8 - Cac Lenh Dieu Khien Va Cac Vong Lap

CHUONG S
CAC LENH DEU KHEN VA VONG LAP

CHUONG S
8.1 Ionh don va Ionh phuc
8.2 Ionh II
8.3 Ionh SWITCH-CAS
8.4 Ionh WHII
8.5 Ionh O-WHII
8.6 Ionh IOR
8.7 Ionh RAK va Ionh
CONTIN!
8.8 Ionh RT!RN
8.9 Ionh COTO
8.10 Ionh RONC
aI fap cuoI chuong
S.1 LENH DON VA LENH PHUC
(8IMPLE 8TATEMENT VA COMPOUND
8TATEMENT
- Ionh don Ia mof bIou fhuc fhuoc IoaI baf ky fhoo sau no
Ia mof dau cham phay |;), do do Ionh don con duoc goI Ia
Ionh bIou fhuc.
V du: Cac Ionh sau day Ia cac Ionh don
a = a + 1;
b >>= 3;
prInff |...);
CHUONG S

8TATEMENT
-Ionh phuc bao ham mof hay nhIou Ionh don duoc bao bon
frong cap dau ngoac nhon |{ l) va duoc bo djch C xom nhu
Ia mof Ionh don.
V du: Xof Ionh If sau
If |a > 0)
{

l

i += 2;
a++;
n = a * i;
lenh phc, c xem la mot lenh
CHUONG S

8TATEMENT
Cac Ionh dIou khIon nay co fho duoc chIa ra Iam haI
nhom:
- Nhom Ionh IIon quan don vIoc ro nhanh chuong frnh: If-
oIso, svIfch-caso, gofo,...
- Nhom Ionh Iap: vhIIo, for, do_vhIIo
CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
Ionh If cho phop Iap frnh vIon fhuc hIon mof Ionh don
hay mof Ionh phuc fuy fhoo bIou fhuc dIou kIon, nou bIou
fhuc co frj khac 0 fh Ionh duoc fhuc fhI.
CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
Dung 1:
If |bIou_fhuc)
Ionh;
- bieu_thc Ia mof bIou fhuc baf ky, co
fho co hang, bIon hoac goI ham frong do
va sau cung Ia bIou fhuc nay so co frj 0
hoac 1
CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
Dung 1:
If |bIou_fhuc)
Ionh;
- lenh Ia Ionh fhuc fhI cua If, co fho Ia
Ionh don, phuc hoac Ionh rong.

CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
Dung 2:
If |bIou_fhuc)
Ionh_1;
oIso
Ionh_2;
CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
V du: Xof chuong frnh sau day
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
maIn|)
{ Inf n;
cIrscr|);
prInff |MoI nhap mof so: );
scanf |%d, &n);
If |n % 2 == 0)
prInff |"So Ia so chan `n");
prInff |"MoI ban nhan mof phIm do kof fhuc
`n");
gofch|); l
CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
maIn|)
{ Inf n; cIrscr|);
prInff |"MoI nhap mof so: "); scanf |"%d", &n);
If |n % 2 == 0)
prInff |"So Ia so chan `n"); oan co Jau cbam
pbay
oIso
prInff |"So Ia so Io `n");
prInff |"MoI ban nhan mof phIm do kof fhuc `n");
gofch|); l
CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F

If |a > 0) If |a > 0)
If |b > 0) {
c = b + a; If |b > 0)
oIso c = b a;
c = b a; l
oIso
c = b a;
CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
if |bIou_fhuc_1)
Ionh_1;
else if |bIou_fhuc_2)
Ionh_2;
else if |bIou_fhuc_3)
Ionh_3;
......
else
Ionh_n;
KhI fhuc hIon Ionh If_oIso Iong
nhau nhu fho nay cac bIou fhuc
so duoc fnh Ian Iuof fu fron
xuong duoI nou co bIou fhuc
nao khac 0, Ionh fuong ung voI
If do so duoc fhI hanh va foan
bo phan con IaI cua Ionh If-oIso
duoc bo qua.
CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
V du: Chuong frnh v du sau nhap vao mof ky fu, kIom
fra ky fu do Ia fhuong, hoa, ky so hoac ky fu kof fhuc fIIo
hay ky fu khac.
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
maIn|)
{ char c;
cIrscr|);
prInff |"Nhap mof ky fu: ");
c = gofchar|);

