APES- Terrestrial Biomes Review

Vocabulary Understand and be able to apply each of these terms.

1. Biome: Are climatically & geographically defined as similar climatic conditions on the earth 2. Climate: The Climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as nearby water bodies and their currents 3. Rain shadow: A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of the mountain area 4. Windward: Its on the good side of the mountain and because it receives heavy rainfall and strong winds 5. Leeward: Its on the bad side of the mountain doesnt receive any rainfall and wind 6. Latitude: Is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the earths surface 7. Altitude: Defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sports, and more) 8. Primary Succession: is one of two types of biological and ecological succession of plant life, occurring in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and usually lacking soil such as a lava ow or area left from retreated glacier, is deposited. In other words, it is the gradual growth of an ecosystem over a longer period 9. Secondary Succession: As opposed to primary succession, secondary succession is a process started by an event that reduces an already established ecosystem to a smaller population of species. 10. Tropical: mean warm to hot and moist year-around often with the sense of lush vegetation 11. Temperate: temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the Polar Regions. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold. 12. Desert: An area that features this climate usually experiences less than 250mm (10 inches) per year of precipitation and in some years may experience no precipitation at all 13. Polar: Polar region receive less intensive solar radiation because the sun's energy arrives at an oblique angle, spreading over a larger area, and also travels a longer distance through the Earth's atmosphere in which it may be absorbed, scattered or reected, which is the same thing that causes winters to be colder than the rest of the year intemperate areas

Critical Thinking Read, analyze, and give complete answers to these questions.
1. Describe the rain shadow effect and explain how it can alter the climate of the windward and leeward sides of a mountain range. In a rain shadow, air is cooled as it rises and heated as it descends, often producing a wet and dry side because the water-holding capacity of the air is directly related to air temperature 50 2. What effect does living near a large ocean or lake have on average air temperatures? Why? - Explain. The closer you are, the warmer you'll be. Large bodies of water tend to store heat in warm periods and release it in cold periods. This is because the thermal capacity of water is high, meaning it takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water 3. Complete this summary chart of the land-based ecosystems.

Tropical Desert Temperate Rainforest

Equilateral, Polar Precipitation or Mid-Latitude (HIGH AND LOW SEASONAL) Mid-Latitude Low (25) Mid-Latitude High

Average Temp. (High and Low Seasonal) High Low

Example Animal and Plant Adaptions conifer trees In the autumn, deciduous trees drop their leaves to minimize water loss. cacti penguins Many grasses are wind pollinated and are wellsuited to the exposed, windy conditions of the grasslands Caribou Voles Black-tailed Jackrabbit Drip-tips on leaves help shed excess water Deer American Black Bear Goats and sheep

Temperature Desert Polar Desert Tropical Grassland

Equatorial Polar Mid-Latitude

Low Low 27

High Seasonal Seasonal

Polar Grassland Chaparral Tropical Rainforest

Mid-Latitude Mid- Latitude Equatorial

27 ? High

Low High High

Deciduous Forest Mid-Latitude Coniferous Mid-Latitude Forest (Taiga) Mountains Mid-Latitude

Low 30

Seasonal Seasonal

High

Seasonal

4. For each category of biomes, give a major human impact and list 2 endangered species: a. Deserts Global warming is increasing the incidence of drought, which dries up water holes, kangaroo rat and the desert tortoise b. Grasslands farmlands for growing crops and for rearing cattle, Asian Elephant and the Rothschild Giraffe c. Forests we have been cutting down trees to use them for paper and etc. the Amur leopard, Javan rhinoceros are two endangered forest animals d. Mountains we have blown up mountains/ dug through them as well to look for fossil fuels, coil and maybe oil