Access 2010 Thvp2 v1.0

GIO TRNH MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010
Bin son: B mn H thng thng tin Dng cho khi sinh vin khng chuyn tin (Lu hnh ni b) Tp. HCM, 09/2011
Nhm tc gi: ThS. Nguyn Th Thanh Thanh ThS. Nguyn Th Thanh Tm TS. L Anh V
GIO TRNH MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010
Bin son: B mn H thng thng tin Dng cho khi sinh vin khng chuyn tin (Lu hnh ni b)
Tp. HCM, 09/2011
Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010
MC LC
Bi ging 1 1.1. 1.1.1. 1.1.2. 1.1.3. 1.2. 1.2.1. 1.2.2. 1.3. 1.3.1. 1.3.2. 1.3.3. 1.3.4. 1.3.5. 1.3.6. 1.4. 2.1. 2.2. Bi ging 2 Tng quan v CSDL v MS Access 2010 ........................................................... 1 Bi ton khai thc v qun l CSDL .......................................................................... 1 Nhng li ch ca vic qun l v khai thc CSDL ................................................... 1 Yu cu tnh chnh xc v y ca CSDL ............................................................ 2 Ti sao li l Access 2010 ......................................................................................... 2 Cc thnh phn c bn ca Access 2010 .................................................................. 3 Khi ng Access 2010 ............................................................................................ 3 To mi t p tin Access .............................................................................................. 4 Lu v m t p tin CSDL Access ............................................................................... 5 S lc v mi trng lm vic ca Access 2010 .................................................... 7 ng t p tin CSDL v thot khi Access 2010 ........................................................ 7 S dng phn tr gip trong Access ......................................................................... 8 Tng quan v bng n v cn bn t chc CSDL ..................................... 10 Tng quan v khai thc v qun l CSDL ......................................................................... 1
Tng quan v Access 2010................................................................................................ 2
Cc thao tc c bn trn Access 2010.............................................................................. 3
Tm tt bui hc ............................................................................................................... 9 Khi nim v bng .......................................................................................................... 10 Cu trc c bn ca bng .............................................................................................. 11 Tn bng: ................................................................................................................. 11 Trng d liu (Field) v bn ghi (Record) ............................................................ 11 Trng kho (Primary key) ..................................................................................... 13 Bng thit k m t cu trc bng. .......................................................................... 13 To cu trc bng bng ch Design View .......................................................... 15 To bng bng ch g trc tip .......................................................................... 16 Thuc tnh Field Size .............................................................................................. 18 Thuc tnh Format ................................................................................................... 18 Thuc tnh Input Mask ............................................................................................ 19 Thuc tnh Caption .................................................................................................. 20 Thuc tnh Default Value ........................................................................................ 20
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2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.3. 2.3. 2.3.1. 2.3.2. 2.3.3. 2.4. 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.4.3. 2.4.4. 2.4.5.
Xy dng cu trc bng.................................................................................................. 13
Cc thuc tnh ca trng d liu .................................................................................. 17
Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 2.4.6. 2.4.7. 2.4.8. 2.4.9. 2.4.10. 2.4.11. 2.5. 2.5.1. 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 2.6. 3.1. Bi ging 3 3.1.1. 3.1.2. 3.1.3. 3.1.4. 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.2.5. 3.3. 3.4. Thuc tnh Validation Rule ..................................................................................... 20 Thuc tnh Validation Text ..................................................................................... 20 Thuc tnh Required ................................................................................................ 21 Thuc tnh Allow Zero Length: .............................................................................. 21 Thuc tnh Index:................................................................................................. 21 Thit l p thuc tnh LOOKUP............................................................................. 21 M bng ch xem v nh p liu ....................................................................... 25 M bng ch chnh sa cu trc...................................................................... 25 ng bng ............................................................................................................... 25 Bng Cc k nng x l nng cao ................................................................. 29 Nh p v sa d liu ................................................................................................. 30 Xo bn ghi ............................................................................................................. 34 Sp xp d liu ........................................................................................................ 34 Lc d liu .............................................................................................................. 35 Thm ct .................................................................................................................. 36 i tn ct ............................................................................................................... 37 Di chuyn 1 ct ....................................................................................................... 37 Xo ct .................................................................................................................... 37 Thay i rng ct ............................................................................................... 37
Cc ch lm vic vi bng ......................................................................................... 25
Tm tt bui hc ............................................................................................................. 26 X l d liu trn bng ................................................................................................... 29
Chnh sa cu trc v cch trnh by bng.................................................................... 36
Ly cc bng t CSDL khc ........................................................................................... 38 Lin kt bng .................................................................................................................. 39 To lin kt gia cc bng (Relationship) ............................................................... 40 Mt s li thng gp khi thit l p quan h............................................................ 43
3.4.1. 3.4.2. 3.5. 3.6. 4.1.
Quy trnh chun xy dng c s d liu Access............................................................. 44 Tm tt bui hc ............................................................................................................. 44 Cu truy vn Khai thc d liu ..................................................................... 47 Khi nim v vai tr cu truy vn ........................................................................... 47 Cc loi cu truy vn ............................................................................................... 48 Tng quan v cu truy vn ............................................................................................. 47
Bi ging 4 4.1.1. 4.1.2. 4.2.
To cu truy vn la chn (Select query)....................................................................... 48

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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.2.3. 4.2.4. 4.3. 4.4. Cu trc v bn thit k dnh cho cu truy vn la chn ........................................ 48 Phn loi cu truy vn la chn .............................................................................. 49 To cu truy vn s dng Wizard ........................................................................... 49 To cu truy vn s dng Design View .................................................................. 52
Thc thi cu truy vn ...................................................................................................... 54 Hiu chnh cu truy vn.................................................................................................. 55 B sung thm table cho cu truy vn ...................................................................... 56 Sp xp d liu trong cu truy vn .......................................................................... 56 n mt field ............................................................................................................ 57
4.4.1. 4.4.2. 4.4.3. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 5.1.
Thit lp cu truy vn c iu kin (lc d liu) ............................................................ 57 Cu truy vn c tham s ................................................................................................. 61 Tm tt bui hc ............................................................................................................. 62 Cu truy vn v cc hm tnh ton .................................................................. 63 T to trng tnh ton............................................................................................ 63 To trng tnh ton s dng Expression Builder .................................................. 64 Cc ton t .............................................................................................................. 65 Mt s hm tnh ton thng dng............................................................................ 65 Trng tnh ton ............................................................................................................. 63
Bi ging 5 5.1.1. 5.1.2. 5.2. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.3. 5.4. 6.1. 6.2.
Cc ton t tnh ton v hm tnh ton .......................................................................... 65
V d thc t v cc cu truy vn tnh ton .................................................................... 66 Tm tt bui hc ............................................................................................................. 69 Cu truy vn tng hp ...................................................................................... 70 Thng k v tng hp d liu ......................................................................................... 70 Thit k cu truy vn thng k. ....................................................................................... 70 Thu th p d liu ...................................................................................................... 71 Phn nhm d liu................................................................................................... 71 Cch thc thng k .................................................................................................. 71
Bi ging 6
6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.2.3. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 7.1.
To cu truy vn thng k .............................................................................................. 71 Cc v d thc t v cu truy vn thng k .................................................................... 73 Tm tt bui hc ............................................................................................................. 77 Mt s loi truy vn khc.................................................................................. 78 Khi nim ................................................................................................................ 78 Cu trc Crosstab query .......................................................................................... 79
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Bi ging 7 7.1.1. 7.1.2.
Crosstab query................................................................................................................ 78
Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 7.1.3. 7.2. 7.2.1. 7.2.2. 7.2.3. 7.3. 8.1. 8.2. Bi ging 8 Cch to Crosstab query .......................................................................................... 79 Khi nim ................................................................................................................ 82 To Unmatched Query s dng Wizard .................................................................. 83 To Unmatched Query bng ch Design View .................................................. 85 Biu mu Giao din ca chng trnh .......................................................... 87 Unmatched Query ........................................................................................................... 82
Tm tt bui hc ............................................................................................................. 86 Khi nim........................................................................................................................ 87 Cc dng biu mu thng s dng ............................................................................... 87 Biu mu n dng ct ............................................................................................ 88 Biu mu n dng Justify ...................................................................................... 88 Biu mu n dng bng ......................................................................................... 88 Biu mu n dng Datasheet ................................................................................. 89 Biu mu dng Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub) ................................................................... 89 To biu mu s dng Wizard ................................................................................ 89 To Biu mu bng ch Design View ................................................................ 90 To biu mu Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub) s dng Wizard ........................................... 92 To biu mu Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub) bng ch Design View ........................... 94
8.2.1. 8.2.2. 8.2.3. 8.2.4. 8.2.5. 8.3. 8.3.1. 8.3.2. 8.4. 8.4.1. 8.4.2. 8.5. 8.6.
Cch to biu mu n ................................................................................................... 89
Cch to biu mu dng Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub) ........................................................... 92
Cc thnh phn trn biu mu ....................................................................................... 95 Chnh sa biu mu n gin ......................................................................................... 96 iu khin (Control): .............................................................................................. 96 Trnh by iu khin (Control Layout): .................................................................. 97 Thuc tnh ca cc iu khin ................................................................................. 99 Thuc tnh ca biu mu ....................................................................................... 100 To nt lnh ........................................................................................................... 101 Biu bo ............................................................................................................ 105
8.6.1. 8.6.2. 8.6.3. 8.6.4. 8.6.5. 8.7. 9.1. 9.2. Bi ging 9
Tm tt .......................................................................................................................... 104 Khi nim...................................................................................................................... 105 Cu trc ca mt report ............................................................................................... 105 Tiu biu bo (Report header) .......................................................................... 106 Tiu u trang/ chn trang (Page Header/Footer) ............................................ 106 Phn chi tit (Detail) ............................................................................................. 106
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9.2.1. 9.2.2. 9.2.3.
Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 9.2.4. 9.2.5. 9.3. 9.4. 9.5. Chn bo biu (Report Footer) .............................................................................. 106 Tiu nhm (Group Header/Footer) ................................................................... 106
Cc dng ca mt report .............................................................................................. 106 Cch to report ............................................................................................................. 106 To nhanh Report ......................................................................................................... 106 To report bng wizard ......................................................................................... 107 To report bng Design view ................................................................................ 109 Thm, xo trng d liu, trang tr report............................................................. 110 Thit l p thuc tnh ca cc i tng trong report .............................................. 110 Thit l p mt s thuc tnh quan trng cho report (Report Properties) ................ 111 nh dng nhanh ................................................................................................... 111 Mt s nh dng c bit ..................................................................................... 112 Biu bo v cc thao thc sp xp, phn nhm............................................. 114 To Report Grouping bng wizard .................................................................... 114 Thm hoc iu chnh Group ............................................................................ 116 To SubReport ................................................................................................... 117 Ngt trang trong Report c phn nhm ............................................................. 119
9.5.1. 9.5.2. 9.6. 9.6.1. 9.6.2. 9.6.3. 9.6.4. 9.6.5. 9.7. 10.1. Bi ging 10 10.1.1. 10.1.2. 10.1.3. 10.1.4. 10.2. 10.3.
Mt s k thut chnh sa report .................................................................................. 110
Tm tt bui hc ........................................................................................................... 113 Report c phn nhm ................................................................................................ 114
Report c tham s ..................................................................................................... 119 Xem v in Report ....................................................................................................... 120 Xem trc khi in ................................................................................................ 120 Hiu chnh l trang, in ....................................................................................... 121
10.3.1. 10.3.2. 10.4.
Tm tt bui hc ....................................................................................................... 122
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Bi ging 1 Tng quan v CSDL v MS Access 2010

