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PMR SCIENCE TIPS 2013

Pusat Tuisyen DPermai

PMR Science form 3


1. Diagram 1 below shows the respiratory system of a human.
a) i. Label the diagram in the table below

1.
3.
5.
7.
10.

2.
4.
6.
9.
11

a) ii. What is structure number 8 is made up of and what is structure number 8 is called?
_____________________________________________________________________
b) i. Write down the flow of air during exhalation process
_____________________________________________________________________
c) Cigarette smoking is harmful to lungs. Name three substances that is harmful and what
does it causes?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
d) Name two important body structures of human that protects the respiratory system
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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2. Diagram below shows a structure of alveolus.

a) i. Label the structures above with the words below.


Bronchiole

Alveolus

Blood Capillary

ii. Name the gaseous that diffuse in and out of blood capillary:
1. Gas that is diffused in ____________________________________
2. Gas that is diffused out __________________________________
b) i. State 3 characteristics of alveolus
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii. Why the alveolus has adopted these characteristics?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c) How can the heat from cigarette smoke affect the alveolus?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
d) Name two diseases related to cigarette smoking?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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3. Diagram below shows an experiment to test the content cigarette smoke.

a) i. When the pump is turned on, what happens to the cotton wool?
_________________________________________________________________________
ii. What is the substance in the cigarette smoke that causes the cotton wool to change?
_________________________________________________________________________
b) i. What happens to the universal indicator?
_________________________________________________________________________
ii. What is the substance that causes the universal indicator to change colour?
_________________________________________________________________________
c) i. One of the important apparatus is not fixed in this experiment. State the apparatus which
is missing
________________________________________________________________________
ii. What substance in the cigarette smoke that causes addiction and cancer?
Addiction: ______________________________________________
Cancer:_________________________________________________

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4. Diagram below shows the process of inhaling and exhaling.

a) i. Explain how inhaling process is done


________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
ii. Explain how the exhaling process is done
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b) i. Explain how does the gaseous exchange happens between the alveolus and blood
capillaries
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
ii. Write down the equation for the cellular respiration
_______________________________________________________________________

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5. Diagram below shows a model of a bell jar that represents the model of respiratory
system

a. Match and write the correct name for the structure above
Lungs
Rubber sheet
Trachea
b. Using the bell jar experiment, explain what will happen to the structure that
represents the lungs if we pull the rubber sheet down
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c. Explain what will happen to the structure that represents lungs if we push the
rubber sheet up
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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6. Diagram below shows a cross section of a humans heart.

a) i. Label the above diagram correctly with the words in the table below
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary Vein
Pulmonary Artery
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Semilunar Valve
Septum
ii. Use the arrow design below to draw the flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in
the heart.
Oxygenated blood
Deoxygenated blood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b) i. Why does the ventricle wall is thicker then the walls of atrium?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ii. What is the function of the structure septum?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c) What is the function of valve?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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7. Diagram below shows a cross section of two types of valve that present in human body.

a) i. Name the valves below:


A:______________________________
B:______________________________
ii. State the function of structure A and structure B:
Structure A:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Structure B:
b) State two different in terms of their characteristic between structure A and
structure B
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c) Name the structure that connects between structure A and structure B
_____________________________________________________________________
d) State two characteristics mentioned in 7c.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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8. Diagram below shows the double circulatory system of a human

a) i. What are the types of circulatory does this double circulatory consist of?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
ii. State the function of these circulatory systems
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b) What are the advantages of animals having double circulatory system?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c) The gaseous exchange happens in the lungs and in body cells. What is the name of
the cells that carries the oxygen and explains how it is transported from alveolus to
the body cells?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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9. Diagram below shows blood tissue with its respective cells and its functions.

a) i. Label the above diagram with its respective cell name.


ii. List five substances that exist in the blood plasma
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b) What is the protein in the cells that helps to carry oxygen
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c) What will this structure turn in to if it combines with oxygen on carbon monoxide?
Oxygen :____________________________________________
Carbon monoxide: ________________________________________
d) State one more function of blood tissue for mammals
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
e) What will happen to an individual if he or she has lost allot of blood?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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10. Table below shows a set of recipient and donors of blood.

a) Complete the table above by marking + or to indicate the compatibility or incompatibility


of blood between the donor and recipient.
b) A person with a blood group O are also known as
__________________________________________________________________________
c) A person with a blood group AB are also known as
__________________________________________________________________________
d) What will happen to a person with blood group A if his blood is mixed with blood group AB
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
e) What is the term used to describe the transferring of blood from on person to another?
___________________________________________________________________________

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11. Diagram below shows a plant that conducts a specific process

a) i. What is the name of this process?