CHUONG S

S.2 LENH F
If |c == OI)
prInff |"a don cuoI fIIo `n");
oIso If |c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
prInff |"ky fu fhuong`n");
oIso If |c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
prInff |"ky fu hoa`n");
oIso If |c >= '0' && c <= '9')
prInff |"ky fu so`n");
oIso
prInff |"ky fu khac`n");
gofch|);
l
CHUONG S

S.J LENH SWTCH-CASE
switch |bIou_fhuc)
{
case hang_1:
Ionh_1;
broak;
case hang_2:
Ionh_2;
broak;
:
:
case hang_n:
Ionh_n;
broak;
default:
Ionh;
broak;
l
CHUONG S

S.J LENH SWTCH-CASE

CHUONG S

S.J LENH SWTCH-CASE
V du: VIof chuong frnh nhap mof frj, nou frj do chIa hof
cho 5 fh cong fhom 5 vao cho so do, nou frj do chIa cho 5
du 1 fh cong fhom 1, fuong fu cho 3, nou Ia so khac fh
bao khong fhoa.
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
maIn|)
{ Inf so;
cIrscr|);
prInff |"Nhap mof so: ");
scanf |"%d", &so);
CHUONG S

S.J LENH SWTCH-CASE
svIfch |so % 5)
{
caso 0:
so += 5;
prInff |"TrI Ia: %d`n", so);
broak;
caso 1:
so += 1;
broak;

CHUONG S

S.J LENH SWTCH-CASE
caso 3:
so += 3;
broak;
dofauIf:
prInff |"Khong fhoa`n");
broak;
l
gofch|);
l
CHUONG S

S.J LENH SWTCH-CASE
Ionh break cuoI moI caso so chuyon dIou khIon chuong
frnh ra khoI Ionh svIfch. Nou khong co broak, cac Ionh
fIop ngay sau so duoc fhuc fhI du cac Ionh nay co fho Ia
cua mof case khac.
CHUONG S

S.J LENH SWTCH-CASE
V du: Xof v du nhap fhang va nam, kIom fra so ngay
frong fhang.
svIfch |fhang)
{
caso 4:
caso 6:
caso 9:
caso 11:
so_ngay = 30;
broak;

CHUONG S

S.J LENH SWTCH-CASE
caso 2:
If |nam % 4 == 0)
so_ngay = 29;
oIso
so_ngay = 28;
broak;
dofauIf:
so_ngay = 31;
broak; l
prInff|"Thang %d nam %d co %d ngay`n", fhang, nam,
so_ngay);
CHUONG S

S.4 LENH WHLE
Co fho noI vhIIo Ia Ionh Iap co ban cua ngon ngu Iap frnh
co cau fruc, no cho phop chung fa Iap IaI mof Ionh hay
mof nhom Ionh trong khi dIou kIon con dung |fruo-fuc
khac 0). Cu phap cua Ionh vhIIo:
while (bieu-thuc) lenh

CHUONG S

S.4 LENH WHLE
CHUONG S

S.4 LENH WHLE
V du: Chuong frnh sau day so In ra man hnh 10 so
ngau nhIon fu 0 don 99.
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
#IncIudo <sfdIIb.h>>
#IncIudo <fImo.h>
maIn|)
{ Inf I = 1;
cIrscr|);
randomIzo|);
prInff |"So ngau nhIon frong khoang 0-
99 Ia: ");

CHUONG S

S.4 LENH WHLE
vhIIo |I <= 10)
{
prInff |"%d", random|100));
I++;
l
gofch|);
l

CHUONG S

S.4 LENH WHLE
Cach khac:
Inf I = 10;
cIrscr|);
randomIzo|);
prInff |"So ngau nhIon frong khoang 0-99 Ia: ");
vhIIo |I)
{
prInff |"%d", random|100));
--I;
l
CHUONG S

S.4 LENH WHLE
V du: Nhap cac ky fu cho don khI nao nhan duoc ky fu
SC co ma ASCII Ia 27 fh kof fhuc chuong frnh.
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
#dofIno SC 27
maIn|)
{
char c;
cIrscr|);
prInff |"Cac ky fu duoc nhap Ia: ");

CHUONG S

S.4 LENH WHLE
vhIIo |1)
{
c = gofcho|);
If |c == SC)
broak;
l
l
CHUONG S

S.4 LENH WHLE
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
#dofIno SC 27 maIn|)
{
char c;
cIrscr|);
vhIIo |gofcho|) - SC)
; /cnb tbuc tbi rong

l

CHUONG S

S.5 LENH DO-WHLE
Nou Ionh vhIIo cho phop kIom fra dIou kIon fruoc roI fhuc
fhI Ionh sau, nhu vay ngay fu dau ma dIou kIon da saI fh
Ionh cua vhIIo khong duoc fhuc fhI, fh Ionh Iap do-vhIIo
IaI fhuc fhI Ionh fruoc roI moI kIom fra dIou kIon sau.
Cu phap cua Ionh do-while nhu sau:
do
lenh
while (bieu_thc);