Mc ch bi ging l gip ngi hc c ci nhn tng quan v CSDL cng nh thc hin c cc thao tc cn bn ca Access 2010. Sau bi ging ngi hc s t c cc k nng sau: Trnh by c khi nim v vai tr cn bn ca bi ton qun l v khai thc CSDL Trnh by c nhng cng c quan trng ca Access 2010 v sc mnh, ng dng trong vic qun l, khai thc CSDL. Ci t v thc hin c cc thao tc cn bn trong mi trng Access 2010.
Gii thiu
Hm nay, Dng s bt u cng vic xy dng h thng qun l ca hng cho gia nh mnh. Dng s phi gii thch cho B Bng, ngi qun l, v Dung, ngi hc vic: Ti sao nn s dng Access vo vic qun l ca hng? Ring vi Dung, th cu hi cho Dng c th hn: S dng Access 2010 c kh khng? Cc thao tc cn bn ca n l g? Phn 1.1 s tr li cu hi th nht. Phn 1.2 v 1.3 s t p trung vo cu hi th hai. Trong phn 1.2 s gii thiu tng quan v Access 2010. Cn phn 1.3 s gii thiu cc thao tc cn bn. 1.1. Tng quan v khai thc v qun l CSDL
1.1.1. Bi ton khai thc v qun l CSDL Access l mt cng c n gin nhng hiu qu dng qun l C s d liu ca hng. nh ngha ngn gn: C s d liu (vit tt CSDL; ting Anh l database) l mt tp hp d liu c cu trc v lin quan vi nhau. Bi ton qun l v khai thc CSDL trong cng vic l vic t chc, nhp liu, lu tr v x l cc thng tin d liu lin quan n cng vic nhm to thnh CSDL vi s h tr ca cc chng trnh my tnh chuyn dng.
Ngay t khi bt u cng vic kinh doanh, b Bng ghi chp cc s liu nh thng tin khch hng, gi cc mt hng, s hng bn c, vo s sch. Cc s liu ny lin quan vi nhau v cng phn nh tnh hnh kinh doanh ca ca hng. y chnh l hnh thc s khai ca CSDL ca hng, v lm bng tay nn rt vt v. Cui ngy, b phi mt hng gi kt s. Vic qun l v khai thc CSDL bng s sch rt mt thi gian v thng hay xy ra sai st. Sau , vi s c mt ca Dung, ca hng qun l CSDL bng cc tp tin Excel. Thng tin, d liu c khai thc v qun l hiu qu hn. Tuy nhin, cc tp tin Excel vn khng th p ng c mt s yu cu v vic bo mt, phn quyn s dng. Ngoi ra cc kiu d liu khng c rng buc cht ch, s lin kt d liu gia cc tp tin Excel khc nhau rt kh khn. Tnh cu trc ca thng tin km, dn n hin tng d liu b trng lp, d tha v khng thun tin cho mi trng nhiu ngi s dng. iu ny dn n hiu qu khai thc v qun l thng tin thp. Nhng hn ch ca vic qun l v khai thc d liu bng s sch hoc cc file Excel s c gii quyt nu ca hng p dng qun l v khai thc d liu v thng tin bng CSDL.
Tm li, Qun l v khai thc CSDL = CNTT + T chc d liu khoa hc. 1.1.2. Nhng li ch ca vic qun l v khai thc CSDL Vic p dng qun l v khai thc CSDL s em n nhng li ch sau:
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Thng tin c qun l mt cch khoa hc Loi b thng tin d tha, tng tnh nht qun v ton vn ca d liu.
Trong mt file Excel, cc d liu trng nhau, d tha l rt nhiu. Khi Dung mun thay i hay xa d liu th Dung phi thc hin trn tt c cc tp tin v tt c cc cha d liu cn thay i. V qu nhiu ni, nhiu ch phi sa v nhiu ngi dng nn thng dn n s b st. Qua thi gian, d liu s khng nht qun theo kiu: ng ni g, b ni vt. Qun l d liu bng CSDL s quy mi th v mt mi, theo ng cc chun mc khoa hc, gip gii quyt cc vn trn.
D liu c th c truy xut theo nhiu cch khc nhau.

Vi tp tin Excel ca Dung c th tnh ton d liu, v th, lc d liu hay in ra. Tuy nhin, so vi cc phn mm qun l CSDL th vn khng th snh c. Vi cu truy vn c xy dng trn l thuyt quan h d liu, vic rt trch d liu tr nn rt d dng v khoa hc. Cc biu thc, hm s trn Excel ch l mt thnh phn nh ca cu truy vn. Vi CSDL, d liu s c nhp vi cc biu mu nhp liu thn thin, d dng v chnh xc. B Bng s c cc bo co kinh doanh ch vi vi nt nhp chut. Vic in ra hoc kt qu trn mng cng ch cn vi thao tc n gin.
Nhiu ngi c th s dng cng lc mt CSDL vi s phn quyn, bo mt cao.

Khi s dng d liu di dng tp tin, vic chia s nhiu ngi cng s dng ng thi cng lc l khng th. H thng qun l CSDL s gip tt c cc nhn vin ca ca hng u c th s dng chung CSDL. Hn th na, cc nhn vin bn hng ch c php nhp liu v ch c B Bng mi c xem cc bo co. S phn quyn ny gip h thng an ton, bo mt v tin dng. iu m cc tp tin Excel khng th lm c.
1.1.3. Yu cu tnh chnh xc v y ca CSDL CSDL l th gii thu nh ca th gii cng vic thc m trong mi s kin lin quan u c phn nh. Mun s dng tt CSDL, ngi dng phi nh p d liu y v chnh xc. Tt c cc s liu, thng tin khai thc t CSDL s lun c coi l ng, v l c s iu hnh cng vic. Khi pht hin c s sai khp gia CSDL v th gii thc th s phi hiu chnh CSDL ng vi th gii thc. Vic thit k giao din nh p liu thch hp v cc rng buc d liu s hn ch nhng sai khp trn. 1.2. Tng quan v Access 2010
1.2.1. Ti sao li l Access 2010 Cc chng trnh my tnh dng xy dng, qun l v khai thc CSDL c gi l h qun tr c s d liu.
Access 2010 l mt h qun tr CSDL c pht trin bi hng Microsoft. C rt nhiu cc h qun tr CSDL khc nh Oracle, DB2, MySQL, Cc ngn hng rt thch s dng Oracle v tnh an ton, cc trang Web li thng dng MySQL v c min ph. Access 2010 li c dn vn phng yu thch v tnh tin dng v d dng.
c im ni b t ca Access 2010 : Tnh sn c v chi ph chp nhn c. Access 2010 c tch hp trong b MS Office Mt sn phm qu quen thuc vi nhn vin vn phng.
Nu Dung dng MS Office, Access thng c ci sn trong my tnh.
Tnh d dng v giao din p. B MS Office c thit k cho nhn vin vn phng nn rt d dng v c giao din p. Cc l thuyt, k thu t kh ca CSDL u c cng ty MicroSoft tnh ton trc v hn ch ti a s phc tp. Phn ln cc ng tc s dng ca ngi dng l ko th hoc hiu chnh cc tham s cho thch hp.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Tnh phong ph v cc chc nng khai thc d liu. Cc nghip v khai thc d liu quan trng nht cho cng vic vn phng u c Access 2010 thit k sn. Chng ta c th to ra cc biu mu nh p liu, cc bn bo co tng hp, hoc y s liu ln Web rt d dng. Tp hp cc bi ton mu phong ph. y l mt tnh nng c pht trin rt mnh trong Access 2010. Cc bi ton mu vi cc CSDL mu c thit k sn lun c pht min ph. Cc bi ton mu nh qun l cng vic, qun l khch hng u c gii quyt. Ngi dng ch cn vi ci click chut l c th c mt CSDL mu hon ho. Tt nhin, ngi dng cn hiu chnh CSDL mu trn chng thch hp vi cng vic thc t ca mnh.
Chnh v nhng c im trn, m rt nhiu nhn vin vn phng khp ni trn th gii, t nhng cng ty t nhn cho n cc t chc lin quc gia, v ang s dng Access. S dng thnh tho Access s gip Dng v Dung t n mt ng cp mi trong cng vic qun l vn phng.
1.2.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca Access 2010 Access 2010 c nhng thnh phn c bn sau: Bng d liu Tables: n v cn bn lu tr d liu. Cu truy vn Queries: n v cn bn khai thc d liu. Cc cu truy vn truy xut d liu t mt hay nhiu bng hay cc cu truy vn khc theo yu cu c th. Biu mu Forms: n v cn bn giao tip vi ngi dng. Vi giao din thn thin, ngi dng c th iu khin, c p nh t, xem, sa d liu c ly t bng hoc cu truy vn. Biu bo - Reports: n v cn bn to ra cc bo co ly t bng hoc cu truy vn. Macro: Qun l cc lnh Macro phc v d n. Modules: Qun l cc khai bo, th vin v chng trnh con phc v d n.
Dung s ln lt lm quen vi bng vo cc bui ging th 2 v 3; cc cu truy vn vo cc bui ging 4, 5, 6 v 7; biu mu vo cc bui 8, 9 v 10; biu bo vo cc bui 11, 12. Phn marco v modules l phn nng cao. Dung hon ton c th t tm hiu chng sau khi s dng thnh tho bng, cu truy vn, biu mu v biu bo trong Access.
1.3.
Cc thao tc c bn trn Access 2010
1.3.1. Khi ng Access 2010 Khi ng Access 2010 c l l ng tc cn bn v d dng nht. Chng ta c th khi ng Access 2010 hon ton tng t nh cc phn mm khc trong b Office nh Word, Excel vi 2 cch ph bin sau:
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Cch 1 Gm 4 bc: 1. Chn Start. 2. Chn Programs. 3. Chn Microsoft Office. 4. Chn Microsoft Access 2010. Cch 2: Nhp kp chut l n t n t p tin c phn m rng .accdb vi biu tng ca Microsoft Access. Nu m thnh cng giao din ca Access 2010 s ging nh hnh 1.2.
1.3.2. To m i t p tin Access Access dng khi nim d n - project ch n mt nhm cng vic c lin quan m t thit vi nhau v u xoay quanh cc CSD database. Bt k mi hot ng, i tng no xy ra trong Access u thuc v mt d n no .
Trong d n ca mnh, Dng v Dung ch s dng mt CSDL duy nht v cng ch cn mt tp tin duy nht. Tp tin ny s c phn m rng l .accdb.
To CSDL trng vi cc thao tc sau:

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Gm 3 bc Xem hnh 1.3 1. Chn mc Blank Database. 2. t tn ti File name. 3. Tip theo chn Create.
Blank database: to mt CSDL mi v trng hon ton, vi la chn ny ngi s dng s t thit k mt c s d liu t u theo ca mnh. Blank Web database: tng t nh Blank database nhng kt qu s hin th trn giao din Web. Recent Template: to CSDL k tha t nhng CSDL mu mi va lm gn nht. Sample Templete: to CSDL k tha t nhng CSDL mu c sn trong th vin ca Access 2010. Office.com Templates: Cc CSDL mu c sn trn Internet phn loi theo tng nhm. 1.3.3. Lu v m t p tin CSDL Access lu d liu cn thc hin cc thao tc sau:
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Gm 4 bc nh hnh 1.4 1. Chn Menu File Save Database As. 2. Chn ng dn ni cn lu CSDL trong hp thoi tip theo. Trong trng hp ny l: CSDL_CuahangDTDD. 3. t tn CSDL cn lu ti mc File name. 4. Chn nt Save.
Vic m CSDL c sn cng rt d dng:
Gm 3 bc nh hnh 1.5 1. Chn Menu File Open. 2. Chn ng dn t p tin cn m trong hp thoi tip theo. Trong trng hp ny l: CSDL_CuahangDTDD\ QL_CuahangDTDD.accdb. 3. Chn nt Open hoc click i vo t p tin chn.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 1.3.4. S lc v mi trng lm vic ca Access 2010 Access 2010 s dng thanh Ribbon gm 5 mc chnh: File, Home, Create, External Data v Database Tools. B sung thm thnh phn mi l th ng cnh gip ngi dng thao tc nhanh hn khi lm vic vi tng thnh phn c th. (Xem hnh 1.6). Bn di thanh Ribbon, ca s lm vic c chia thnh 2 phn chnh: 1. Phn bn tri ca ca s hin th tt c cc i tng trong CSDL Access nh Tables, Query, Forms, Reports,... s dng mt thnh phn no , bn ch cn nhp kp chut vo thnh phn v ni dung s xut hin phn bn phi ca ca s. 2. Pha di cng ca ca s thanh Status bar l cc iu khin gip bn di chuyn gia cc dng d liu, tm kim nhanh v thay i cc ch lm vic khi cn thit.
Thot u mi vic c v hi phc tp. Tuy nhin, Dung cng khng cn phi lo lng, bi v tht ra n rt n gin v d dng. Dung s lm quen t t vi mi trng ny trong sut cc bui ging sau.
1.3.5. ng t p tin CSDL v thot khi Access 2010 chm dt lm vic v ng CSDL hin ti, cn thc hin cc thao tc sau:
Gm 2 thao tc Hnh 1.7