_____________________________________________________________________
ii. What are the factors that affect the rate of this process?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b) i. What will happen if the plant is taken out from the soil and placed on a dry beaker
and left it for 4 days without water supply?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c) Name the vessel that transports water and mineral salts from the root to the shoot
of the plant
____________________________________________________________________
d) i.
Name the structure that allows the water to be evaporated from the leaves
____________________________________________________________________
ii.
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The opening and closing of the structure is controlled by


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______________________________________________________________
12. Diagram below shows the cross section of the root and stem of a dicotyledonous plant.

X:_______________________________

Y:_______________________________

a) i. Name the structure X and Y in the space provided above


ii. Label the location of xylem and phloem vessels on both the structures
b) i. If the root of the plants is placed in a water that is red in colour. Which structure will
be coloured red?
________________________________________________________________________
ii. State your reason for the answer in b) i
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
c) What is the function of the structure phloem?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
d) Tree girdling is a method to kill a plant. Explain how this process is done and how it
affects the tree?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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13. Diagram below shows the structure of female reproductive system.

a) Name the structures labelled W, X, Y and Z.


W:___________________________________________
X:____________________________________________
Y:____________________________________________
Z:____________________________________________
b) Define fertilisation process
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c) Which one of these structure does the fertilisation process occurs
___________________________________________________________________________
d) Name the two types of hormones that is involved in the secondary sexual development of
females
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
e) Name the surgical method that is conducted to prevent pregnancy for female and male
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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14.

a) i. What is the use of the flagellum or also known as the tail for the sperm?
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
ii. How many sperm is needed to fertilise the ovum cell?

iii.

Name the hormone that develops the secondary sexual development in


males
______________________________________________________________

b) Diagram below show the menstruation cycle in female reproductive system

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i.

Based on the above diagram name the process that happens during each phases below.
Day 1 Day 5 :____________________________________________________________
Day 6 Day 12:___________________________________________________________
Day 13 Day 15 __________________________________________________________
Day 16 Day 28:__________________________________________________________

ii.

What happens to the uterus lining after day 16th if fertilisation process happened during
day 14th?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

iii.

Why females should maintain their hygiene level from day 1 until the 5th day ?
________________________________________________________________________
c) What are the physical methods to prevents pregnancy
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d) Diagram below show a foetus in mothers womb

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i.

What is the function of placenta and umbilical cord?


______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

ii.

What are the structures that protect the baby from receiving shocks?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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15. Diagram below shows several asexual reproduction diagrams.

P:

R:
Q:

S:

S:
a) i. Label P,Q,R and S with its appropriate asexual method of reproduction
ii. State two advantage of asexual reproduction
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b) Give another example of organism that does the same asexual reproduction with
organism S.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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Pusat Tuisyen DPermai

16. Diagram below shows the reproductive structure of a flower.

a. i.
ii.

Label the structure above


Name the male reproductive system of the flower

_________________________________________________________
iii.

Name the female reproductive system of the flower

_________________________________________________________
b)

Diagram below shows several pollination process of a flowering plant

i.

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Name the type of pollination for the labelled numbers above.


1._____________________________
2._____________________________
3._____________________________

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ii.
State the advantage of the pollination type number 3
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
c) Diagram below shows a process of seed germination from fertilisation of male and
female gametes of a flowering plant.

i.

Why is this process is known as double fertilisation


________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

ii.

How did the endosperm and embryo was formed


________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
d) Diagram below shows two types of seed germination process

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i.

Name the type of germations


Type A:_______________________________
Type B: _______________________________

ii.

Does the seed conduct photosynthesis process? Why?


______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

17. Diagram below shows the growth curve of human.

a. i.
ii.

iii.
iv.

