8.

3 Population Shifts and the Economy

Essential Questions:
Why

do population shifts have a significant impact on the economy both in terms of resources and labor? How has the United States been affected by the shift from a focus on manufacturing to service? What effects do current immigration trends have on local economies?

Migration Population shifts

Go West Young Man Manifest Destiny Cumberland Gap Kansas & Nebraska The Great Migration Depression and Dust Bowl California Baby Boomers Suburbs Frostbelt Sunbelt

Go West Young Man

"Go West, young man" is a quote by American author Horace Greeley concerning America's expansion westward, related to the then-popular concept of Manifest Destiny. Greeley favored westward expansion. He saw the fertile farmland of the west as an ideal place for people willing to work hard for the opportunity to succeed.

Manifest Destiny

Manifest destiny was the belief widely held by Americans in the 1800s that the United States was destined to expand across the continent.

Cumberland Gap

Cumberland Gap is a pass through the Appalachian Mountains. It is located at the junction of the U.S. states of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia. Famous in American history for its role as one key passageway through the lower central Appalachians. The path was widened by a team of loggers led by Daniel Boone, making it accessible to pioneers who used it to journey into the western frontiers of Kentucky and Tennessee.

Kansas & Nebraska

The KansasNebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement. Settlers could decide through popular vote whether to expand slavery with these new territories. The result was that pro- and anti-slavery elements flooded into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, leading to a bloody civil war there.

The Great Migration

The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern U.S. large cities from 1910 to 1930.

Depression and Dust Bowl

The Dust Bowl dust storms causing major agricultural damage to American farms in the 1930s. Millions of acres of farmland were damaged, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to leave their homes; many of these families (often known as "Okies", since so many came from Oklahoma) migrated to California and other states, where they found economic conditions a little better during the Great Depression than those they had left.

California

Migration to California accelerated during the early 1900s with the completion of major transcontinental highways like the Lincoln Highway and Route 66. In the period from 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to become the most populous state in the Union.

Baby Boomers

A baby boomer is a person who was born between the years 1946 and 1964. Baby boomers are starting to retire now and draw Social Security.

Suburbs

Suburbs are the communities surrounding cities that are usually made up of family homes, but are increasingly including places like malls and office buildings. Emerging in the 1950s as a result of a fast rising urban population and improving transportation technology, suburbs have remained a popular alternative to the city even today. As of 2000, about half the population of the United States lived in suburbs.

Sun Belt
The

Sun Belt is a region of the US generally considered to stretch across the South and Southwest. The Sun Belt has seen substantial population growth in recent decades, partly fueled by a surge in retiring baby boomers who migrate domestically, as well as the influx of immigrants, both legal and illegal.

Sun Belt

Frost Belt or Rust Belt States

The Frost Belt is a region of the US generally considered to include the Northeastern US, the Great Lakes Region and much of the Upper Midwest. The region is known for its cold, frostproducing winters and heavy snowfall. The Frost Belt was for many years the center of American economic activity, and the most populous part of the United States. A population shift in the 1980s hit this area very hard economically.

Frost Belt or Rust Belt States

Immigration
British colonials Slave labor Irish during Civil War Nativism Industrialization The American Dream Eastern Europe Hispanic

 The

US has often been called the "melting pot." Immigration is moving to another country permanently. The name is delivered from United States' rich tradition of immigrants coming to the US looking for something better. Immigration has always been a major issue in the US, just as it is now.

Immigration to the United States

America is a Melting Pot of Culture

The Statue of Liberty, or Lady Liberty, is the 1st thing many immigrants saw as they came into New York City at Ellis Island
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me: I lift my lamp beside the golden door.

British colonials
Great Britain colonized throughout the world. Many settled in North America for various reasons. In 1776, the British colonies in North America declared independence on July 4, 1776 creating the United States.

Slave labor
Triangular Trade Route trade between Europe, Africa, and North America Middle Passage most dangerous and harsh part of triangular trade; brought slaves from Africa to North America.

Irish during Civil War

Although Irish immigration to the United States has taken place since colonial times, worsening conditions (under British rule) in Ireland-especially the Great Potato Famine-caused many Irish to immigrate in the mid-1800s. Most Irish-Americans had settled in the northern, anti-slavery American states and were thus called up to service during the Civil War in 1861. Many Irish-Americans formed their own units, which embraced Irish customs such as Catholic masses and priests. The first two casualties of the Civil War were Irish, as well.

Nativism

Nativism in the United States in the 19th century, is the idea of favoring the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants.

Industrialization

Industrialization was a new era of mass production in the United States because of technological innovations, a favorable patent system, new forms of factory organization, an abundant supply of natural resources, and foreign investment. The labor force came from millions of immigrants from around the world seeking a better way of life, and aided a society that needed to mass-produce consumer goods.

The American Dream

The American Dream is an idea defended in the Declaration of Independence. Everyone is entitled to pursue success because of their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Everyone is equal and anyone can achieve wealth with hard work and innovative ideas.

Eastern Europe

The peak year of European immigration was in 1907, when 1,285,349 people entered the US By 1910, 13.5 million immigrants were living in the United States. In 1921, the Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act, followed by the Immigration Act of 1924. The 1924 Act was aimed at further restricting the Southern and Eastern Europeans, especially Jews, Italians, and Slavs, who had begun to enter the country in large numbers beginning in the 1890s.

Hispanic

Hispanic immigration refers to the migration of large numbers of Hispanics, especially Mexican nationals to neighboring countries, most notably the United States. More than 10% of Mexicos native population lives abroad, making it the country with the most immigrants in the world. 97% of all Mexican immigrants reside in the United States, that is more than 12 million (legal and illegal) immigrants.

Many Americans are very much opposed to new immigration today because of overpopulation.