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1. Chn menu File. 2. Chn Close Database.
thot khi Access, thc hin mt trong cc cch sau:

Cch 1: M menu File Exit. Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm nng Alt + F4. Cch 3: S dng nt Close trn ca s Access ang m.
Thc hnh trong gi: Khi ng Microsoft Access 2010 v ti n hnh to 1 CSDL mi v lu li vi tn l baitap1.accdb. Tm hi u nhanh v giao din v cc thnh phn trn Access. Cui cng, ng tp tin v thot khi Access.
1.3.6. S dng phn tr gip trong Access Phn tr gip trong Access c vit rt c th, y v d hiu. C 3 cch gi phn tr gip trong Access.
Cch 1: Gm 2 buc nh hnh 1.9. Menu File Help. Microsoft Office Help. Cch 2: Chn biu tng gc trn phi trn thanh Ribbon. Cch 3: t con tr ti v tr cn s tr gip, bm F1.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Ti mn hnh tr gip c cc chc nng c bn nh sau.
1. 2. 3. 4. G ni dung cn tm. Chn ni s tm kim ti danh mc Search. Bm Search. Chn mc cn xem ni dung tr gip.
Vi phn tr gip, khi gp cc cu hi n gin, Dung c th t gii p. Hn th na, Dung s lm giu kin thc mnh rt nhanh chng vi vic s dng mt cch thng minh phn tr gip trn. Thc hnh trong gi: S dng phn tr gip vi ni dung tm hiu nhng vn v thanh Ribbon, c bit l cch s dng nhanh thanh Ribbon bng bn phm Use the keyboard to work with Ribbon.
1.4.
Tm tt bui hc
Hm nay, chng ta tm hiu cc l do v li ch ca vic qun l v khai thc d liu trong cng vic bng CSDL. Cng thc n gin: Qun l CSDL = CNTT + T chc d liu khoa hc. Vic qun l bng CSDL mang nhiu u im hn hn vic qun l s liu bng s sch hay cc t p tin Excel. Thng tin v d liu s c qun l bi bn, khoa hc. iu ny s nng cao hiu sut truy xut thng tin, hn ch c cc sai st. Ngoi ra, n cng nng cao tnh an ninh, bo m t ca d liu v thng tin cng nh m bo cho mi trng nhiu ngi cng khai thc CSDL ng thi. Access 2010 l h qun tr CSDL rt thch hp cho cc nhn vin vn phng. Access sn c trong b Office. Nh mi phn mm trong b Office, Access c giao din p v d s dng. Vic to ra cc bng bo co, th hay biu mu trong Access cng nh vic truy xut d liu rt d dng, phong ph v cht lng cao. Access 2010 cung cp hng lot cc CSDL mu cho cc cng vic ph bin u c to sn. Chng ta cng lm quen cc thao tc cn bn: lu, m, ng mt CSDL. Mi trng Access 2010 mi m, nhng trnh by rt khoa hc. tin xa, chng ta cn s dng tt phn tr gip. Chng ta c th d dng t tm thy cu tr li cho cc cu hi n gin trong phn tr gip ny. Chng ta s ln lt lm quen vi Bng - Table, Cu truy vn - Query, Biu mu -Form v Biu bo cc bui hc k tip.
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Bi ging 2 Tng quan v bng n v cn bn t chc CSDL

Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: Trnh by c vai tr lu tr d liu ca bng. Trnh by c nhng thnh phn cn bn ca bng. Bao gm: Trng v kiu d liu, bn ghi v kha. To mi c bng bng ch Design hoc g lnh trc tip. Trnh by v s dng c cc thuc tnh ca bng.
Gii thiu Trong bi ging trc, chng ta lm quen vi Access 2010 v to ra c CSDL QL_CuahangDTDD dng cho d n. CSDL hin ti hon ton trng, v s c nh p d liu trong bi ging ny. Cc cu hi chnh l: 1. CSDL trong Access c t chc thnh cc bng nh th no? v 2. Lm sao to c cc bng v lu gi thng tin trong ? Phn 2.1 s tr li cu 1 vi cc khi nim cn bn v bng. Phn 2.2 s cung cp cc kin thc v cu trc ca bng. Phn 2.3 s tr li cu hi 2 vi 2 cch to bng trong Access: Dng cng c Design hoc g trc tip cc dng lnh. Phn 2.4 l phn kin thc nng cao v bng vi s gii thiu v cc thuc tnh v rng buc i vi trng d liu. Nhng rng buc hp l trn cc trng d liu s bt nhng sai st trong vic nh p liu. 2.1. Khi nim v bng
CSDL l mt t p hp d liu c cu trc, lin quan vi nhau c th hin qua cch thc lu tr v t chc d liu. Access cng nh phn ln cc h qun tr CSDL trn th trng dng bng lm n v cn bn lu tr v t chc d liu. Vy bng l g? Bng l tp hp cc d liu c t chc thnh cc dng v ct. Trong , mi dng ca bng s biu din mt i tng hoc mt mi quan h gia cc i tng. S ct l c nh v mi ct u c tn ring ng vi mt tnh cht no ca s vt miu t cc dng.
Hnh nh trc quan ca bng c th tm thy trong hnh 2.2. Vi cu trc ct v dng, bng c th coi nh l mt bng tnh Excel, trong mi ct u c t tn. Bng tnh Excel ca chng ta gm c 19 dng biu din cho 19 khch hng. Mi mt dng s c 5 ct c t tn ln lt l: M khch hnh, H tn, a ch, in thoi v Email. Da vo bng cho khch hng c m s KH005; c tn l Trn Minh Phng; a ch l: Khu ph 7, Th trn Nh B, huyn Nh B; s in thoi l 0934041100; c th lin lc vi anh ta theo a ch email: cau5_nhut_vn@yahoo.com. Nu ca hng c thm khch hng mi th bng KHACHHANG ca Dung s thm dng mi.
Mt CSDL s cn bao nhiu bng? V lm sao xc nh c chng? Danh sch cc bng trong CSDL ca ca hng c th tm thy trong hnh 2.1. Cc bng c xc nh da vo vic trong thc t c bao nhiu i tng cn lu tr v s mi quan h gia cc i tng .
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Dng v Dung xc nh cc i tng cn lu tr trong d n l: khch hng, phiu xut, phiu nhp, nh cung cp, nhn vin, hng sn sut, mu in thoi. By i tng ny s cn 7 bng. Thng tin chi tit v vic nhp in thoi vi gi v s lng c th khng th lu tr trong hai bng PHIEUNHAP v DIENTHOAI v 2 bng ny ch lu tr cc thng tin chung ca phiu nhp v in thoi. V vy chng ta cn thm 2 bng CTPHIEUNHAP v CTPHIEUXUAT m t chi tit mi quan h trn gia phiu nhp, phiu xut v mt hng in thoi. CTPHIEUNHAP s gm 4 ct SOPT, MADT, SOLUONG, GIANHAP cho bit thng tin trong mi phiu nhp mi loi in thoi c mua vi s lng v gi bao nhiu. Dung v Dng s ln lt to ra 9 bng trnh by trong Hnh 2.1 trong bui hm nay.
2.2.
Cu trc c bn ca bng
Mt bng d liu trn Access bao gm 5 thnh phn c bn sau: Tn bng, Cc trng d liu, Trng kho, Cc thuc tnh ca cc trng d liu, Cc bn ghi. 2.2.1. Tn bng: Mi mt bng s c mt tn duy nht phn bit n vi cc bng khc. Chng ta nn chn tn bng phn nh i tng n lu tr.
PHIEUNHAP s c chn l tn ca bng lu tr cc thng tin ca phiu nhp hng. DIENTHOAI s c chn l tn ca bng lu tr cc thng tin ca cc in thoi di ng Lu : Khng nn s dng du cch (Space), cc k t c bit hoc ch ting Vit c du trong tn bng.
2.2.2. Trng d liu (Field) v bn ghi (Record) Mi mt dng ca bng s ng vi mt bn ghi biu din cho mt thc th thng tin.
Nu ca hng hin c 1000 loi in thoi c nhp vo bng DIENTHOAI th bng ny s c ng 1000 bn ghi (dng) biu din cho 1000 loi in thoi trn.
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Mi mt ct ca bng s ng vi mt trng d liu ca thc th thng tin.

Mi khch hng s c 5 thng tin cn phi lu tr l M khch hng, H tn, a ch, in thoi, Email. V vy mi bn ghi khch hng s c 5 trng d liu vi tn trng l M khch hng, H tn, a ch, in thoi, Email tng ng.
Kiu d liu v rng buc trng d liu. Trong mt trng d liu, cc gi tr c cng mt kiu d liu. Ngoi ra, trng d liu c th c b sung cc rng buc hn ch cc gi tr nh n c. Cc rng buc v kiu d liu gip hn ch nhng sai st trong lc nh p liu.
DONGIA ca in thoi phi l mt s nguyn khng m phn nh gi tin v c th tnh ton. Trong khi , TENDT li ch cn kiu xu k t vi di khng qu 30. Nu trong lc nhp liu cho mt hng in thoi gi l s m, hoc tn in thoi di hn 30 k t s b h thng bo li.
Danh sch cc kiu d liu m Access h tr l: Kiu d liu Text Memo Number M t Kch thc
D liu kiu vn bn bao gm mt hoc nhiu t, con Field cha ti a 255 s khng tnh ton. k t. D liu kiu ghi ch, ging kiu vn bn nhng cha Chiu di ti a ca c nhiu k t hn. field l 65.535 D liu kiu s ch cha cc con s, c dng khi cn Ty loi s l Byte, thc hin cc php tnh ton trong field. Decimal, Integer, Long. D liu kiu ngy, gi. C gi tr trong khong t nm 8 bytes 100 nm 9999 D liu kiu tin t, ging kiu s nhng c thm s l 8 bytes th p phn v k hiu tin t.
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Date/Time Currency
Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 AutoNumber D liu kiu s t ng, l dy s tng dn, t ng 8 bytes tng ln 1 mi khi mt mu tin mi c thm vo bng. D liu ch cha 1 trong 2 gi tr: Yes/No hoc 1 bit True/False hoc On/Off. D liu kiu i tng: hnh nh, m thanh, t p tin Ti a 2 GB khc... c nhng hoc lin kt vo bng. D liu siu lin kt, lu ng dn gip lin kt n Ti a 1GB cc i tng khc nh a ch website, t p tin, D liu nh km cho php gn cc t p tin nh, vn bn, Excel,.
Yes/No OLE Object Hyperlink Attachment
Lu : Khng nn s dng du cch (Space), cc k t c bit hoc ch ting Vit c du trong tn trng.
2.2.3. Trng kho (Primary key) Trong th gii thng tin, rt hay xy ra trung hp trng thng tin nh hai khch hng trng tn, hai loi in thoi cng hng. phn bit cc i tng, chng ta dng trng kha.
Nu Dung k cc bng trong hnh 2.1 dng m t cc bng, Dng u chn mt trng lm m s phn bit cc i tng. i vi bng DIENTHOAI, Dng dng trng MaDT. i vi bng CTPHIEUNHAP, Dng dng 2 trng SoPN, MaDT. K thut ny cng ging nh nh nc phn bit cc cng dn ca mnh bng nhng s chng minh nhn dn khc nhau.
Trng kha chnh l trng (hoc tp hp mt s trng) c chn nhm phn bit cc bn ghi trong cng mt bng. Vi mi bn ghi, trng kha phi khc rng v khng c hai bn ghi no c trng kha trng gi tr vi nhau. Kha ngoi (Foreign keys) l mt trng d liu ca bng ny nhng li l kho chnh ca bng kia. Vic to kha ngoi to mi lin kt gia 2 bng nhm phn nh mi quan h gia cc thc th trong thc t v hn ch sai st trong trong qun l d liu.
Trng MaNV trong bng PHIEUXUAT l kho ngoi v n cng l kha chnh ca bng NHANVIEN. iu ny phn nh mi quan h: Nhn vin thc hin nhng phiu xut no. Nu trong lc nhp liu, chng ta nhp mt MaNV khng c trong bng NHANVIEN, h thng s bo li.
2.3.
Xy dng cu trc bng
2.3.1. Bng thit k m t cu trc bng.