CHUONG S

S.5 LENH DO-WHLE

CHUONG S

S.5 LENH DO-WHLE
V du: VIof chuong frnh cho phop kIom fra va In ra phm
muI fon da duoc nhan.
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
#dofIno SC 27
maIn|)
{
char c;
cIrscr|);
prInff |"`n MoI an cac phIm muI fon `n");

CHUONG S

S.5 LENH DO-WHLE
do
{
c = gofch|);
If |c == 0)
{
c = gofch|);
svIfch|c)
{
caso 'H':
prInff |"an da an muI fon
Ion`n");
broak;

CHUONG S

S.5 LENH DO-WHLE
caso 'P':
prInff |"an da an muI fon
xuong`n");
broak;
caso 'K':
prInff |"an da an muI fon qua
fraI`n");
broak;
caso 'M':
prInff |"an da an muI fon qua
phaI`n");

CHUONG S

break;
} /* end switch */
}
}while (c != 27);
}

S.5 LENH DO-WHLE
CHUONG S

S.5 LENH DO-WHLE
Chu y rang moI phm muI fon khI duoc an dou sInh ra haI
ky fu: ky fu dau Iuon Ia ky fu co ma ASCII Ia 0 |fuc ky fu
N!I), ky fu fhu haI Ia cac ma ASII fuong ung voI phm,
frong v du fron fh
+ Phm muI fon Ion co ma Ia 0 va 'H'
+ Phm muI fon xuong co ma Ia 0 va 'P'
+ Phm muI fon qua fraI co ma Ia 0 va 'K'
+ Phm muI fon co ma Ia 0 va 'M'.
CHUONG S

S.6 LENH FOR
Tuong fu nhu ngon ngu PASCAI, frong ngon ngu C cung
co vong Iap for, day cung Ia mof Ionh Iap cho phop kIom
fra dIou kIon fruoc, gIong nhu vhIIo. Cu phap cua Ionh for
nhu sau:

for (bieu_thc1; bieu_thc2; bieu_thc3)
lenh
CHUONG S

S.6 LENH FOR
- bieu_thc1 co y nghIa Ia bIou fhuc do khoI dong frj dau
cho bIon dIou khIon vong for, no co fho Ia bIou fhuc gan
hay bIou fhuc phay, co fho khong co.
- bieu_thc2 co y nghIa Ia bIou fhuc cho phop kIom fra
xom vong Iap co duoc fIop fuc Iap nua hay khong.
- bieu_thc3 Ia bIou fhuc co y nghIa cho phop fhay doI
bIon dIou khIon vong Iap do vong Iap fIon dan don kof
fhuc. Iou fhuc nay duoc fnh sau khI cac Ionh fhuc fhI
frong fhan vong for duoc fhuc hIon xong.
CHUONG S

S.6 LENH FOR
CHUONG S

S.6 LENH FOR
V du: vong Iap for do fnh fong fu 1 foI n nhu sau
s = 0;
for |I = 1; I <= n; I++)
s += I;
Co fho vIof ngan gon hon nhu sau
for |I = 1, s = 0; I <= n; I++)
s += I;
CHUONG S

S.6 LENH FOR
V du: Nhap cac ky fu cho don khI nao nhan duoc ky fu
SC co ma ASCII Ia 27 fh kof fhuc chuong frnh.
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
#dofIno SC 27
maIn|)
{ char c;
cIrscr|);
for | ; |c = gofch|)) != SC;) ; l

CHUONG S

S.7 LENH BREAK VA LENH CONTNUE
ay Ia haI Ionh nhay khong dIou kIon cua C, chung cho
phop Iap frnh vIon co fho fhay doI fIon frnh Iap cua cac
cau fruc Iap ma fa da bIof: for, vhIIo, do-vhIIo.
CHUONG S

1. Lenh break
Trong cau fruc svIfch-caso, Ionh broak so kof fhuc Ionh
svIfch-caso; con frong cac cau fruc Iap fh Ionh broak cho
phop fhoaf som ra khoI vong Iap |vhIIo, for hoac do-vhIIo)
chua no ma khong can xof dIou kIon cua Ionh ko fIop sau
vong Iap.
Cu phap cua Ionh broak:
break;
CHUONG S

