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= = menit
n
m
slope
00158 . 0 log = e k
1
00364 . 0
log
00158 . 0
= = menit
e
k
023 . 10 0
0
= = = C C t
t
e C
00364 . 0
023 . 10
=
Intercept :
Persamaan kecepatan reaksi :
METODE LEAST SQUARE
(Metode Kuadrat terkecil)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Y
X
1
v
2
v
i
v
v
n
v
i
Y
_
i
Y
2 2
) (
i i i
Y Y v = = minimum
2
cX bX a Y + + =
2
1 1 1
cX bX a Y + + =
2
2 2 2
cX bX a Y + + =
2
i i i
cX bX a Y + + =
2
n n n
cX bX a Y + + =
.
.
.
.
.
.
Harga
sebenarnya
) (Y
Harga
terukur
) (Y
(1)
(2)
i i i
Y Y v =
i i i i
Y cX bX a v + + = ) (
2
LEAST SQUARE = JUMLAH
KUADRAT PENYIMPANGAN
ADALAH MINIMUM
=
=
= + + + =
n i
i
n
imum v v v v
1
2 2
2
2
1
2
1
min ...
) , , ( ) (
2
1
2
c b a F Y cX bX a
i
n i
i
i i
= + +
=
=
(3)
(4)
(5)
Harga numerik pers (4) minimum jika:
0 =
c
c
a
F
0 =
c
c
b
F
0 =
c
c
c
F
0 ) ( 2
1
2
= + + =
=
=
n i
i
i i i
Y cX bX a
= + + 0
2
i i i
Y X c X b na
0
) (
1
2 2
=
c
+ + c
=
c
c
=
=
a
Y cX bX a
a
F
n i
i
i i i
0 ) ( 2
1
2
= + + =
=
=
n i
i
i i i i
X Y cX bX a
= + + 0
3 2
i i i i i
Y X X c X b X a
0 ) )( ( 2
1
2 2
= + + =
=
=
n i
i
i i i i
X Y cX bX a
= + + 0
2 4 3 2
i i i i i
Y X X c X b X a
(7)
(6)
0
) (
1
2 2
=
c
+ + c
=
c
c
=
=
b
Y cX bX a
b
F
n i
i
i i i
0
) (
1
2 2
=
c
+ + c
=
c
c
=
=
c
Y cX bX a
c
F
n i
i
i i i
0 = + = c bX a Y
HARGA a, b, dan c DIHITUNG DARI PERSAMAAN
(5), (6), dan (7)
LINEAR :
Pers. (5)
= + 0
i i
Y X b na
n
X b Y
a
i i
=
n
X
X
n
Y X
Y X
b
i
i
i i
i i
=
2
2
) (
Pers. (6)
= + 0
2
i i i i
Y X X b X a
= +
|
|
.
|
\
|
0
2
i i i i
i i
Y X X b X
n
X b Y
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 2 4 6 8 10
x
Y
-5.5
Y = aX + b
m
n
20 , 5
4 6
6 , 15 26
=
=
n
m
Y = 5.20X - 5.5
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y 2.5 5.6 10.5 12.5 16.4 24.6 33.1 37.1 42.6
X Y XY X^2
1 2.5 2.5 1
2 5.6 11.2 4
3 10.5 31.5 9
4 12.5 50 16
5 16.4 82 25
6 24.6 147.6 36
7 33.1 231.7 49
8 37.1 296.8 64
9 42.6 383.4 81
45 184.9 1236.7 285
n
X b Y
a
i i
=
n
X
X
n
Y X
Y X
b
i
i
i i
i i
=
2
2
) (
203 . 5
9
) 45 (
285
9
) 9 . 184 )( 45 (
7 . 1236
2
=
= b
47 . 5
) 45 )( 203 . 5 ( 9 . 184
=
=
n
a
Y = 5.203X - 5.47
X 0 1 2 3 4
Y 0.5 7.5 18 33.4 52.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5
X
Y
x y x^2 x^3 x^4 xy X^2.y
0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
1 7.5 1 1 1 7.5 7.5
2 18 4 8 16 36 72
3 33.4 9 27 81 100.2 300.6
4 52.5 16 64 256 210 840
10 111.9 30 100 354 353.7 1220.1
= + + 0
2
i i i
Y X c X b na
= + + 0
3 2
i i i i i
Y X X c X b X a
= + + 0
2 4 3 2
i i i i i
Y X X c X b X a
( 5 )
( 6 )
( 7 )
5a +10b +30c 111,9 = 0
10a +30b +100c - 353,7 = 0
30a +100b +354c 1220,1 = 0
( 5 )
( 6 )
( 7 )
a = 0.557
b = 4.675
c = 2.078
2
078 . 2 675 . 4 557 . 0 X X Y + + =