Trc khi xy dng mt bng d liu, C Thanh lun khuyn Dng phi lp bng thit k m t cu trc ca bng. Vic lp bng thit k s tit kim thi gian v hn ch sai st khi chng ta xy dng bng.
Bng thit k s bao gm: Tn bng; M t d liu lu tr; Danh sch cc trng d liu km theo kiu d liu, kch thc v cc ghi ch v rng buc d liu. Sau y l bng thit k ca 2 bng NHANVIEN v KHACH HANG trong CSDL QL_CuahangDTDD.
T1_NHANVIEN: dng lu tr thng tin ca cc nhn vin lm vic ti ca hng
Tn field
Kiu d liu
Kch
Ghi ch
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 thc MANV Text 4 Kho chnh Hai k t u l ch NV, hai k t sau l s Tiu : M nhn vin Bt buc nh p. Tiu : H tn nhn vin Ch hoa mu Tiu : Hnh nh nh dng kiu trnh by sao cho: Yes = N; No = Nam Tiu : Phi n Dng dd/mm/yyyy Tiu : Ngy sinh Tiu : a ch Tiu : in thoi Phi c k t @ Tiu : Email c chn t danh sch: Thu ngn; Bn hng; K ton; Bo v Tiu : Chc v Tp h s km theo Tiu : H s
HOTENNV HINHANH PHAINU NGAYSINH DIACHI DIENTHOAI EMAIL CHUCVU
Text OLE Object Yes/No Date/Time Text Text Text Text
50
100 15 50 50
NGAYVAOLA Date/Time M HOSO Attachment
T2_KHACHHANG: dng lu tr thng tin ca cc khch hng mua hng ti ca hng
Tn field MAKH HOTENKH NGAYSIN H DIACHI DIENTHO AI EMAIL
Kiu d liu Text Text Date/Time Text Text Text
Kch thc 5 50
50 15 50
Ghi ch Kho chnh K t u l ch K, 4 k t sau l s Tiu : M khch hng Tiu : H tn khch hng Dng dd/mm/yyyy Tiu : Ngy sinh Tiu : a ch Tiu : in thoi Phi c k t @
Cc bng cn li tham kho thm cui bi.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 2.3.2. To cu trc bng bng ch Design View
Dng s to bng KHACHHANG cho Dung xem bng cch s dng Design View. Vic to bng bao gm 9 bc v da theo bng thit k ca bng KHACHHANG trnh by phn trn.
1. Chn menu Create. 2. Trong nhm Tables, chn Table Design.
3. Khai bo danh sch t n cc trng ca bng: bng cch g danh sch t n cc trng ln ct Field Name ca ca s thit k. 4. Khai bo kiu d liu tng ng cho tng trng, bng cch chn kiu d liu cho tng trng ct Data Type tng ng. 5. G phn m t tng ng cho trng ct Description.
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6. Thit l p trng kho cho bng a. Chn cc trng mun thit l p kho bng cch: dng chut kt hp gi phm Ctrl nh du u dng cc trng mun thit l p kho. Trong trng hp v d ny th kho l MaKH. b. Nhn nt Primary key trn thanh cng c. 7. Lu li cu trc bng: Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + S hoc nhn nt Save trn thanh cng c. 8. G tn vo hp thoi yu cu nh p tn cho bng: KHACHHANG (Khng g ting Vit c du hoc cc k t c bit). 9. Bm OK.
Lu : Nhng bng khng thit lp trng kho, trong qu trnh lu li cu trc bng, Access s hi:
Hnh 2.1 Cnh bo do lu bng m cha chn kha chnh - Nhn Yes nu mun Access to thm mt trng mi c tn ID v thit lp trng ny lm kho. - Nu khng mun to thm trng mi, hy nhn No hoc nhn Cancel hu lnh lu.
2.3.3. To bng bng ch g trc tip Ngoi cch dng Design View, trong trng hp khn cp, cn phi lu d liu gp vo CSDL m cha kp to cu trc bng, Access vn cho php to v nh p trc tip d liu vo bng trng. Access s to cc trng ly tn chung chung l Field1, Field2, v trng kho c tn l ID. Sau khi lu d liu xong, c th m bng ch Design iu chnh li tn trng, thuc tnh trng, cho ph hp.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Dng s to tip bng NHACC bng ch g trc tip theo bn thit k sn. S c 7 bc thc hin sau:
1. Chn menu Create. 2. Trong nhm Tables, chn Table.
3. Nh p d liu cho trng u tin v cc trng tip theo. (Ch nh p d liu hoc chn menu chn kiu d liu cho field u c). 4. Lp li bc 3 nh p d liu cho cc dng k tip, mi nh cung cp trn 1 dng. 5. Lu li cu trc bng: Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + S hoc nhn nt Save trn thanh cng c. 6. G tn vo hp thoi yu cu nh p tn cho bng: NHACC (Khng g ting Vit c du hoc cc k t c bit). 7. Nhn OK.
Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy to cc bng KHACHHANG, NHANVIEN, DIENTHOAI bng ch Design View.
2.4.
Cc thuc tnh ca trng d liu
Bn thit k cho cc bng u c phn ghi ch cho cc trng d liu v cc rng buc trn trng . Nhng rng buc d liu s gip hn ch sai st trong lc nh p liu v m bo d liu tun theo ng cc tiu chun trong th gii thc.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Access 2010 h tr vic thit l p cc rng buc thng qua cc thuc tnh ca trng d liu v kiu d liu ca trng . Vic ny c th thit l p ti phn General ca Field Properties (T p hp cc thuc tnh ca trng) nh hnh sau:
Chng ta s ln lt lm quen cc thuc tnh quan trng trong cc phn di y. 2.4.1. Thuc tnh Field Size Dng thit l p kch thc ti a ca d liu cn lu tr. Ch p dng cho cc trng c kiu d liu Number v Text. i vi trng Number, Field size cho bit trng nh n gi tr loi s no.
Bng 2.1. Field size cho d liu kiu s
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Loi s Byte Integer Long Integer Single Double Decimal
l n S nguyn 2 byte S nguyn 4 byte S nguyn 6 byte S thc 8 byte S thc 12 byte S thc 16 byte
Vi trng kiu Text, thuc tnh ny cho bit chiu di ti a ca chui k t.

Vi trng Hoten trong bng KHACHHANG th Field size khong 50, trng MaKH c chn kiu text, ch gm cc ch s th ty thuc s lng khch hng m ca hng d kin s phc v trong khong thi gian 20-30 nm. Gi s s lng khch hng d kin s phc v trong khong di 10.000 ngi th Field size nn l 5 k t (t K0001 n K9999). Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho cc bng v iu chnh li thuc tnh Field Size theo ng bn thit k.
2.4.2. Thuc tnh Format Thuc tnh Format gip thit l p nh dng d liu khi hin th, ngoi tr cc kiu: Memo, OLE, khng cn nh dng hin th.
Bng NHANVIEN yu cu trng NGAYSINH nh dng kiu trnh by l dd/mm/yyyy. Field PHAINU nh dng sao cho Yes(-1) th hin ch Nam, No (0) th hin ch N.
thit l p nh dng, ta cn khai bo cc ch dn. Mt s cc k hiu thng dng:

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Bng 2.2. Mt s k hiu nh dng thng dng
K hiu ! < > & Text (Space) @
Kt qu Canh l tri i thnh ch thng i thnh ch hoa Thm phn ch dn pha sau Hin th ni dung nh trong chui, V d: nu nh dng: & kg th c ni dung l 16 s c hin th l 16kg Hin th khong trng nh mt k t. Bt buc l mt k t, V d: @@@-@@@ th i vi chui 123456 s hin th 123-456, i vi chui 123 s hin th -123 Ch nh mu ch hin th Black, Blue, Green, Red, Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, white,)
[Color]
Trong bng NHANVIEN, trng HOTENNV c nh dng l >[red] ; Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho hai bng NHAVIEN v KHACHHANG iu chnh thuc tnh Field Format cho cc trng HOTENNV, PHAINU, NGAYSINH, ...
2.4.3. Thuc tnh Input Mask Thuc tnh Input Mask Dng qui nh khun dng nh p v kim tra d liu c nh p vo bng, cu truy vn hoc biu mu nh th no.
Trng s in thoi vo bng KHACHHANG phi hin th di dng (###).####### cho d ngi dng nhp vo 10 s lin tc v khng c du chm.
Thuc tnh Input Mask thng ch p dng cho trng c kiu d liu: Text, Number, Date/Time v khng bt buc phi s dng thuc tnh ny. Access dng cc k t sau y quy nh khun dng cho trng:
Bng 2.3. Cc k t quy nh khun dng cho trng
K hiu 0 9 # L ? A
M t Bt buc phi nh p vo con s t 0 n 9. Khng nht thit phi nh p d liu vo, nhng nu nh p th phi nh p con s hoc khong trng. Khng nht thit phi nh p d liu vo, nhng nu nh p th phi nh p con s, khong trng hoc du + hoc du Bt buc phi nh p k t t A n Z. Khng nht thit phi nh p d liu vo, nhng nu nh p th phi nh p k t t A n Z. Bt buc phi nh p k t hoc con s.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 a & C .,:;-/ < > ! \ Password Khng nht thit phi nh p d liu vo, nhng nu nh p th phi nh p k t hoc con s. Bt buc phi nh p d liu, v d liu c th l k t hoc khong trng. Khng nht thit phi nh p d liu vo, nhng nu nh p th phi nh p k t hoc khong trng. Du chm th p phn, du phn cch hng ngn, du phn cch ngy, gi. Bin i d liu thnh ra ch thng. Bin i d liu thnh ra ch hoa. Hin th khun dng t phi sang tri ti v tr t du ! Hin th k t i theo sau nh l k t thun ty. V d: \A s hin th l A M t khu, ngha l khi bn nh p k t vo hp thoi th d liu c cha di dng du *
Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho cc bng NHANVIEN, KHACHHANG iu chnh thuc tnh Field InputMask cho cc trng MANV, NGAYSINH, MAKH,.
2.4.4. Thuc tnh Caption Thit l p tiu ct cho trng gip hin th tn y trong cc biu mu v cc biu bo m chng ta s hc v sau. Tn trng khng nn cha du cch v ch Vit c du, nhng Caption ca cc trng th nn g bng ting Vit c du sao cho d c v nh n bit.
Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho cc bng NHANVIEN, KHACHHANG iu chnh thuc tnh Caption cho tt c cc trng MaNV, MaKH,.
2.4.5. Thuc tnh Default Value thit l p gi tr ngm nh cho trng mi khi thm mi mt bn ghi.
Bng NHACC c hai trng Website, MaNCC u cn iu chnh thuc tnh Format tha mn cc iu kin ghi ch. Trng Website cn bt u bi 3 k t www. ; trng MaNCC cn k t u lun hin sn ch A. Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View thit k bng NHANVIEN, KHACHHANG, iu chnh thuc tnh Default Value cho cc trng MANV, MAKH.
2.4.6. Thuc tnh Validation Rule Thit l p iu kin kim tra tnh ng n ca d liu khi c nh p vo.
Trng MaKH ca KHACHHANG phi nhp vo bt u bng ch K. Khi thuc tnh Validation Rule ca trng MaKH phi g: Like K* Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho hai bng NHANVIEN v KHACHHANG iu chnh thuc tnh Validation Rule cho cc trng MaNV, MaKH.
2.4.7. Thuc tnh Validation Text Thit l p chui thng bo i km vi Validation Rule. Khi d liu nh p vo khng ng vi qui nh Validation Rule th s hin thng bo ny.
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ng vi trng MaKH khai bo Validation Rule nh trn. Khi ti thuc tnh Validation Text ta s phi g M khch hng c nhp bt u bng ch K. Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho hai bng NHANVIEN v KHACHHANG iu chnh thuc tnh Validation Text cho cc trng MaNV, MaKH.
2.4.8. Thuc tnh Required yu cu phi nh p d liu cho trng ny (nu thit l p Yes) khi bt u mt bn ghi mi hoc khng nu thit l p No.
Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho hai bng NHANVIEN v KHACHHANG iu chnh thuc tnh required cho cc trng HOTENNV, HOTENKH.
2.4.9. Thuc tnh Allow Zero Length: Ch nh tnh trng d liu nh p c cho php chui rng (yes) hay khng (No).
Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho hai bng NHANVIEN v KHACHHANG iu chnh thuc tnh Allow Zero Length cho cc trng.
2.4.10. Thuc tnh Index: To ch mc cho trng nhm tng tc tm kim, sp xp trn d liu theo trng. a. Thit lp Index cho mt trng n: No (mc nh): khng c; Yes (Duplicates OK): cho php trng; Yes(No Duplicates): khng cho php trng. - M Table ch Design View, menu View, chn Index (hoc nt Index trn thanh cng c Table Design). - Trong Index name, nh p tn cho Index. - Trong ct Field name, click chut chn tn trng. Trong dng th hai ca Field Name, chn tip tn ca Index ny nu cn. - C th dng ti a 10 trng cho mt Index. Nu kha chnh ca bng l mt trng n, thuc tnh Index s c gn No Duplicates.
Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy m ch Design View cho hai bng NHANVIEN v KHACHHANG iu chnh thuc tnh Index cho cc trng mun tm kim, sp xp.
b. Thit lp Index cho nhiu trng:
Ch : Khng th t Index cho trng kiu Memo, Hyperlink hay OLE Object.
2.4.11. Thit l p thuc tnh LOOKUP Vi nhng trng m gi tr c ly t mt danh sch nm trong gii hn cho trc, vic thit l p thuc tnh LOOKUP s gip trnh vic nh p gi tr sai so vi danh sch ny, ng thi gip vic nh p liu tr nn nhanh v tin dng hn. C 2 loi danh sch c sn: danh sch c sn t Table/Query v danh sch c lit k c nh t ban u. Lookup t mt Table/Query c sn:
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Qua cch nh p d liu cho cc kha ngoi ca bng ny i hi phi c chnh xc vi kha chnh trn bng kia. Vi nhng danh mc ln n hng trm, th m ch nhiu hn na th vic nh m nh p d liu qu l kh khn v dn n vic g sai m, g nhm m. Thuc tnh LOOKUP s gip gii quyt phn no vic kh khn trong nh p d liu trn cc bng c quan h nh v y. N s thit l p tm kim gi tr ca trng ny ca bng ny cho vic nh p liu trn trong khc ca bng khc.
Vi CSDL Qun l ca hng in thoi th i vi trng MaKH ca bng PHIEUXUAT, ta cn thit lp thuc tnh LOOKUP sang trng MaKH ca bng KHACHHANG. Hoc vi bng DIENTHOAI th trng MaHSX cng nn thit lp thuc tnh lookup sang trng MaHSX ca bng HANGSX,
Cch thit l p thuc tnh LOOKUP (theo v d b).

1. M bng c trng cn thit l p LOOKUP (bng DIENTHOAI), xem ch Design View. 2. Ti ct Data Type ca trng cn thit l p thuc tnh LOOKUP (trng MaHSX), chn mc Lookup Wizard t menu xung: 3. Hp thoi Lookup Wizard xut hin. Chn mc I want the lookup field to get the value from another table or query. 4. Chn Next.
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5. Chn bng/query cha d liu cn a vo danh sch (bng HANGSX): 6. Chn Next. 7. Chn nhng trng ca bng/query s c hin th trn danh sch (trng MaHSX). 8. Chn nt > (nt >> nu mun chn tt c cc trng). 9. Lp li bc 7-8 cho tt c cc trng c chn. 10. Chn Next. 11. Nu mun n MaKH khi chn d liu hy chn mc Hide key column (recommended), nu khng th b qua v nhn Next tip tc. 12. t t n cho trng lookup nu cn. 13. Check mc Enable Data Intergrity nu mun to rng buc d liu gia 2 bng. 14. Check mc Allow Multible Value nu mun trng LOOKUP cho php chn v lu cng lc nhiu gi tr. 15. Bm Finish kt thc.
16. Chn Yes Hp thoi yu cu ghi li cu trc bng lu. Chn No nu khng mun lu.
Lookup t mt danh sch c lit k tr c.
Gi tr ca thuc tnh CHUCVU trong table NHANVIEN phi l mt trong nhng gi tr t danh sch sau: {Thu ngn, Bn hng, K ton, Bo v}. Trang 23
Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Cch thit l p gm 7 bc:
1. M bng c trng cn thit l p LOOKUP (bng DIENTHOAI), xem ch Design View. 2. Ti ct Data Type ca trng cn thit l p thuc tnh LOOKUP (trng MaHSX), chn mc Lookup Wizard t menu xung: 3. Hp thoi Lookup Wizard xut hin. Chn mc I will type in the values what I want. 4. Chn Next.
5. Nh p s lng ct mun to cho danh sch. 6. Ln lt nh p cc gi tr vo cho n khi ht danh sch (sau khi nh p gi tr u tin chuyn dng nh p cc gi tr tip theo, nhn phm TAB). 7. Nhn Finish hon tt vic to danh sch.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 2.5. Cc ch lm vic v i bng
2.5.1. M bng ch xem v nh p liu Dung c th xem kt qu sau khi nh p liu ch Datasheet nh sau:
2 1
1. Click i chut ln tn bng cn xem (bng KHACHHANG), hoc chn bng ri Click chut phi, chn Open. 2. Bng s c m ra mn hnh bn phi nh hnh 2.16.
2.5.2. M bng ch chnh sa cu trc Khi cn iu chnh cu trc ca bng ch Design View nh hnh 2.3, ta s thc hin nh sau:
1. Chn bng cn chnh sa. 2. Click chut phi v chn Design View.
1 2
Trn y ch l cc thao tc lm vic n gin vi bng. Dng s tip tc hng dn Dung tm hiu cc thao tc lm vic vi bng bi tip theo. 2.5.3. ng bng Khi thi lm vic vi bng, ta c th ng bng li:
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1. Chn tn bng. 2. Click chut phi v chn menu Close. Cch khc: Bm vo nt ng bng gc trn bn phi.
2.6.
Tm tt bui hc
Hm nay, chng ta c mt bui hc di v Bng. Bng l n v cn bn lu tr v t chc d liu. Bng biu din cc i tng v mi quan h gia cc i tng trong thc t bng cc dng v ct. Mi dng ca bng s biu din cc i tng trong thc t. Mi ct c t tn phn nh thuc tnh thng tin ca i tng trn. Cc d liu ca tng ct c quy nh kiu d liu rt cht ch, cng nh chu s rng buc thng qua cc thuc tnh ca trng d liu. Vic ny gip lu tr d liu khoa hc v phn nh ng cc tnh cht ca d liu tong thc t. Nhng li nh p liu s b hn ch ti a thng qua kiu d liu v thuc tnh trng d liu. Mc d, Dng ch mi to cho Dung hai bng NHACC, KHACHHANG thng qua hai hnh thc g lnh trc tip v dng Design View nhng Dung c th t minh to c tt c 7 bng cn li ca CSDL QL_CHDD. Dung s dng thuc tnh cc trng chnh sa cc thuc tnh trng d liu theo ng yu cu ca bng thit k.
Thc hnh nh: Sau bui hc, Dung hy to 6 bng cn li v chnh cc thuc tnh thch hp theo cc bng m t sau.
T3_DIENTHOAI: dng lu tr thng tin ca tt c cc my in thoi ti ca hng. Tn field Kiu d Kch Ghi ch liu thc Kho chnh MADT Text 4 K t u l ch in, ba k t sau l s Tiu : M in thoi Bt buc nh p TENDT Text 50 Tiu : Tn in thoi Kho ngoi MAHSX Text 50 Tiu : M hng SX OLE Tiu : Hnh nh HINHANH Object nh dng hin th n v tin t VND v c du phn cch n v hng ngn DONGIA Currency VD: 2000000 -> 2,000,000 VND Phi >=0 Tiu : n gi WIFI Yes/No C = yes; Khng = no
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 BLUETOOTH HONGNGOAI FMRADIO CAMERA NGHENHAC DACDIEMKHAC Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Memo C = yes; Khng = no C = yes; Khng = no Tiu : Hng ngoi C = yes; Khng = no C = yes; Khng = no C = yes; Khng = no Tiu : Nghe nhc Cc tnh nng khc ca in thoi Tiu : c im khc
T4_HANGSX: dng luu tr thng tin ca cc hng sn xut TD Tn field Kiu d liu Text Kch thc 3 Ghi ch Kho chnh MAHSX K t u l ch in, hai k t sau l s Tiu : M hng SX TENHSX WEBSITE Text Text 20 30 nh dng ch in hoa Tiu : Tn hng SX Lun hin sn www.
T5_NHACC: dng lu tr thng tin ca cc nh cung cp hng ha cho ca hng. Kiu d Tn field Kch thc Ghi ch liu Kho chnh MANCC Text 4 K t u l ch A, ba k t sau l s Tiu : M nh cung cp TENNCC Text 50 Tiu : Tn nh cung cp DIACHI Text 100 Tiu : a ch DIENTHOAI Text 15 Tiu : in thoi EMAIL Text 50 WEBSITE Text 30 Lun hin sn www. T6_PHIEUNHAP: dng lu tr thng tin ca vic nh p (mua) hng ha vo ca hng. Kch Tn field Kiu d liu Ghi ch thc Long Kho chnh SOPN Number integer Tiu : S phiu nh p Kiu dd/mm/yyyy iu kin phi <= ngy hin hnh NGAY Date/Time Mc nh = bng ngy hin hnh Tiu : Ngy nh p Kho ngoi MANV Text 50 Gi tr ly t Table NHANVIEN Tiu : M nhn vin MANCC Text 50 Kho ngoi
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Gi tr ly t Table NHACC Tiu M nh cung cp T7_CTPHIEUNHAP: dng lu tr thng tin chi tit ca mi mt ln nh p hng. Kch Tn field Kiu d liu Ghi ch thc Kho chnh, kha ngoi SOPN Number Gi tr ly t Table PHIEUNHAP Tiu : S phiu nh p Kho chnh, kho ngoi MADT Text Gi tr ly t Table DIENTHOAI Tiu : M in thoi Phi >= 0 SOLUONG Number Byte Tiu : S lng nh dng hin th n v tin t VND v c du phn cch n v hng ngn GIANHAP Currency VD: 2000000 -> 2,000,000 VND Phi >= 0 Tiu : Gi nh p T8_PHIEUXUAT: dng lu tr thng tin ca vic xut (bn) hng cho khch hng. Tn field Kiu d liu Kch thc Ghi ch Kho chnh SOPX Number Long integer Tiu : S phiu xut Kiu dd/mm/yyyy. Phi <= ngy hin hnh NGAY Date/Time Mc nh = bng ngy hin hnh Tiu : Ngy xut Kho ngoi MANV Text 50 Gi tr ly t Table NHANVIEN Tiu : M nhn vin Kho ngoi MAKH Text 5 Gi tr ly t Table KHACHHANG Tiu : M khch hng T9_CTPHIEUXUAT: dng lu tr thng tin chi tit ca mi ln bn hng Tn field Kiu d liu Kch thc Ghi ch Kho chnh, kha ngoi Long SOPX Number Gi tr ly t Table PHIEUXUAT integer Tiu : S phiu xut Kho chnh, kho ngoi MADT Text Gi tr ly t Table DIENTHOAI Tiu : M in thoi Phi >= 0 SOLUONG Number Byte Tiu : S lng nh dng hin th n v tin t VND v c du phn cch n v hng ngn GIAXUAT Currency VD: 2000000 -> 2,000,000 VND Phi >= 0 Tiu : Gi xut
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Bi ging 3 Bng Cc k nng x l nng cao

Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: Thc hin c cc thao tc x l d liu trn bng Chnh sa c cu trc ca bng Ly c d liu t cc bng ca CSDL khc Trnh by c mi lin kt gia cc bng trong Access To c mi lin kt gia cc bng Trnh by c qui trnh chun xy dng CSDL trong Access
Gii thiu Bi hc hm trc th t di v vt v. Tuy nhin, hai bn tr to c tt c 9 bng ca CSDL qun l ca hng di ng. Hai bn cn m bo d liu theo ng cc chun thc t nh vo iu chnh cc thuc tnh trn trng d liu. Cc thuc tnh trng s pht huy tc dng trong vic nh p liu, chnh sa cu trc v vic to ra cc lin kt bng ngy hm nay. Cc cu hi trng tm ca hm nay m Dung dnh cho Dng l: 1. Lm cch no lu tr c, thng tin c nhn v file hnh nh cho cc nhn vin? 2. Lm cch no lc ra cc nhn vin n trong danh sch nhn vin v sp xp h theo th t ABC? 3. Cc li nhp liu hay gp l g? Sau khi bng thit k cc bng c trnh ln b Bng. B mun lm r thm mt s cu hi lin quan n qun l cc bng. Cu hi ca b Bng l: 4. 5. 6. 7. C th thm ct d liu vo mt bng c sn c khng? Lm sao ly d liu t bng trong CSDL ny sang CSDL khc? Lm sao hn ch vic nhp sai m s nhn vin trong bng phiu nhp? Hy tng qut ha cc bc m Dng v Dung lm sut my hm nay to ra mt CSDL hon chnh trong Access?
Phn 3.1 s trnh by cc k thu t nh p liu, x l d liu trn bng v cc li ph bin hay gp. Dung s tm thy cc cu tr li thng qua cc k thu t nh p liu, sp xp v lc d liu vi bng. Phn 3.2 s tho lu n v cch chnh sa cu trc cng nh cch trnh by ca bng. Vi cc thao tc thm trng hay xa trng, thay i th t cc ct, b Bng c th c cc bng vi cc trng d liu ng . Phn 3.3 s tr li cu hi 5, khi chng ta mun k tha d liu t cc bng ca CSDL khc. B quyt ca vic hn ch nh p sai m s nhn vin trong bng phiu nh p nm phn 3.4 vi vic thit l p cc mi quan h gia cc bng. Phn 3.5 s mang n cu tr li cho cu hi 7. 3.1. X l d liu trn bng
Vi cc bng to ra hm trc, Dng v Dung s nh p v x l mt s d liu. u tin l k thu t nh p v chnh sa d liu trnh by phn 3.1.1; Thao tc xa d liu trnh by phn 3.1.2; Cc thao tc lc v sp xp d liu s trnh by ln lt phn 3.1.3 v 3.1.4. Vic x l s liu s pht sinh rt nhiu li h thng. Dng s truyn kinh nghim sa li cho Dung trong sut phn ny.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 3.1.1. Nh p v sa d liu Dung hy quan st 3 v d m Dng nh p liu t rt ra k thu t nh p liu.
V d 1: Nhp khch hng c tn l Nguyn Th Thanh Tm, a ch l 8 Nguyn Vn Trng, m khch hng l K0001, SoDT l: 0909090909 v email l tamnguyen@gmail.com vo bng khch hng.
1. Click i chut ln tn bng cn xem/nh p d liu (bng KHACHHANG), hoc chn bng ri Click chut phi, chn Open. 2. Thc hin nh p d liu vo tng ct bng ang m bng bn phm. Nh p d liu tng ng cho khch hng mi.
M li khch hng K0001 hy i s in thoi l 0968686868 v email l master_acccess@yahoo.com.
1. 2.
M bng trong ch nh p liu. Click vo cn hiu chnh v sa li d liu.
Thc hnh trong lp: 1. Hy thm vo bng KHACHHANG, 05 v khch vi cc thng tin bng 1.1.1a 2. Hy thm vo bng NHANVIEN 7 nhn vin vi cc thng tin bng 1.1.1b
M khch hng K0002 K0003
H tn inh Huy Phng Hunh Th Hng Phn
a ch
in thoi
E mail
X Ph th, Huyn Kim 0973457059 mn, Tnh Hi Dng 69/3 Thn Nhn Trung, F.13,Q.Tn Bnh phan_32@yahoo.com
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K0004 K0005 K0006 Trn Hu Long Trn Minh Phng 19/329 Tn an, Lc ho, 0908565414 Nam nh khu ph 7, Th Trn Nh 0934041100 B, Huyn Nh B phuthuy_thien@yahoo.com cau5_nhut_vn@yahoo.com
Hunh Thanh 225 Bi Quang Chiu,M 0919089586 Phng Cy,Bn Tre
M H tn Phi nhn Ngy sinh nhn vin n vin
a ch nhn vin
in thoi nhn vin
E-mail nhn vin
Chc v
Hnh nh
H s 0 0 0
NV01 Hunh Th Yes 01/01/1989 69/3 Thn Hng Phn Trung NV02 Trn Minh No Phng
Nhn 0919089586 phan_32@yahoo. Nv bn com hng phuthuy_thien@y K ton ahoo.com
18/09/1989 Kp7 th trn NH B, 7850583 h. Nh B
NV03 Nguyn L Yes 11/08/1989 t 8 KP3 th trn C 0976678215 loveanyle@yaho Nv bn Phng Chi, h.C Chi o.com hng Tho NV04 Lai Minh Yes 28/07/1989 102/2 L Thng 0938473262 Hng Kit, Q.G Vp Nv bn hng
0 0 0 0
NV05 ng Yes 10/10/1983 123Thi Bng P.4 0934561237 ifyoucomeback@ Bo v, Nh Ngc TX.Vnh Long yahoo.com tp v NV06 Hunh Cng Bo No 27/07/1984 78/9 L Lai, Q.1 0984000340 huynhcongbao89 K thu t @yahoo.com vin
NV07 Nguyn Yes 03/12/1980 56/01N Trang 0989973644 lamtac2008@yah Nv bn Thu Dung Long, Q.Bnh Thnh oo.com hng
Nh p liu cho trng c kiu d liu l OLE V d 2: Bng NHANVIEN c 7 nhn vin, nhng Dung vn cha nh p trng HINHANH cho h. Dng s ch cho Dung cch nh p file hnh nh cho nhn vin c email l: phan_32@yahoo.com.
1. Click i chut m bng NHANVIEN ch nh p liu v di chuyn chut n nhn vi n

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2. Ti mc tng ng ct Hinhanh, click chut phi. 3. Chn mc Insert Object
4. Chn hnh 5. Chn hnh
mc nh mc nh
Create New v trnh ng dng tng ng nu mun chn vo 1 bng cch to mi. Create from File v t p tin tng ng nu mun chn vo 1 bng cch chn hnh c sn.
Nh p liu cho trng c kiu d liu l Attachment. V d 3: Nh p liu cho trng Hoso ca bng NHANVIEN cho nhn vin c email l lamtac2008@yahoo.com.
1. Click i chut m bng NHANVIEN ch nh p liu, di chuyn iu khin n nhn vin 2. Ti mc tng ng ct H s, click i chut. 3. Chn mc Add v chn File cn gn vo.
Qua 3 v d trn Dung hon ton nm c k thu t nh p v sa i d liu trn bng. nm chc hn, Dung cn luyn t p thm.
Thc hnh trong lp: Dung hy b sung thm cc ct hnh nh v cc tp tin h s km theo cho mi nhn vin.
Trong lc nh p liu Dung s c th gp cc li ph bin sau: LI 1:
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L do: nh p vo gi tr khng tng thch vi kiu d liu ca trng.

Trng kiu Numeric m g vo ch ci; hoc i vi trng kiu Date/Time khng g y cc gi tr ngy, thng, nm th li ny s xut hin.
Khc phc: hy nh p li cho ng, gi tr cc trng yu cu n khi khng xut hin thng bo li. LI 2:
L do: Bn khng nh p gi tr hoc trng gi tr trng kho. l trng kho lun yu cu phi nh p d liu cho mi bn ghi.
Hy th nhp vo bng NHANVIEN mt bn ghi mi m khng nhp vo trng MANV th li ny s xut hin.
Khc phc: phi nh p y gi tr cho trng kho. LI 3:
L do: Gi tr trng kho trng nhau. Gi tr trng kho va nh p vo trng vi gi tr ca mt bn ghi no trn bng d liu.
Hy th nhp vo bng KHACHHANG mt bn ghi mi c MAKH l KH001 trng vi khch hng Nguyn Th Thanh Tm th li ny s xut hin.
Khc phc: Nh p li gi tr trng kho khc sao cho va ng, v khng b trng kho. LI 4:
L do: thc hin mt thao tc vi phm cc nguyn tc m bo ton vn d liu.

Li xy ra khi nhp d liu A111 cho ct MAHSX trn bng DIENTHOAI m d liu va nhp khng c trn bng HANGSX. V gia 2 bng ny c mi quan h rng buc ton v d liu vi nhau. Dung s hiu k vn ny hn sau khi hc tip phn 3.4 v .35
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Khc phc: Tm v nh p cho ng gi tr theo bng quan h 1 tng ng (bng HANGSX). Cch khc phc li ny c gii thiu mc thuc tnh LookUp. 3.1.2. Xo bn ghi Dng minh ha k thu t thao tc xo bn ghi bng cch xo 2 bn ghi H004 v H005 ra khi bng DIENTHOAI ang m. C th chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi bng cch dng chut nh du u dng nhng bn ghi cn chn.
1. Nhp chut phi, chn Delete Record 2. Chn Yes hp thoi sau ng xo; No nu khng mun xo.
Lu : D liu ng xo s khng th phc hi li c. Nn phi cn nhc trc quyt nh ny cng nh trc cc cu hi kiu Yes/No. Thc hnh trong gi: Dung hy xa 2 bn ghi cui cng ra khi cc bng KHACHHANG.
3.1.3. Sp xp d liu Sp xp l vic thay i th t hin th mt bng d liu theo mt tr t t no . Kt qu ca vic sp xp gip ngi dng c th quan st c tt hn d liu trn bng. Tt nhin mun quan st bng d liu theo trng no phi thc hin sp xp bng theo d liu trng y. Dng minh ha k thu t ny bng cch sp xp bng DIENTHOAI theo trng tn in thoi. Lc ny, rt d tm ra in thoi theo tn.
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1. t con tr l n trng (ct) mun sp xp (T n in thoi). 2. Nhn nt lnh sp xp trn thanh cng c:
: sp xp d liu tng dn. : sp xp d liu gim dn.

