mth;fl;Fk; vdJ ,ja';fdpe;j ed;wp chpj;jhFf/

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

,e;jg; g[j;jfj;ij ek; bgUkhdhhpd; jpUtofl;Fr;

rkh;g;gpf;fpd;nwd;/

thH;f ts;ssyhh; mUs;/

K/ ghY

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

mUl;bgU";n$hjp ! mUl;bgU";n$hjp !
jdpg;bgU';fUiz ! mUl;bgU";n$hjp !

y
vy;yh caph;fSk; ,d;gw
[ ;W thH;f !

ts;syhh; mwepiyak;
"hdhrphpah;
rhJ F';fpypak;
gH/ rz;Kfdhh;. njjp 09?01?1999
ts;syhh; mwepiyak;
bgz;zhlk;?606 105

,uhkyp';f FUuhau; bghd;do

,td; g[d; Ko nky; !

mzpe;Jiu

jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;sy; bgUkhdhh; jpUtha; kyh;e;j 1596

thpfs; bfhz;l mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; bghJthfj; jkpH;r;
rhd;nwhh;fSf;Fk; rpwg;ghfr; rd;khh;f;fpfSf;Fk; caph;eho
nghd;wJ/

jpUtUl;gh MW jpUKiwfisa[k; xU clk;ghf

cUtfk; bra;jhy; @ mfty; @ jiyg; gFjpahFk;/
mUl;ghtpd; rhuhk;rKk; jpUmfty;jhd;/ g[uhz ,jpfhrf;
fUj;Jf;fs; mQqtst[k; ,y;yhky; tp";"hdf; fUj;Jf;fis
,k;kpa[k; tplhJ jpUtha; kyh;e;jjhFk;/

mfty; ciu fhz;gJ fy;tpawptpdhy; kl;Lk; ,ayhJ/

gog;gwpt[ ghjpf; fpzW jhz;oajhfnt Koa[k;/ mUs;
Jizapd;wp mftiyj; jPz;l KoahJ/ vt;tst[f;bft;tst[
vspikahd gFjpfs; cs;snjh mt;tst[f;ft;tst[ mUikahd

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

mDgt mwpt[ ,y;yhky; beU';f Koahj gFjpfSk; kpf kpf

cs;sd/

xU ghid nrhw;Wf;F xU @nrhW@ gjk; ghh;j;jhny

nghJkhdJ nghy

g[weLbthL fil g[dh;g;gpj;J xUKjy;

mwKw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (513 thp)

vd;w thpapd; ciuia ,';F kPz;Lk; brhy;y

ntz;Lbkd;gjpy;iy/ E}ypd; cs;ns mfty; ciuia ghh;j;J
goj;Jg; g[hpe;J. czh;e;J kfpH ntz;Lfpnwd;/ ,e;j ciu
ehd;ife;J tUlkhfnt *rj;tprhu* tlY}h; Tl;lj;jpy; bjspthf
gyUila nfs;tpfSf;F gjpyhf Iak; jphpgwf; fhzg;gl;lJ
mfty; ciu btsp tu gy ehs; fhQqk; vd Twg;gl;lJ/
,e;j ciu ,g;nghJ btsptUtJ tpiut[ vd;nw brhy;yyhk;/
ts;sy; bgUkhd; Jizapd;wp vGjg;bgwhJ mr;R Vwt[k;
KoahJ/ ts;sy; bgUkhidj; jtpu ntW bja;tk; xd;W Tl
jpU/ K/gh/ mth;fSf;F ,y;iy/ ,tUila KGg; bgah; K/
ghyRg;gpukzpak; vd;gijr; RU';fr; brhy;yp *K/gh/* vd;Wk;
*re;epjhdk;* vd;Wk; miHg;gJz;L/ mUl;ghtpw;F ciu brhy;y
Kad;why; ntW E}iyg; ghh;j;J brhy;y KoahJ/
mUl;ghtpnyna jpisj;jhy; xhplj;jpy; gjpy; fpilj;JtpLk;/
g{l;Lk; rhtpa[k; mUl;ghtpnyna cs;sJ/ re;epjhdj;jpw;F xU
jpUf;Tl;lnk cs;sJ/ thHao thiHbad te;j jpUf;Tl;l
vd;w thpapy; jpUf;Tl;lj;jpw;F ciu fhz vg;go @jk;ik
kwe;J mUsKjk; cz;L njf;Fk;@ vd;w kfhnjt khiy
ghlypy; tUk; jpUf;Tl;lk; vd;w brhy; ekf;Ff; ifbfhLj;J
bjspt[ bra;fpwnjh mg;go ,tUila ciuapny MH;e;J
MH;e;J KGfpdhy; mUikahd Kj;Jf;fs; Fspf;fyhk;/
K/gh/ mth;fs; kpft[k; mlf;fkhdth;fs;/ ijg;g{r
tpHhtpw;Fr; brd;idapy; ,Ue;J bjhlh;e;J 20 Mz;Lfshfg;
ghj ahj;jpiuahf tlY}Uf;F eil nghLfpwhh;/ ,jpy; gy
mDgtk; cs;s jpUf;Tl;lj;jhUk; cz;L/ rpy Mz;LfSf;F

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mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ciu

Kd; xUKiw brd;idapy; ,f;Tl;lj;ij bjhl';fp itj;Jk;

kw;bwhU Kiw gz;Ul;oapy; vjph;bfhz;L miHj;Jk;
kfpH;e;jJz;L/
Jzpe;J vdf;Fk; fUiz bra;j Jiuna vd;W
gzpe;jwpnad; vdj; bjhl';Fk; ghlypy; Twpago jpU/ K/gh/
mth;fSf;Fj; Jzpe;J jhd; cs;sgo ,e;j ciuia vGJk;
Jzpr;riyj; je;J bgUk; Jizaha; ,Ue;jjhy; E}ypd; ciu
M';fh';nf kpd;dy; je;J gspr;rpLfpwJ/
E}yhrphpaiuj; bjhpahj rd;khh;f;fpfs; ,y;iy/ ts;sy;
mUs; flypy; epj;jKk; epkplKk; ePuhLk; bgw;wpahh;/
btz;gh
K:g;gh/ vd tH';Fk; K:jwp"r; rd;khh;f;fp
rhg;ghL nghLkpr; rhy;g[iu ? njhg;ghd
kf;fs; mUs; grpf;F kh tpUe;nj ? kf;fhs; ePh;
rpf;fdnt bfhs;tPh; rpwe;J

(gH/ rz;Kfk;)

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