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Label all the phases above


Which phase shows the rapid growth of both the genders
_____________________________________________________________
During which phase the females will look taller and bigger than males
_____________________________________________________________
What are the types of nutrition that the child from will need to consume
more?
_____________________________________________________________

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18. Diagram below shows a reaction between a metal and acid.

a. Through this reaction gas X is collected in a test tube. Name Gas X


______________________________________________________________________
b. Write the reactions equations in words
i.
_______________________________________________________________
ii.
How can we test gas X and what will be the result.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c. What are the products of reaction between Magnesium Carbonate and heat?
___________________________________________________________________________
d. How can we produce a lime water in laboratory?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
e. Silicon is tested with water, acid and heat. What are the results for each of these tests?
__________________________________________________________________________
f.

Give two example of metal silicates

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
19. Diagram below shows an experiment to observe the reactivity rates of metals with
oxygen .

a. In the test tube, three crucible are filled with three different type of metals
i.
State the function of potassium manganate (vii) crystals
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
ii.

iii.

iv.

If metal X reacted faster than metal Y, and metal Z reacted faster than metal X, write
down the examples of metals in the space provided below.
X
Y
Z
Write down the word equation for metal Y for the reaction that had happened in the
experiment.
_____________________________________________________________________
Name the gas formed in the other test tube
_____________________________________________________________________

b. Magnesium sulphide is heated. The gas released by this reaction can be tested by using
which solution? State the result of this experiment
_______________________________________________________________________
c. Give three examples of natural calcium carbonate
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
d. State one use of quick lime and slake lime each.

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

20. Diagram below shows a series circuit

a. Draw an arrow to show the direction of the current flow in the diagram above.
b. Calculate the total resistant of this series circuit

c. If the resistant is replaced with three identical bulbs, state the brightness of each of
the bulbs
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d. State two advantage of series circuit
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
e. State two disadvantage of this circuit
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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21. Diagram below shows a parallel circuit.

a. Calculate the total resistant of this circuit

b. Draw a voltage meter and an ampere meter in any location on the circuit above.
c. What is the total current value of this circuit

d. State two advantage of this circuit


_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
e. State two disadvantage of this circuit
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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22. Diagram below shows an experiment to create magnetic field using electricity

a. What type of current is used in this experiment?


_____________________________________________________________________
b. Draw an arrow to indicate the current flow in the diagram above
c. State the direction of magnetic field created

d. Label the north and south poles created by the magnet on the diagram above.
e. What is the scientific term used to describe this study?
_________________________________________________________________
f.

State one use of this phenomena in industry


_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

g. Formation of lightning is due to?


_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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23. Diagram below shows how the electricity is produced and how the current flows in to
industrial areas, offices and resident does.

a. State the name of transformer X and Transformer Y.


_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b. State the function of transformer X
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c. List down one difference in terms of its characteristics of transformer X and
transformer Y.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d. Label the diagram below

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e. If an electrical appliance needs a current flow of 12A. What will be the value of the
fuse used in the three Pin Plug?
_____________________________________________________________________
f.

What is the function of a fuse?


_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

g. Diagram below shows the amount of power used per month.

Calculate the electricity bill if one unit is equals to 0.30 cents.

h. If an oven uses 800 Watt and the voltage supplied is 240V, Calculate the curre
24.
a. What is the name of the galaxy that is nearest to our galaxy
_______________________________________________________________
b.
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Below is a structure of our sun


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c. Name the process in P that produces light and heat energy


_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d. Q is one of the phenomenon that occurs on the surface of the sun. Label this
phenomenon on the diagram.
e. R and Q are phenomenon on the sun name on effect of this phenomenon to our
earth
____________________________________________________________________
f.

What are the uses of constellation of stars for humans


_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

g. Diagram below shows the formation and the death of a star. What is Q, R and S

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Answering technique
The PMR science exam consists of two papers:
Paper 1 (40 marks)
40 objective questions.

One hour to complete the paper.

Cover all 27 Science topics from Form One to Form Three.

There will be at least one question from each topic.

The questions are broken down into:

50% easy questions; that is about 20 questions.

30% moderate questions; that is about 12 questions.

20% difficult question; that is about eight questions.


Paper 2 (60 marks)

Section A consists of six questions for 40 marks.

Section B consists of two questions for 20 marks.

Only questions from selected topics will be asked.