Thc tp trong gi: Dung hy sp xp bng NHANVIEN theo th t ABC ca trng tn nhn vin.
3.1.4. Lc d liu Lc d liu s lc ra nhng bn ghi trn bng c cng mt s gi tr cho trc. Vic lc d liu s gip ngi dng lm vic ng vi t p hp cc bn ghi mong mun.
Sp n ngy Quc t Ph n 8-3. B Bng quyt nh thng mi nhn vin n 200,000. c ct thng trn bng cng danh sch tt c nhn vin ca cng ty, lm sao Dung c th nhp vo gi tr ct thng cho ch em (khng nhp cho nam gii) l nhanh nht? Nu Dung c ln m xem ai l n ri nhp 200,000 cho ct thng s l rt lu.
Dng minh ha cho Dung cch gii quyt vn bng cch: (i) Lc ra danh sch l cc nhn vin n. ii Sau , nh p 200,000 vo trng TIENTHUONG cho tt c cc bn ghi lc. Cc b c tin hnh nh sau:
1. Chn trng cn lc d liu. (Phi n). 2. Chn Menu Home.

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3. Chn Filter.
4. Thit l p iu kin lc tr n trng ang chn. (Trong trng hp ny ch chn Yes chn phi n). 5. Click chn OK 6. Kt qu s hin th danh sch ch ton cc n nhn vi n v Dung c th d dng nh p s tin thng vo bng
Lu : Tu theo tng kiu d liu ca trng trch lc m Access s c cho php thit lp cc iu kin trch lc a dng hn mc Text Filter/ Data Filter/ Number Filter.
hu ch lc d liu tr v bnh thng Dung cn lm 2 b c sau:
1. Chn Menu Home. 2. Chn Toggle Filter.
3.2.
Chnh sa cu trc v cch trnh by bng
Dng v Dung trnh by cc bng d liu cho b Bng xem. B rt vui khi thy hai bn tr thit k cc bng rt tt. Tuy nhin, vi con mt ca nh qun l b thy cn phi chnh sa li mt s ct cho hp l. B mun bng KHACHHANG co thm trng NGAYSINH ca hng c th tng qu cho khch VIP ng dp sinh nht ca h. i tn ct HOTEN thnh (ngh mt tnh hung i tn ct)
Cc thao tc thm ct, i tn ct, thay i th t ct, xa ct, thay i rng s trnh by ln lt qua cc v d c th trong cc phn 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3 v 3.2.4. 3.2.1. Thm ct Thm ct Ngy sinh vo bng KHACHHANG
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1. Click phi chut tr n ti u ct m mnh s thm ct mi bn tri (chn ct H tn, s chn ct mi trc ct H tn). 2. Chn mc Insert Field tr n menu xung.
Khi tn Field mc nh s l Field1 3.2.2. i tn ct Sau khi thm ct mc 3.2.1 trn, tin hnh i tn Field mc nh Field1 thnh Ngaysinh
1. Click phi chut tr n ti u ct mun i tn (Field 1). 2. Chn mc Rename Field tr n menu xung. 3. G tn Field mi l Ngaysinh
3.2.3. Di chuyn 1 ct Chuyn ct Ngy sinh va to sang sau ct H tn

1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. Click chn ct cn di chuyn (ct Ngy sinh). Ko (drag) n v tr cn t v th chut. Click phi chut tr n ti u ct cn xo. Chn mc Delete Field tr n menu xung. Click phi chut tr n ti u ct Chn mc Field Width trn menu xung. Khai bo rng ct trn hp thoi Click OK. cn thay i rng.
3.2.4. Xo ct
3.2.5. Thay i rng ct 3 4
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 3.3. Ly cc bng t CSDL khc Vic sao chp ton b cu trc v d liu ca cc bng thuc cc CSDL khc nhau din ra rt d dng di s h tr ca Access.
Ca hng in thoi di ng ABC ca gia nh ca b Tuyt, ch gi b Bng cng dng Access 2010 qun l cng vic. Hai ca hng u c bng danh sch cc in thoi ging nhau. tit kim thi gian, Dng xin Lm cho Dng bng danh sch cc loi in thoi ca ca hng b Tuyt lu trn Access 2010.
Gi s CSDL ca b Tuyt c tn l ABC.accdb v bng lu tr danh sch cc in thoi c tn l Dienthoai ang c trn my tnh ca Dng. Dng s tin hnh ly d liu nh sau:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Chn menu External Data. Chn mc Access. Chn Browse. Chn CSDL cha d liu cn ly (ABC.accdb). Chn mc Import Tables, Queries, Forms, Reports, Modules into the Current Database. 6. Nhn OK.
Macros, and
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7. Click OK. 8. Chn 1 hay nhiu bng cn sao chp: DIENTHOAI. 9. Tu Chn:
a. Definition and Data : nu mun chp c cu trc bng v d liu km theo. b. Definition only: Nu ch mun chp cu trc bng. c. Check vo cc tu chn Import km theo nu c nhu cu.
10. Click OK.
Sau khi ly cc bng t CSDL khc, cn thay i cu trc cho ph hp vi CSDL hin ti nu cn.
3.4.
Lin kt bng
Trong th gii thc gia cc i tng lun c cc mi quan h vi nhau. Lin kt gia 2 bng phn nh mi quan h trong thc t gia 2 nhm thc th m hai bng phn nh.
Phiu nhp trong thc t u gn vi mt nhn vin nhp hng v mt nh cung cp. m phng mi cc quan h ny trong bng PHIEUNHAP lu tr phiu nhp s c hai trng MaNV v MaNCC ln lt lu tr m s ca nhn vin nhp hng v m s nh cung cp. Nh vy, hai trng trn va l trng d liu bnh thng ca bng PHIEUNHAP va ln lt l kha chnh ca hai bng NHANVIEN v NHACUNGCAP.
nh ngha 3.1: Trong trng hp trng d liu ca bng ny li l kha chnh ca bng kia, chng ta ni tn ti mt lin kt gia hai bng. Nu CSDL to mt rng buc gia mt trng d liu C ca bng A vi kha chnh ca bng B th CSDL s lun kim tra mi khi thm bt cc bn ghi ca hai bng A, B m bo bn ghi bt k no ca bng A nu trng C khc rng th n phi l kha chnh ca mt bn ghi no ca bng B.
Nu lin kt bng c to ra gia bng PHIEUNHAP v NHANVIEN th khi nhp liu cho PHIEUNHAP nu m s nhn vin khng xut hin trong bng NHANVIEN th Access 2010 s bo li.
Trong Access tn ti 2 kiu lin kt: Lin kt 1-1: mi bn ghi ca bng B s lin kt vi duy nht ti mt bn ghi ca bng A.
Bi thi ca mt th sinh ch c duy nht mt s phch v mt im thi.
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Lin kt 1-n: mi bn ghi ca bng B s c th lin kt vi mt hoc nhiu bn ghi ca bng nhiu A.
Mi hng sn xut c th sn xut nhiu chic in thoi khc nhau, nhng 1 chic in thoi th ch thuc duy nht 1 nh sn xut v ch mt m thi.
Vic to lin kt gia cc bng khng ch m bo cng tc nh p liu chnh xc hn m cn gip thu n li trong vic khai thc d liu vi cu truy vn. CSDL kim sot cht ch v lun bit r bn ghi bt k lin kt vi cc bn ghi khc v s kt ni chng trong cc cu truy vn d dng. 3.4.1. To lin kt gia cc bng (Relationship) Dng minh ha cch thit l p lin kt cho mt cp bng DIENTHOAI- HANGSX.
1. 2.
M ca s thit l p lin kt Database Tool. Chn Relationship.
Trang 40
3. 4. 5.
Chn mt hay cc bng (bng cch gi phm shift).V d: chn bng DIENTHOAI v HANGSX. Chn nt Add. Xong bm Close ng ca s li.
Thc hin to kt ni gia tng cp bng theo thit k nh sau:
1.
Dng chut ko (Drag) trng cn lin kt ca bng ny th (Drop) l n trng cn lin kt n ca bng kia.
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V d: Ko trng MaHSX ca bng HANGSX th l n trng MaHSX ca bng DIENTHOAI Khi hp thoi Edit Relationships xut hin: 2. nh du Check vo cc mc trong trng hp mun thit l p cc thuc tnh m bo ton vn d liu (Enforce Referential Integrity) cho mi lin kt. ngha ca tng mc c trnh by b n di. 3. Bm Create to mi quan h. 4. L p li bc 6-7-8 to ht cc cp bng c mi lin kt vi nhau. 5. Trong trng hp mun hin th v thm bng th bm nt Show Table. 6. Bm Save lu li tt c cc mi lin kt va to. 7. Chn Close ng ca s Relationship.
Enforce Referential Integrity: thit l p thuc tnh m bo ton vn DL. - Cascade Update Related Fields: m bo vic c p nh t d liu gia 2 bng lin quan c tng ng. Nu gi tr trng kho chnh lin kt bng 1 (MaHSX ca bng HANGSX) b thay i th ton b gi tr trng kho lin kt bng nhiu (MaHSX ca bng DIENTHOAI) cng b thay i theo. Cascade Delete Related Records: m bo khi xa d liu gia 2 bng lin quan. Nu mt bn ghi bng c quan h 1 b xo, ton b cc bn ghi c quan h vi bn ghi hin ti s c t ng xo bng c quan h nhiu (nu xo 1 hng sn xut th ton b cc hiu in thoi tng ng ca hng cng s t ng b xo khi bng DIENTHOAI).
Hp Relationship Type: cho bit kiu quan h gia 2 bng ang thit l p.
Cc kiu quan h (Relationship Type): One To One : Kiu 1 - 1 One To Many : Kiu 1 - (1 - nhiu) Indeterminate Khng xc nh c kiu lin kt Tu thuc vo kiu kho ca cc trng tham gia lin kt m Access t xc nh ra c kiu lin kt gia 2 bng. Di y l mt s kiu lin kt c Access t ng xc nh:
Stt
1 2 3 4
Bng A Kha chnh Kha chnh Kha ph Khng kha
Bng B Kha chnh Kha ph (hoc khng kha) Kha ph (hoc khng kha) Khng kha
Kiu lin kt 1-1 1-n Khng xc nh c kiu lin kt Khng xc nh c kiu lin kt
Thc hnh trong lp: Thit lp mi quan h gia 9 bng thit k trong bi 2 theo hnh 2.1
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 3.4.2. Mt s li thng gp khi thit l p quan h LI 1: Khi hp Relationships Type ch Indeterminate c ngha l quan h ang thit l p khng ng v cu trc kho ca 2 bng (quan h sai).
V d: khi to mi quan h gia bng DIENTHOAI v HANGX, nhng Dung ko th lin kt gia 2 trng TenDT v TenHSX Quan h sai.
LI 2: Trong trng hp thit l p cc thuc tnh m bo ton vn d liu nu gp phi hp thoi thng bo li sau:
Li ny do mt s d liu ang tn ti trong bng quan h khng tho mn vi bng quan h 1 m n lin kt. Thng xy ra khi ko th mi quan h khng chnh xc, trng kho ca bng ny khng ng vi kho ngoi ca bng kia hoc c mt s d liu trong trng kho ngoi ca bng ny khng kh p v i d liu vi kho chnh trong bng m n lin kt. V d: Hnh trn xy ra khi bng DIENTHOAI c mt s sn phm in thoi khai bo khng khp hoc cha c trong bng HANGSX nh v y l khng hp l, khng tho mn cc iu kin v ton vn d liu gia 2 bng ny. LI 3: Nu gp phi li sau y khi kt ni gia 2 bng:
Li ny xy ra khi 2 trng tham gia kt ni khng cng kiu d liu. V d: mt trng kiu Number, trng kia kiu Text; hoc mt trng kiu Text, trng kia kiu Date/Time u b sai v khng cng kiu d liu.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 3.5. Quy trnh chun xy dng c s d liu Access n y Dng c th khuyn co cho Dung mt qui trnh tt xy dng mt CSDL Access theo thit k sn c: B c 1: Bc u tin trong vic xy dng mt CSDL l xc nh mc ch ca CSDL. Chng ta cn bit thng tin no m chng ta cn t CSDL. T c th xc nh s to bao nhiu bng d liu, cc trng d liu v loi d liu nh th no. B c 2: Ln lt xy dng cu trc tng bng d liu trong CSDL. Vi mi bng d liu khi khai bo cu trc cn gii quyt cc cng vic sau : Khai bo danh sch cc trng ca bng ct Field Name. Chn kiu d liu ph hp cho cc trng ct Data Type. Thit l p trng kho cho bng. Thit l p mt s tnh cht khc cn thit cho cc trng phn Field Properties nh : Field Size, Format, Input Mark, Requried, Validate Rule, t tn bng. B c 3 : Ln lt thit l p thuc tnh LOOKUP cho cc trng mt cch ph hp. Mi quan h trn bng thit k s cn mt thao tc thit l p thuc tnh LOOKUP t trng trn bng quan h nhiu sang trng bng quan h mt. B c 4 : Thit l p cc thuc tnh m bo ton vn d liu cn thit cho cc quan h ti ca s Relationships. B c 5 : Thc hin nh p d liu cho cc bng nu cn. Khi nh p cn lu Bng c quan h 1 phi c nh p d liu trc bng c quan h nhiu. 3.6. Tm tt bui hc
Dung v Dng bt u bng cc thao tc nh p d liu vo 9 bng c thit k vo bui hc trc. Access h tr rt tt cc kiu d liu khc nhau. Dng khng nhng ch cho Dung cch nh p liu dng text n gin m cn hng dn Dung lu tr c t p tin hoc hnh nh vo CSDL. Khi nh p liu phi ch n cc li lin quan n kiu d liu trnh by trong phn 3.1.1. truy xut n cc bn ghi cn thit, chng ta c th s dng cc k thu t lc v sp xp d liu trn bng trnh by trong phn 3.1.3 v 3.1.4. Vi Design-View, hai bn tr c th chnh sa li cu trc bng theo ng yu cu ca b Bng. Khng nhng th, danh sch in thoi ca ca hng b Tuyt ch gi c nh p ton b vo CSDL mi mt cch d dng. Gia cc bng trong CSDL quan h vi nhau bi lin kt bng. iu ny phn nh c mi quan h ca i tng thuc th gii thc. Lin kt bng c thit l p khi chng ta thng bo cho CSDL rng trng d liu ca ct ny ng vai tr kha chnh ca bng kia. Access cung cp 2 loi quan h: 1-1 v 1-nhiu. Vic thit l p quan h s hn ch li nh p liu v s gip lin kt cc bng d dng trong vic xy dng cc cu truy vn bi sau. Bui hc hm nay kt thc vi vic Dung c th t mnh t chc c h thng bng lu tr d liu nu thc hin theo ng quy trnh trnh by trong phn 3.5. V nh, Dung s phi hon chnh vic nh p liu cng nh thit l p y mi quan h gia cc bng.
Bi thc hnh nh: Dung tin hnh thit lp cc thuc tnh Lookup cn thit v thc hin nhp d liu cho 6 bng cn li. Trang 44
Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 T4_HANGSX M hng sx I01 L01 M01 N01 S01 S02 S03 W01 T5_NHACC
M nh CC A001 Tn nh cung cp Hong Pht Mobile Phc L p Mobile Tin Cng Mobile HT ban le DTDD Mbay Th gii di ng in thoi nh cung cp Kit 12- KCN 0984900928 Sng Thn -Bnh Dng 144 V Th 84-8Su, Qu n 03 - 2991929 TPHCM 127 Thi H - 84-4H Ni 5112088 a ch nh cung cp 262/10 Le Van 84-8Sy, Q.3 5260664 89A Nguyn 1900561292 nh Chiu E-mail nh cung cp Website nh cung cp www.intershop.com.vn
Tn hng sn xut I-MOBILE LG MOTOROLA NOKIA SAMSUNG BENQ-SIEMENS SONY ERICSSON WELLCOM
Website hng sn xut WWW.LGMOBILE.COM WWW.MOTOROLA.COM/VN WWW.NOKIA.VN WWW.SAMSUNG.COM.VN WWW.SONYERICSSON.COM WWW.WELLCOMMOBILE.COM/VN
A002
phuoclapmobile @gmail.com tiencuongmobile @yahoo.com sales@m-bay.vn
www.phuoclapmobile.com.v n www.tiencuongmb.com.vn .
A003
A004
www.m-bay.vn
A005
contact@thegioi didong.com
www.thegioididong.com
T6_PHIEUNHAP
S phiu nh p 1 2 3 5 6 7 Ngy nh p 12/05/2008 13/05/2008 06/06/2008 16/06/2008 17/06/2008 17/06/2008 M nhn vin NV02 NV01 NV01 NV02 NV02 NV01 M nh cung cp A001 A002 A005 A001 A003 A005
T7_CTPHIEUNHAP S phiu nh p 1 6 2 5 7 7 6 5 3 M in thoi A001 A003 A004 A004 A004 A005 A008 A011 A015 S lng 5 1 4 6 2 3 2 6 3 Gi nh p 23.500.000 25.000.000 8.000.000 10.000.000 3.000.000 7.000.000 15.000.000 3.500.000 5.000.000
T8_PHIEUXUAT S phiu Ngy xut xut 1 11/06/2008 2 13/06/2008
M nhn vin NV01 NV03
M KH K014 K008
T9_CTPHIEUXUAT S M S phiu in lng xut thoi 1 A002 3 2 A004 5
Gi xut 15.000.000 12.000.000

