Measuring Concentration

Flame Photometer

Using the Flame Photometer

Spectroscopy: Study of light produce by a substance Spectroscopy is a common form of chemical analysis it is based on a principle of the Bohr model: Atoms absorb and release specific wavelengths (colours) of light because of the E.L. they possess

Emission Spectra

Element X The emission spectrum of each element is fingerprint of that element When excited, a sample will betray the presence of a substance by its emission spectrum:

Emission Spectra
Concept 1 A sample that contains the matching spectral lines compared to a standard must contain that element Sample Spectrum (This sample contains element X)

Standard containing Element X

Emission Spectra
Concept 2 The concentration of an element is a sample is proportional to the brightness of the spectrum Sample Spectrum 1 Std 2 Element X is more concentrated in sample #2

Flame Photometer
Device measures the concentration of a element in a sample by measuring the intensity of its emission spectrum Parts
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pump Burner Nebulizer Photodetector readout

0.000

Pocedure
To use a flame photometer
1. Zero with distilled water

std1 std2 std 3 ukn

c=2g/L c=4g/L c=6g/L c=?

0.000

Pocedure
To use a flame photometer
1. 2.

Zero with distilled water Measure the concentration of several standard solutions, each more concentrated than the next (0.010)

std1 std2 std 3 ukn

c=2g/L c=4g/L c=6g/L c=? e=0.010

0.010

Conc = 1 g/L

Pocedure
To use a flame photometer
1. 2.

Zero with distilled water Measure the concentration of several standard solutions, each more concentrated than the next (0.010, 0.020)

std1 std2 std 3 ukn

c=2g/L c=4g/L c=6g/L c=? e=0.010 e=0.020

0.020

Conc = 4 g/L

Pocedure
To use a flame photometer
1. 2.

Zero with distilled water Measure the concentration of several standard solutions, each more concentrated than the next (0.010, 0.020, 0.030

std1 std2 std 3 ukn

c=2g/L c=4g/L c=6g/L c=? e=0.010 e=0.020 e=0.030

0.030

Conc = 6 g/L

Pocedure
To use a flame photometer
1. 2. 3.

Zero with distilled water Measure the concentration of several standard solutions, each more concentrated than the next (0.010, 0.020, 0.030) Measure unknown (0.026)

std1 std2 std 3 ukn

c=2g/L c=4g/L c=6g/L c=? e=0.010 e=0.020 e=0.030 e=0.026

0.026

Conc = ?

Pocedure
To use a flame photometer
1. 2. 3. 4.

Zero with distilled water Measure the concentration of several standard solutions, each more concentrated than the next (0.010, 0.020, 0.030) Measure unknown (0.026) Compare unkn to stds using calibration curve

std1 std2 std 3 ukn

c=2g/L c=4g/L c=6g/L c=? e=0.010 e=0.020 e=0.030 e=0.026

0.000

Conc = ?

std1 std2 std 3 ukn

c=2g/L c=4g/L c=6g/L c=?

e=0.010 e=0.020 e=0.030 e=0.026

Calibration Curve
Ukn emission

0.026
Emission Of standards

.04 .03 .02 .01 Conc of unknown = 5.2 g/L 2 4 6 8 Conc of standards (g/L)