Answers can be written all in English or all in Bahasa Melayu or a


combination of both language [Please do not combine both languages in the
same sentence!]

You may answer part of the question in one language and the other part in
the other language.

The questions are broken down into:

50% easy questions; that is about 30 marks.

30% moderate questions; that is about 18 marks.

20% difficult questions; that is about 12 marks.

The type of questions commonly asked in Paper 2 are:

Labelling questions

Classification

Questions based on experiments

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Chemical tests
Calculation
Principles of science
Drawing
Structured questions
General questions

The last question in Paper 2 is usually question number 8, which carries 12


marks. This question will be based on an experiment where you have to write
down:

Readings [Make sure the unit of measurement you use is correct]

Variables

Constant variable [This is the fixed variable]

Manipulated variable [This is the factor that is changed in the


experiment to get the specific result. ie: Length of wire (cm)]

Responding variable [This comes from the readings or the results


of the experiment. ie: Ammeter reading]

Aim of experiment

Example: To study/investigate the relationship between the


manipulated and the responding variable.

Hypothesis

This shows the relationship between the manipulated and the


responding variable.

Writing format: When the manipulated variable


increases/decreases, the responding variable will increase/decrease.

Observation

What can be observed or what you can see.

Plot a line or bar chart

Prediction

This will be based on your graph, where you have to predict a


reading for the responding variable when given a value for the manipulated
variable.

Example of a question: From the graph, find out the value of T when
the mass is 10g.

Inference

This is the early conclusion based on your observations.


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Example: The change in the responding variable depends on the


manipulated variable.

Conclusion
This is the same as the hypothesis.

Note: It is very important to get your manipulated variable and the


responding variable correct

Example :...Question 8:
A group of students carried out an experiment, using a spring and a set of slotted
weights as shown in the diagram below, to investigate the relationship between
the length of the spring and the weight

Number of slotted weights

Extension of spring / cm

10

20

30

40

50

1.
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State the variables that are involved in the experiment


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Manipulated variable => Number of slotted weights.

Common error: Students only write weights. You must write out the
answer in full.

Responding variable => The answer should be the variable that


when changed will affect the reading.

Tutors comment: Look at the table 1, the first column is the


manipulated variable and the second column is the responding
variable.
2.

What is the aim of this experiment?

Answer: To investigate the relationship between the number of slotted


weights and the extension of the spring.
Tutors comment: It is to investigate the relationship between the
manipulated variable and the responding variable.
3.

What is the inference that you can make based on this experiment?

Answer: The extension of the spring increase because the number of


slotted weights increase.
4.
What is the relationship between the force applied to the
spring and the extension of the spring?
Answer: When the force applied to the spring increases, the extension of
the spring increases.

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5.
Based on the data, draw a graph to show the relationship between
the length of the spring and the number of slotted weights.

Tutors comment: Use a pencil when drawing the graph. If


the question did not specify which type of graph to draw, draw a
line graph.

Predict the length of the spring if 6 slotted weights are used.

Answer: 60cm
Tutors comment: Draw the corresponding lines on your graph
and get the reading from the graph.

What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment?

Answer: When the number of slotted weights increases, the


extension of the spring also increases.
Tutors comment: The conclusion will be the same as your
hypothesis, that is When the manipulated variable
increase/decreases,
the
responding
variable
will
increase/decrease.

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Diagram 8.1 shows the air pressure on the preassure gauge of a scuba divers equipment on
different depth of sea.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan tekanan udara pada tolok tekanan bagi peralatan penyelam
skuba pada kedalaman laut yang berbeza.

(a) Based on the observation in Diagram 8.1:


Berdasarkan pemerhatian pada Rajah 8.1 :
(i) State the difference in air pressure between situation P and situation Q. Nyatakan
perbezaan tekanan udara antara situasi P dan situasi Q.
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)

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Write one inference about the air pressure between situation P and situation Q.
Tulis satu inferens tentang tekanan udara antara situasi P dan situasi Q.
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

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Diagram 8.2 shows an experiment carried out by student to study the factor that affects air
pressure. The piston are pushed slowly inwards to compress the air inside the syringe. The
volume and the pressure gauge reading are recorded on Table 8.1.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan
udara. Omboh ditolak dengan perlahan ke dalam untuk memampatkan udara di dalam picagari.
Isipadu dan bacaan tolok tekanan direkodkan pada Jadual 8.1.

