* -

.
( I
-1

15
5
2,15 25
12 23

4+16
3 5
3
2

.............. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
`
} ` = {0;1; 2;3; 4;5............

* - 0
*
* - `
} `* = {1; 2;3; 4;5............

27
24
; `.....
; *`2.....`* ; 0....`* ; 5....` ; 3.....
`.....
2
3
-2

-1 41 65
-2 P I

2 3....P ; 4 17....P ; 4 17....I ; 0....I ; 0...P ; 5 13...I
-3 a b c d
) (
a+c ; c+d ; a+b

a
k a = 2k
a k
a = 2k + 1

........ 8 6 4 2 0
........ 9 7 5 3 1

* -
* -

-1 n
2
) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2 4n + 4n + 1

)n ( n + 1
-2 n m m ; n
1

 m + n m n

n * -1 n + 1
) n ( n + 1
* ) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2 ) = 3 ( n + 1 ) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2 n + 1

n ) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2
n ) n + ( n + 1) + ( n + 2

* 4n 2 + 4n + 1 = 2 ( 2n 2 + 2n ) + 1 ` ) ( 2n 2 + 2n 4n 2 + 4n + 1

n -2 m m ; n
m + n m n
) ( m n
* ) ( m n k ` m n = 2k 2n
) m + n = 2k + 2n = 2 ( k + n ` k + n m + n
* ) ( m n k ` m n = 2k + 1 2n
m + n = 2k + 2n + 1 = 2 ( k + n ) + 1 ` k + n m + n
m + n m n
(II
(A
-1
1
-1
75
50
24
2
3
5
11

33

121

999

211

2210

-2 2 3 311
2
6 9


) 6 9 . 18
6 9 (18
2
n
; n=7
- n 2 1 8 n = 5 ; n = 3 ; n = 1
- n 2 1 8 n

- n k ` n = 2k + 1
) n 2 1 = ( n 1)( n + 1 )n 2 1 = 4k ( k + 1
) k ( k + 1 ) (

' k ` ' k ( k + 1) = 2k ' n 2 1 = 8k

n 2 1 8

 -2
a b b
a b k a = bk

1775 25 20 15 10 5 0 5
22 4
* -3 *` b
b kb ` k
* 0 k = 0

*
* 0 0
-4

a b
a b
a b ) PPCM ( a; b

PPCM ( 4;9 ) = 36

PPCM ( 6;10 ) = 30

(B
-1
90 126 90 126
-2
a b b
b a k a = bk
: b a a b
a b
1 1
1
0
-3

a b
a b
) PGCD ( a; b

PGCD (126;90 ) = 18

PGCD ( 4;9 ) = 1

(III
-1

) (40
40 37 31 29 13 19 17 13 11 7 3 2
-2
)(
( n 2 ) n

41
3
2
72 72 = 8 9 = 2 3


a
a " " a

1344 319 24
24 = 8 3 = 23 3 319 = 11 29
1344 = 4 4 4 21 = 26 3 7
) (
a
a b
b
.......
.1

2
2
2
2
2
2
3
7

1344
672
336
168
84
42
21
7
1

1344 = 26 3 7
-3 ) (
1

. .
1

. .
PPCM ( a; a ) = a
PPCM ( a;1) = a PGCD ( a; a ) = a PGCD ( a;1) = 1
:
) PPCM ( 84; 216 ) PGCD ( 84; 216

)PPCM ( 35;121) PGCD ( 35;121

* a b a b
a a
b
a . b
* a b a b
b b
a
a . b

* a
2

p . p a
a a
a a