Honors Chemistry

Hydrated Compound Lab

Names Kevin Shenk, Tomoki Kato Period 3 Date October /27th/2013

Unit 2:Mole Concept

Have you ever wondered what those little packets of chemicals are that usually comes with a new pair of shoes? When you unpack a new CD player, television, or a bottle of medicine, the container usually contains one or more packets of desiccant. The packet absorbs moisture in the air so that the equipment will not be damaged. The chemical inside the packet contains a type of salt that has the ability to bind water molecules within their lattice structure. These compounds are known as hydrate crystals. In this lab, you will be dehydrating a chemical hydrate and determine the amount of water that will be evaporated away and the anhydrous salt that will be left over.

Materials: - Crucible Tongs - Bunsen Burner - Crucible - Ring holder - Clay Triangle - Metal stand - Digital scale Procedure: 1) Measure the mass of the crucible and the mass of the hydrated compound 2) Heat the crucible to evaporate the moisture in the hydrated compound 3) Measure the mass of the crucible after evaporating 4) To secure the credibility of the data we repeat the process again (process 2+3) 5) Calculate the formula units by using the average atomic mass shown below 1 mol of CoCl = 58.93g + 35.45g x 2 = 129.83 g 1 mol of HO = 1.01g x 2 + 16.00g = 18.02g Data Table: Name of Data Mass of Crucible Mass of Crucible and CoCl Mass of CoCl with Water Mass of Crucible and CoCl after first heating process Mass of Crucible and CoCl after second heating process Mass 18.385 grams 21.287 grams 2.902 grams 20.230 grams 20.218 grams

What is the mass of the ionic compound without water (also called the anhydrous compound)? How many moles is this? Mass of Crucible w/hydrated salt : 21.287 grams Mass of Crucible w/dehydrated salt : 20.218 grams Mass of hydrated salt : 2.902 grams Mass of ionic compound without water: 1.833 grams Moles of ionic compound without water: 0.014 moles Calculations 21.287 grams - 18.385 grams = 2.902 grams - Mass of hydrated salt

20.218grams - 18.385 grams = 1.833 grams - Mass of ionic compound without water Average atomic mass of Cobalt: 58.93 grams Average atomic mass of Chlorine :35.45 grams 58.93g + 2(35.45g) = 129.83 grams - mass of CoCl per mole 1.833g / 129.83 g = 0.014 moles What is the mass of the water heated away? How many moles is this? Mass of the Water evaporated: 1.069grams Which is: 0.059 moles Calculations Average atomic mass of Hydrogen: 1.01 grams Average atomic mass of Oxygen :16.00 grams 2(1.01g) + 16.00 = 18.02 grams - mass of HO per mole 1.069g /18.02g = 0.059 moles

What is the mole ratio of the ionic compound to the water? 1 : 4.201 or 0.238 : 1 (Ionic compound to HO) Calculations 1.833g / 2.902g x 100 = 63.16% Percentage of CoCl 1.069g / 2.902g x 100 = 36.84% Percentage of HO 63.16g / 129.83g = 0.4865g 36.84g / 18.02g = 2.044g 0.4865 : 2.044 0.4865/ 0.4865 : 2.044/0.4865 1: 4.201 = 0.238:1

What is the formula of the reactant hydrate compound? 5 CoCl + 21 HO Calculations 4.201 4.2 x 5 = 21 molecules of HO 1 x 5 = 5 formula units of CoCl What is the name of this compound? CoCl is Cobalt (II) Chloride HO is Dihydrogen Monoxide (Water) Calculations: - Show all work of how to determine the formula of the hydrated compound. - Research the correct answer online (make sure to include the reference of where you found it. - Determine the % error of your lab for the X Research: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(II)_chloride The number of water molecule per Cobalt (II) Chloride is 6 The ratio is 1 : 6 or 0.167 : 1 (ionic compound to Water) http://www.webqc.org/molecular-weight-of-Co(H2O)6Cl2.html Percentage of CoCl = 24.7690 + 29.8012 = 54.5702% Percentage of H0 = 5.0835 + 40.3463 = 45.4298%

Percent error: CoCl |(63.16 - 54.5702) / 54.5702 x 100| = 15.74% HO |(36.84 - 45.4298) / 45.4298 x 100| = 18.91%

Discussion Questions: Make sure to address the following questions in your discussion section: Would the error cause your ratio to increase or decrease? 1. What was the actual ratio you obtained (with all significant digits)? What was your rounded ratio to whole numbers? Is your actual ratio higher or lower than the rounded ratio? Research what the actual ratio should be. Is your answer too high or too low? What is the percent error? a. The Actual ratio was 55% of CoCl but the data we got was higher than the actual ratio which was 63%. The percentage error was |(63 - 54) / 54 x 100| = 17% 2. How would your ratio change if you did not dehydrate the compound fully? a. The ratio would show that there is a higher ratio of water to the compound because not dehydrating the compound entirely would result with some extra water. 3. Suppose some of the compound fell out of the test tube before heating but after massing. How would that change your ratio? a. The ratio will be effected since the mass that was recorded will not be the same as what it is supposed to be. The overall mass in the ratio would decrease. 4. How would your ratio change if the test tube was wet when the hydrated compound was added to it at the beginning of the experiment? a. The ratio would be effected because the extra mass of water would effect the initial mass we measured, which would effect the overall percentage of the CoCl that we had. 5. How would your ratio relate to another groups who used the same compound, if you used 2.0 grams and they used 2.5grams? a. The ratio would not change because the mass of HO absorbed by CoCl has a limit. Therefore the ratio will not change because the mass of CoCl and HO is proportional. Theoretically, as long as we use the same substance, we should not have different ratios. 6. Suggest what might happen if you left the anhydrous compound to sit overnight before weighing it for your data? a. The mass of CoCl may change because there is a possibility of the compound reabsorbing water from the surrounding air. 7. If you could improve this lab, what you do differently and why? Discuss at least three feasible improvements and why with reference to the other discussion questions and errors. (Note: relate this to #1 and the answers for the other questions). a. Three improvements that can be made in this lab are... i. To make sure the ionic compound is completely dehydrated, we can heat it multiple times in a dry location to avoid any water resulting from the humidity of the room. (Q2) ii. To make sure that there is no moisture in the crucible, we can heat the crucible before adding the ionic compound to evaporate the remaining moisture on the surface. (Q4) iii. To make sure the ratio of the water and the ionic compound to be at its maximum, we can wet the ionic compound in the beginning and then filter it. (Q5) Conclusion Statement: In this lab we learnt that there are 6 molecules of HO per 1 formula unit of CoCl. Although our data was 4.2 molecules of HO per 1 formula unit of CoCl, so this could be because CoCl we used did not have full amount of HO it could have held.