1. Lenh break
CHUONG S

1. Lenh break
V du:
CHUONG S

1. Lenh break
V du:
CHUONG S

2. Lenh continue
Ionh confInuo co fac dung chuyon dIou khIon chuong frnh
vo dau vong Iap chuan bj cho chu ky Iap moI, bo qua cac
Ionh con IaI nam ngay sau Ionh no frong chu ky Iap hIon
hanh. Ionh nay chI duoc dung frong cac vong Iap, do bo
qua cac Ionh khong can fhuc fhI frong vong Iap khI can
fhIof.
Cu phap Ionh confInuo:
continue;
CHUONG S

2. Lenh continue
CHUONG S

2. Lenh continue
V du:
I = 0;
vhIIo |I <= 10)
{
I ++;
If |I >= 6 && I <= 8)
confInuo;
prInff |"Trj hIon fhoI cua I Ia %d`n", I);
l
CHUONG S

2. Lenh continue
V du: VIof chuong frnh nhap mof day so, fnh fong cua
cac so duong frong day so do va fhuong so cua fong do voI
fung so duong nay.
CHUONG S

2. Lenh continue
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
maIn|)
{
doubIo a100|;
doubIo fong;
Inf I, n;
cIrscr|);
prInff |"Co bao nhIou so can fInh: ");
scanf |"%d", &n);
prInff |"Nhap cac so can fInh fong: ");
CHUONG S

2. Lenh continue
for |I = 0; I < n; I++)
scanf |"%If", &aI|);
for |I = 0, fong = 0; I < n; I++)
{
If |aI| <= 0)
confInuo;
fong += aI|;
l
prInff |"Tong cua cac so duong Ia %/. 2f`n",
fong);

CHUONG S

2. Lenh continue
for |I = 0; I < n; I++)
{
If |aI| <= 0)
confInuo;
prInff|"Thuong cua fong voI so fhu
%d Ia %5,2f`n",I,fong/aI|);
l
gofch|);
l
CHUONG S

2.S LENH RETURN
Ionh nay dung do fhoaf ra khoI ham hIon fhoI fro vo ham
da goI no, co fho fra vo cho ham goI mof frj. Ionh nay so
kof fhuc ham du no nam o dau frong fhan ham. KhI gap
Ionh nay C so khong fhuc hIon baf cu Ionh nao sau Ionh
rofurn nua. Cac cu phap cua Ionh rofurn nhu sau:
return;
return (bieu-thc);
return bieu-thc;
CHUONG S

S.S LENH RETURN
V du:
ThIof ko ham fra vo kof qua so sanh haI so fhoo quy fac
sau day:
so dau > so sau: ham fra vo frj 1
so dau = so sau: ham fra vo frj 0
so dau < so sau: ham fra vo frj -1
CHUONG S

S.S LENH RETURN
V du:
Inf so_sanh |Inf a, Inf b)
{
If |a > b)/` Ionh rofurn kof fhuc ham, fra vo frj I
cho `/
rofurn 1; /` noI da goI ham `/
oIso If |a == b)
rofurn 0; /` Tra vo frj 0 cho noI goI ham khI a
= b `/
oIso /` a < b `/
rofurn -1; /` Tra vo frj -1 cho noI goI ham khI
a < b `/
l
CHUONG S

S.S LENH RETURN
V du:
{
If |a > b) /` Ionh rofurn kof fhuc ham, fra vo frj
1 cho `/
rofurn 1; /` noI da goI ham `/
oIso If |a == b)
rofurn 0; /` Tra vo frj 0 cho noI goI ham khI
a = b `/
rofurn -1; /` Tra vo frj -1 cho noI goI ham khI a
< b `/
l
CHUONG S

S.S LENH RETURN
V du:

{
rofurn |a > b) 7 1 : |a == b) 7 0 : -1;
l
CHUONG S

S.S LENH RETURN
V du:
Chuong frnh sau dung Ionh rofurn do kof fhuc vong Iap
Iap vo fan khI dIou kIon fhoa |Ia phm SC duoc nhan).
CHUONG S

S.S LENH RETURN
V du:
#IncIudo <sfdIo.h>
#IncIudo <conIo.h>
#dofIno SC '`x1b'
voId nhan_ky_fu |voId); prototypc cua bam
maIn|)
{
char c;
cIrscr|);
prInff |"MoI ban nhap cac ky fu: ");
nhan_ky_fu |); goi bam
l
CHUONG S

S.S LENH RETURN
V du:
voId nhan_ky_fu |voId) Jjnb ngba bam
{
vhIIo |1)
If |gofcho|) == SC)
rofurn;
l
CHUONG S

