SOLAR / GREEN BUILDINGS : MINISTRYS PROGRAMMES

Dr. ASHVINI KUMAR Director Ministry of New and Renewable Energy NEW DELHI ashvinikr@nic.in ashvini_sec@yahoo.com

Background
Buildings are major consumers of energy in their construction, operation and maintenance About 50% of global energy demand is estimated to be due to buildings. Energy requirements in buildings are further increasing in developing countries with rising economy. In India, buildings accounts for 30-40% of total energy consumption.

ENERGY CONSCIOUS ARCHITECTURE addresses these issues.

Energy Conscious Architecture

It includes the following Use of solar passive concepts including daylight features in building design and operation Use of eco-friendly and less energy intensive building materials Integration of renewable energy technologies Use of energy efficient appliances Conservation of water/ waste water recycling/rain water harvesting Pioneering been done internationally and in India. However, lot more is required to be done to adopt energy conscious architecture on a widespread level in the country.

Energy Efficient Solar/ Green Buildings

Designed to provide internal comfort with much less consumption of conventional fuel; results in savings of recurring and capital costs Design depends on direction & intensity of sun & wind, ambient temperature, humidity etc. Different designs for different climatic zones.

Key features: Orientation, double glazed windows, window overhangs, thermal storage walls/ roof, roof painting, ventilation, evaporation, day lighting, construction material etc. Active solar thermal and photovoltaic systems can also be incorporated.
Additional cost could be up to 10% with annual savings of energy up to 30 to 40%.

Climatic Zones
Climate Hot and dry Mean monthly temp (oC) > 30 Relative humidity (%) < 55

Warm and humid Moderate Cold and cloudy Cold and sunny Composite

> 30 > 55 25 - 30 < 75 < 25 > 55 < 25 < 55 When six months or more do not fall within any of the above categories

As per criteria of National Building Code, Cold and cloudy and Cold and sunny have been grouped together.

Climatic zones of India

Programmes of the Ministry

The Ministry has been promoting solar passive buildings in the country for more than two decades through
Research and development activities Demonstration of solar passive buildings Supporting workshops, training programmes, orientation courses, etc. Supporting to bring out technical literature

Initial efforts (during mid-eighties) led to construction of solar passive buildings in three climatic zones of the country viz.
Houses at IIT Delhi (Composite), Hostel at Jodhpur (Hot and dry), and Extension of a dispensary at Srinagar (Cold and cloudy).

Developments under Ministrys R&D Projects

Development of tools for architecture design and simulation (TADSIM) for solar passive buildings (IIT Bombay). A study on Energy Efficient Buildings in India (TERI) A manual of Solar Passive Architecture (SEC and IIT Bombay)

Development of the course material on Solar Passive Architecture for inclusion in the curricula of Bachelor of Architecture (Council of Architects and IIT Delhi)

Developments under Ministrys Projects

Production of a set of two CDs entitled Knowledge Bank for Sustainable Buildings and Energy Efficient Buildings in India (TERI) Handbook on Energy Conscious Buildings (SEC and IIT Bombay) Assessment study for energy supply of solar passive designed buildings in Himachal Pradesh (SEC and HPSCST&E)

National Rating System for Green Buildings

Building rating systems becoming popular for promotion of green buildings. In India, US based LEED in operation. A National Rating System - GRIHA developed in association with TERI Applicable to AC/ non-AC & intermittent cooled buildings & suitable for different zones of the country Developed & modified through interactions with all stakeholders. Compatible with NBC 2005 & ECBC 2007 System to help in assessing predicted performance of buildings over their entire life cycle Operates on 100 point marking system. 43 points pertain to energy & waste management.

