58

Chapter 3

Let us present the equations for the bending and twisting moments for points that are in the immediate vicinity from the point of application of force P but necessarily lying on the x axis. In this case, the values x  and y are very small and the following approximate equalities hold: cos x  2 x 2 ; 1 a 2 a2 cosh y  2 y2 1 2 : a 2a 3:35

Applying the expression (3.34) and the above approximate equalities to Eqs (3.33), we obtain the following equations for the bending moments:  9 8  > > = < 2 2a sin P a 1 y ; 1  ln > 4 > r r2 ; :

Mx My

r2 x 2 y2 :

3:36

As seen from Eqs (3.36), the bending moments and, consequently, shear forces are unbounded at r 0, i.e., at a point where a concentrated force is applied. This is an evident reason of divergence of the Fourier series at the singular points. An occurrence of innite stress resultants and stress couples can be physically explained. First, in reality there is no concentrated force. A load is always distributed over some nite area. It can be easily shown that a nite value of a concentrated force cannot balance the intensities of the shear forces and bending moments in the vicinity of a point of application of P. Indeed, let us cut from the square plate subjected to a center force P, a differential element of sides x and y surrounding this singular point (Fig. 3.9). Then, from a static equilibrium condition namely, the force summation into the z direction is zero we obtain P 2Qx x 2Qy y 0;

Fig. 3.9