S.9 LENH GOTO
Mac du khong ung ho cho vIoc Iap frnh co gofo nhung C
van co Ionh ro nhanh khong dIou kIon gofo, Ionh nay cho
phop chuyon dIou khIon chuong frnh cho mof Ionh nao do.
Cu phap cua Ionh goto:
goto nhan;
CHUONG S

S.9 LENH GOTO
VoI nhan Ia mof danh hIou khong chuan, danh hIou nay so
duoc daf o fruoc Ionh ma fa muon nhay don fhoo cu phap
sau:
nhan: lenh
nhan ma Ionh goto muon nhay don phaI nam frong cung
mof ham voI Ionh goto do, do do frong nhung ham khac
nhau co fho co cac fon nhan gIong nhau, nhung frong cung
mof ham cac fon nhan nay phaI khac nhau.

CHUONG S

S.9 LENH GOTO
V du:
Cach su dung Ionh gofo frong mof chuong frnh C
maIn|)
{
Iap_IaI: cIrscr|); ...
If ||c = gofch|)) != SC)
gofo Iap_IaI;
l
CHUONG S

S.10 LENH RONG
Trong C co khaI nIom Ionh rong, Ionh nay chI co mof dau
cham phay |;), no raf can fhIof frong nhIou fruong hop,
nhu doI voI cac vong Iap, khI fa daf cac Ionh bIou fhuc
fhuc fhI vao frong cac bIou fhuc cua Ionh fh fa khong can
co fhom Ionh fhuc fhI Iam fhan cho chung nua, khI do nou
do frong, C so hIou nham rang Ionh ko fIop so Ia fhan cua
vong Iap, do do chI con cach cho mof Ionh rong Iam fhan
cua chung.
CHUONG S

S.10 LENH RONG
V du:
Vong Iap for do fnh gIaI fhua fu 1 foI n nhu sau

for |I = gf = 1; I <= n; gf `= I++)
;
prInff |"CIaI fhua %d! = %d`n", n, gf);
CHUONG S

S.10 LENH RONG
V du:

for |I =1,s = 0; I < 10; I++) ; s += I;
prInff|"Tong Ia %d `n",s);
CHUONG S

BA TAP CUO CHUONG
1. VIof mof chuong frnh nhap 4 so va In ra
a) so Ion nhaf frong 4 so do
b) so nho nhaf frong 4 so do
2. VIof chuong frnh fm so nguyon fo fu 1 foI 100
3. Nhap mof so nguyon fu ban phm, In ra man hnh fhoo
fhu fu nguoc IaI.
V du nhap: 54321
xuaf: 12345
CHUONG S

BA TAP CUO CHUONG
4. In ra man hnh ban cuu chuong can bIof.
5. In ra man hnh cac ban cuu chuong fu 2 don 9.
6. Vo ra man hnh hnh sau:
CHUONG S

BA TAP CUO CHUONG
7. Tnh bIou fhuc sau day
a) T =1! + 2! +...+n! fhong so nhap Ia n

b) fhong so nhap Ia n

c) fhong so nhap Ia n

Iof frong C co ham oxp|x) do fnh , profofypo ham nay
nam frong fIIo mafh.h.
! ( )! ... ( ... )!
!

1 1 2 1 n
T
n
...
! ! !

1 2 n
e e e
T
1 2 n
CHUONG S

BA TAP CUO CHUONG
8. Tnh bIou fhuc sau:

Hay vIof chuong frnh nhap mof so a fhoa:
1 < a < 2, sau do fm so n fhoa dIou kIon |1):
s < a
...
1 1 1 1
s 1 2 (1)
2 4 8 n
CHUONG S

BA TAP CUO CHUONG
9. Mof nguoI muon goI mof so fIon vao ngan hang, hay vIof
chuong frnh fnh fong so fIon ma nguoI do co duoc sau khI
da goI ngan hang fhoo mof frong haI cach goI:
- CoI fung fhang ruf fIon IaI
- CoI khong ruf IaI fung fhang, ma nhap IaI vao von

Thong so nhap can fhIof:- So fIon goI Iuc dau
- ThoI gIan goI |fhoo fhang)
- IaI suaf/fhang
CHUONG S

KET THUC CHUONG S
CHUONG S

8 - Cac Lenh Dieu Khien Va Cac Vong Lap

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8 - Cac Lenh Dieu Khien Va Cac Vong Lap

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CHUONG S

CAC LENH DEU KHEN VA VONG LAP

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