National Rating System for Green Buildings

Buildings to be star rated based on evaluation during pre-construction, building design and construction, and building O&M stages.
Points scored 5060 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 Rating One star Two star Three star Four star Five star

National Rating System for Green Buildings

The main aim of the programme is promotion of solar/ green buildings It is a dynamic system taking cognizance of various feed backs from live projects through
Technical Advisory Committee, which is formed to provide technical guidance on updation of GRIHA National Advisory Council, formed to advice and give directions to the National Rating System

System is incentivized by the Ministry Commercial and institutional buildings including housing complexes with minimum built area of 2500 sq. m. are covered 5 million sq. m. of built area targeted during 11th Plan

National Rating System Benefits to Owners

Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, biodiversity & reduced soil loss from erosion Reduced air & water pollution with direct health benefits Reduced water consumption Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse Increased productivity, enhanced image & marketability Projects need to be registered with GRIHA Secretariat.

Financial Support from MNRE

Seed funding for GRIHA Secretariat 90% of the fee for projects rated 3-star having built up area up to 5000 sq. m. and for projects rated 4 star having built up area above 5000 sq. m. to be reimbursed by MNRE Registration-cum-rating fee is as follows:
Project built up area
<= 5000 sq. m.

Fee
Rs. 3,14,000 (Rs. 2,50,000 for registration + Rs 64,000 for evaluation) Rs. 3,14,000 (Fixed cost for projects upto 5000 sq. m.)+ Rs. 3.75 per sq. m. over and above 5000 sq. m. built area

> 5000 sq. m.

Financial Support from MNRE

Incentives to architects/ design consultants

@ Rs. 2.50 lakh for projects upto 5000 sq. m. with minimum 3
star rating @ Rs. 5 lakh for projects > 5000 sq. m. with minimum 4 star rating

For organizing workshops and seminars for engineers, planners, builders, architects, consultants, housing financing organizations and potential users For compilation/documentation of case studies and other related information about green buildings Promotional activities upto Rs. 2 lakh Incentives to Urban Local Bodies /Awards Financial support is also available for integration of solar water heating systems, roof top SPV systems, and other renewable energy systems.

Solar Water Heating Systems

Soft loans @
2% to domestic users 3% to institutions, and 5% to commercial users

30 banks operating the scheme.

Capital subsidy equivalent to upfront interest subsidy @ Rs. 1750 per square meter of solar collector area for institutions & @ Rs. 1400 for commercial establishments. Release through SNAs. In specific cases through MCs.

Direct release to Govt Deptts./ PSUs if installed for own use. Includes ESCO mode of implementation.
For housing complexes @ Rs. 1900/ sq. m. of collector area

Participating Banks/FIs
Public Sector Banks
1. Canara bank 2. Bank of Maharashtra 3. Union bank of India 4. Syndicate bank 5. Punjab & Sind bank 6. Punjab national bank 7. Andhra bank 8. Vijya bank 9. Dena bank 10. Bank of India 11. J & K Bank 12.Oriental Bank of Commerce

NBFCs
13.IREDA
14. Nagarjuna Credits & Capital Ltd 15. SREI Infrastructure Finance Ltd

16. Bhonsale Leasing Finance Co.

17. Madhya Pradesh Financial Corp.

Private Banks
18. Ratnagar bank Ltd 19. The United Western Bank Ltd.

Rest are Co-operative banks

Roof top SPV Systems

May be installed in commercial establishments, institutions, government buildings, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals, industry and housing complexes etc. These systems could either be grid connected or without grid connectivity System capacity covered is 25 100 kWp. Smaller capacity systems (not less than 10 kWp) to be considered on case-by case basis Financial support
@ Rs 100/ Wp, subject to maximum of 40% of the system cost to non-profit making organizations @ Rs 75/ Wp, subject to maximum of 30% of the system cost to profit making organizations who can avail accelerated depriciation

Environment & Earth Science Building , IIT Kanpur

TCI Building, Haryana

Saves 64% energy Saves 82% water Produces zero waste Initial cost increases by 12% 10% saving in total cost

Hitkarini college, Jabalpur

TERI Retreat, Gurgaon

Solar chimney
CII excellence center, Bangalore ITC green center, Gurgaon BSBE building, IIT Kanpur

A Solar Housing Complex at Kolkata

Another View of a Single House