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Contoh soalan yang biasa ditanya ialah:


1. Menyatakan perbandingan

Contoh soalan: State one difference between............................ / Nyatakan satu


perbezaan diantara......................
Untuk menjawab soalan ini, calon mesti melihat perbezaan yang terdapat didalam
rajah dan buat perbandingan.
Contoh: Belalang dalam bekas J telah mati manakala belalang dalam bekas K
masih hidup.
Contoh: Mentol A menyala lebih terang manakala mentol B menyala dengan malap

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.....................................................manakala.............................................................
(Situasi 1)

(Situasi 2)

2. Menyatakan inferens
Sebab atau penerangan daripada pemerhatian.
Mulai PMR 2012, calon diwajibkan menggunakan perkataan kerana dan bukan lagi
bergantung kepada atau mempengaruhi atau dipengaruhi.Pemerhatian
kebiasaannya adalah pembolehubah bergerakbalas.
Contoh: Mentol A menyala lebih terang kerana rintangannya rendah.

.......................................................................... kerana
.................................................................
(Pemerhatian-RV)

(Sebab)

3. Merekod bacaan
Mengukur suatu kuantiti dari rajah dan dicatatkan di dalam jadual.
Calon mesti mempunyai kemahiran untuk mengukur dengan memberi jawapan
yang paling tepat.
Contoh: Record the time taken for the..................................
4. Meramal
Meramal suatu kuantiti dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk angka, julat atau ayat.
Contoh: Predict the time taken for the..........................
Contoh jawapan: 10s(angka) , 5 15 s(julat) , lebih daripada 5s(ayat)
5. Memplot graf atau carta bar

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Pusat Tuisyen DPermai
Markah 1:Memindahkan titik dari jadual ke graf dengan tepat
Markah 2:Menyambungkan titik-titik untuk membina garis hingga ke asalan(bagi
graf) atau melukis bar dengan tepat
6. Membuat hipotesis / hubungan
Kenyataan yang menghubungkan di antara pembolehubah manipulasi(MV)
dengan
pembolehubah bergerakbalas (RV)
Contoh: The longer the wire, the lower the current. / Semakin panjang wayar,
semakin berkurang arus.
Semakin.......................................,semakin...............................................
(MV)

(RV)

7. Menyatakan pembolehubah
Manipulated variable(MV) - pembolehubah yang boleh diubah-ubah seperti
saiz,bentuk,bilangan, suhu dan sebagainya.
Responding variable(RV) - hasil keputusan eksperimen yang dicatat
Constant variable-kuantiti yang ditetapkan agar tidak mempengaruhi keputusan
lain
Peringatan: Radas tidak boleh dipertimbangkan sebagai pembolehubah.
Contoh: Jenis radas
Cara menulis pembolehubah:
Mesti tulis parameter untuk setiap pembolehubah
Contoh: panjang spring / ketebalan spring / jisim logam / saiz bahan / isipadu
cecair / jenis spring
Jika calon tulis spring sahaja maka jawapan adalah salah.
Pembolehubah boleh dikenalpasti daripada jadual dan graf
1. Dari jadual:
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Pusat Tuisyen DPermai

2. Dari graf:

Paksi X - Manipulated variable (MV)


Paksi Y - Responding variable (RV)
8. Menyatakan definisi secara operasi
Contoh soalan: State the operational definition for rate of dissolving. / Nyatakan
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Pusat Tuisyen DPermai
definisi secara operasi bagi kadar keterlarutan.
Jawapan:
Rate of dissolving is time taken for the salt to dissolve. / Kadar keterlarutan ialah
masa yang diambil untuk garam melarut.
Cara menjawab:
Rate of dissolving is .................................................................................
(Wajib tulis semula)

(RV)

Jika calon tulis jawapan seperti berikut: is rate of dissolving ( jawapan calon adalah
salah )
Jika calon tidak pasti jawapan untuk RV maka langkah terakhir yang calon boleh
lakukan adalah dengan merujuk kepada pembolehubah bergerakbalas (RV) pada
paksi-Y dan tulis pada ruang jawapan.

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