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Elsewhere, we can learn quantitatively the effects of pressure and thermodynamic temperature on gas volume, we can return to the relation between volume and amount of substance. Avogadro's law tells us that at constant P and T, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas. Boyle's law says that volume is inversely proportional to pressure,and Charles' indicate s that volume is directly proportional to temperature. These three laws may all be applied at once if we write
Equation (2) applies to all gases at low pressures and high temperatures and is a very good approximation under nearly all conditions. The value of R, the gas constant, is independent of the kind of gas, the temperature, or the pressure. To calculate R, we rearrange Eq. (2):
and substitute appropriate values of P, V , n, and T. The molar volumes of several gases at 0C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (101.3 kPa) were close to 22.4 liters (22.4 dm3). Substituting into Eq. (3),
PV = nRT
(4)
This is called the ideal gas equation or the ideal gas law. With the ideal gas equation we can convert from volume of a gas to amount of substance (provided that P and T are known). This is very useful since the volume, pressure, and temperature of a gas are easier to measure than mass, and because knowledge of the molar mass is unnecessary. Example: 6.2 liters of an ideal gas are contained at 3.0 atm and 37 C. How many moles of this gas are present?
Step 2 Derived the formula PV=nRT to get the formula for the mole. PV=nRT n=PV RT RT RT Step 3 Solve ideal gas law for number of moles n = PV / RT n = ( 3.0 n = 0.75 mol atm x 6.2 L ) / ( 0.08 L atm /mol K x 310 K)
Mm=gRT Pv P=pressure measured in atmosphere V= volume measured in Liters R= constant, its value is 0.0821 L atm/ K mol T=temperature measured in Kelvin G= mass Mm=molar mass If the molar mass is given and the volume is missing, you will just derive a formula to get the volume. Mm=gRT Pv gRT=MmPV MmP MmP V=gRT MmP gRT=MmPV
T=298K what is
V=gRT
the
MmP
*Remember R is constant it has a value of 0.0821 V=3000(0.0821)(298) . 44(3.0) V= 560 L V=600 L (since there is only one significant figure)