GUIA DE TRABAJO

 Lea atentamente el texto.

 Escriba los datos más importantes en su agenda o libreta de apuntes.
 Responda los ejercicios que se proponen.

1. CONECTORES

Los conectores copulativos son aquellos que unen algo a lo ya mencionado.

1.1. A
 nd es la conjunción copulativa “y” en español. Puede unir varias palabras o
frases, ejemplos:

- He played the guitar and sang wonderful songs: El tocó la guitarra y cantó
maravillosas canciones.
- It is hard for a student to work and study at the same time: Es difícil para un
estudiante trabajar y estudiar al mismo tiempo
- I have a book, a pen and a pencil in my bag ...
- Paul and Sarah are at home...
- I work in a school. And I also work in a hospital...
- She comes here every day and we´re friends...

1.2. But es la conjunción adversativa “pero” en español y va precedida de coma

ejemplos:

- I´m hungry, but the fridge is empty...

- It´s raining a lot, but it´s warm...
- I want to go on holidays, but I don´t have any money...
- She lives in Italy, but she doesn´t speak a word of Italian...

1.3. Or es la conjunción disyuntiva “o”, que puede unir palabras o frases:

- Do you like tea or coffee?...

- I don´t like bananas, oranges or apples...
- We can go to the cinema or we can stay at home...
- They don´t work or do anything...

1.4. So es una conjunción resultativa que une oraciones (en español, por tanto, por
eso....) ejemplos:

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- It was raining, so we didn´t go out...
- I don´t have money, so I can´t go shopping...
- Mary insulted him, so he was very angry...
- We use lots of paper every day. So, we must recycle...

1.4.1. So that tiene un uso diferente (para que…), ejemplos:

- I´m buying a present for him so that he´s happy...

- She tells jokes so that we laugh...

1.4.2. B
 ecause es una conjunción causal, “porque” en español ejemplos:

- He´s cleaning the house because it´s very dirty...

- I´m taking my umbrella because it´s raining...
- They´re tired because they work many hours...

1.5. not only...but also... – “no solo...sino también” ejemplos:

- Mary plays not only the guitar but also the violin = Mary no solo toca la guitarra
sino también el violín.
- Not only is Sally disappointed at her brother but also angry at his remarks = Sally no
solo está decepcionada por su hermano sino también enfadada por su comentarios.

1.6. not only...but...as well – “no solo...sino...también”, ejemplos:

- She is not only beautiful but very intelligent as well = Ella no solo es hermosa sino
que es muy inteligente también.
- Mary and Bill not only argued, but shouted at each other as well = Mary y Bill no
solo discutían sino que se gritaban también.

1.7. both...and... – “tanto...como... / ambas cosas”, ejemplos:

- Many politicians desire both money and power = Muchos políticos desean tanto
dinero como poder.
- Bill wants both to earn more money and to work less = Bill quiere ambas cosas,
ganar más dinero y trabajar menos.

1.8. no sooner...than... – “apenas...cuando”

- The baker had no sooner turned off the oven than

the last customers arrived = El panadero apenas había apagado el horno cuando
llegaron los últimos clientes.
- I had no sooner gotten into the bathtub than the telephone rang = Apenas me había
metido en la bañera cuando sonó el teléfono.

1.9. Conectores comparativos: Se utilizan cuando una o más oraciones expresan

grados de comparación por semejanza o diferencia. Son:

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as - como
as...as - tan...como
not as...as - no tan..como
not so...as - no tan...como
as if / as though - como si
than - que

1.9.1. as – como:

- He performed the operation exactly as he was told = El ejecutó la operación

exactamente como se le dijo.
- Nobody knows that subject as I do = Nadie conoce ese tema como yo.

1.9.2. as...as - tan...como y not as...as - no tan..como

- His car is as fast as mine = Su auto es tan veloz como el mío.

- They are not as good as you think = Ellos no son tan buenos como tu piensas.

1.9.3. not so...as - no tan...como

- His second book was not so good as the first one = Su segundo libro no fue tan
bueno como el primero.
- She was not so beautiful as her mother = Ella no era tan bonita como su madre.

1.9.4. as if / as though - como si

- They treat me as if they didn't know me = Me tratan como si no me conocieran

- Bill started to spend money as though he had won the lottery = Bill comenzó gastar
dinero como si hubiera ganado la lotería.

1.9.5. than - que

- They started to have more problems than they expected = Empezaron a tener más
problemas que lo que esperaban.
- Learning English is more difficult than most people think = Aprender inglés es más
dificil que lo que la mayoría cree.

VOCABULARIO
Casa House Salón Living room
Puerta Door Recibidor Foyer
Ventana Window Comedor Dinning room
Pared Wall Dormitorio Bedroom
Suelo Floor Cuarto de baño Bathroom
Techo Ceiling Despacho Study
Tejado Roof Escaleras Staircase

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Chimenea Chimney Garaje Garage
Balcón Balcony Buhardilla Studio Apartment
Pasillo hall Cocina Kitchen

EJERCICICOS

1. Complete the text with and, but, or.

I get up at half past eight in the morning. I´m hungry ...... there isn´t any food in the
kitchen. I want milk, cereals ...... orange juice. Then, I go to the shop ...... when I get
there it´s still closed. I go back home and into the kitchen. There´s some grapefruit juice
and brown bread. ...... I don´t like grapefruit juice ...... brown bread! This is not a good
morning, so I go back to bed until the shop opens.

2. Complete with and, but, or, so, because.

1. We aren´t going to the park ...... it´s raining.

2. I don´t have any money, ...... I´ll go to the bank.
3. She doesn´t like vegetables ...... fish.
4. I need milk, butter ...... bread.
5. There´s snow on the street ...... it´s not too cold.
6. She studies a lot ...... she never passes the exams.
7. You´ve got an exam tomorrow, ...... you must study tonight.
8. I don´t go to the cinema ...... I haven´t got any money.

3. Correct the underlined word using and, but, or, so, because.

1. We don´t go to the beach but it´s cold. ......

2. They don´t like meat and fish. ......
3. It´s winter because I´m not cold. ......
4. It´s raining, or take your umbrella!. ......

4. Put the words in order.

1. accident / an / she´s / in / because / hospital / she / had.

..............................................................................................
2. but / they / many / work / don´t / hours / they / have / money / much.
..............................................................................................
3. asked / Paul / me / question, / a / replied / I / so.
..............................................................................................
4. buy / I / peppers / potatoes. / and / tomatoes,
..............................................................................................

5. Elabore dos oraciones aplicando lo aprendido de los numerales 1.5 al 1.9.5

Answers – Respuestas:

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Exercise 1:
but / and / but / but / or
Exercise 2:
1. because
2. so
3. or
4. and
5. but
6. but
7. so
8. because
Exercise 3:
1. because
2. or
3. but
4. so
Exercise 4:
1. She´s in hospital because she had an accident.
2. They work many hours, but they don´t have much money.
3. Paul asked me a question, so I replied.
4. I buy tomatoes, peppers and potatoes.