Trang 45

3 4 10/05/2008 17/06/2008 NV04 NV01 K016 K019 3 4 4 A004 A009 A011 4 2 5 6.000.000 4.000.000 6.000.000
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Bi ging 4 Cu truy vn Khai thc d liu

Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: Trnh by c khi nim cn bn, vai tr khai thc ca cu truy vn v cc loi cu truy vn. Trnh by v hiu chnh c cu trc cu truy vn. Thc hin c thao tc to v thc thi cu truy vn n gin. Vn dng c cu truy vn c iu kin. Vn dng c cu truy vn c s dng tham s.
Gii thiu Dng v Dung hon thnh cng vic thit k v lu tr d liu thng qua h thng bng. Hai bn tr s bt u khai thc CSDL vi cc cu truy vn. Trong bi ny, Dng s phi tr li cc cu hi sau ca Dung: 1. 2. 3. Ti sao cu truy vn li l n v cn bn ca khai thc d liu? Cu trc cu truy vn c khc g so vi bng hay khng? Lm cch no to cu truy vn hin th y thng tin ca cc in thoi v nh cung cp tng ng? Nu ch mun to cu truy vn nh trn nhng thm iu kin l ch hin th cc in thoi Nokia th lm th no? Liu c th a tn hng in thoi nh l tham s vo cu hi 4 c khng? Ngha l, lc s dng, ngi dng mi nhp hng in thoi.
4.
5.
Phn 4.1 s cung cp ci nhn tng quan v cu truy vn. Dung s hiu r vai tr khai thc d liu, cu trc ca cu truy vn v cc loi cu truy vn khc nhau. Vi kin thc trn, Dung s t tr li hai cu hi 1 v 2. Phn 4.2 s trnh by cch to cu truy vn n gin trong cu hi 3 vi 2 phng php khc nhau dng Design-View hoc Wizard v cch thc thi cu truy vn. Phn 4.3 s trnh by cch hiu chnh cu truy vn. Cu truy vn trong cu hi 4 l cu truy vn iu kin c trnh by trong phn 4.4. Bui hc s kt thc vi vic Dng gii thiu Dung cch to ra cu truy vn s dng tham s. Vi k thu t trn, Dung s to ra c cc cu truy vn c tham s trong cu hi 5. 4.1. Tng quan v cu truy vn
4.1.1. Khi nim v vai tr cu truy vn nh ngha: Cu Truy vn l cng c, phng thc m h qun tr CSDL cung cp gip khai thc thng tin. D liu c t chc lu tr vo trong cc bng trong c s d liu, v s c ngi s dng khai thc bng cc cu truy vn. D liu, thng tin thu c s cung cp nhng tri thc cn thit v da vo a ra cc quyt nh, d on cn thit cho cng vic. Cc h qun tr CSDL quan h u xy dng cu truy vn da trn ngn ng truy vn SQL (Structured Query Language). s dng thnh tho ngn ng SQL, chng ta cn c kin thc
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 chuyn su v CSDL. Tuy nhin, khi hc phn ny nhng ngi khng chuyn nh Dng v Dung cng khng cn phi lo lng. Vi Access, ngi dng c h tr ti a trong vic to ra cu truy vn vi cc cng c d dng. Ngi dng to ra cc cu truy vn m khng cn bit n cu lnh SQL tng ng c to sn bi Access. 4.1.2. Cc loi cu truy vn Access chia cu truy vn thnh cc loi cn bn sau: Select query - Cu truy vn la chn: La chn, tng hp v hin th d liu c sn c tha mt s iu kin tra tm no . Parameter query - Cu truy vn c tham s: Tng qut ha cc cu truy vn bnh thng bng cc tham s trong iu kin tm kim. Cc iu kin tm kim s khng cn c nh na. Cc tham s do ngi dng nh p vo khi mun truy vn s quyt nh iu kin tm kim. Crosstab query Cu truy vn tham chiu cho: Dng trnh by kt qu thng k d liu theo nhiu tiu ch. Action query Cu truy vn hnh ng: Gip thc hin nhanh cc thao tc to bng, c p nh t, xa, ni d liu.
Cu truy vn trong cu hi 3 l cu truy vn la chn v Dung mun lit k tt c in thoi vi hng sn xut tng ng tng hp t 2 bng DIENTHOAI v HANGSX. Cu truy vn trong cu hi 4 nn thit k dng cu truy vn tham s. n lc dng, nhn vin ca hng c th nhp tn nh sn sut: NOKIA, SAMSUNG, LG, v cu truy vn s tr v kt qu tng ng vi tham s nhp vo. Cc loi truy vn tham chiu cho v hnh ng, Dng s ch cho Dung cc bui sau.
4.2.
To cu truy vn la chn (Select query)
4.2.1. Cu trc v bn thit k dnh cho cu truy vn la chn Trc ht, Dng ngh Dung hy xem cu trc ca d liu tr v sau khi thc hin mt cu truy vn la chn hnh 4.5. Cu trc d liu ca cu truy vn la chn hon ton tng t nh cu trc d liu ca bng d liu. S ct d liu l c nh, mi dng biu din cho mt mt i tng thng tin. Ngun d liu ca cu truy vn c ly t cc bng hoc cc cu truy vn khc.
Dung c th coi cu truy vn la chn nh mt bng o. Gi l o, bi v Access ch hin th d liu ca cu truy vn khi c yu cu v tuyt i khng lu tr cc d liu . Nu d liu ca mt bng ngun thay i th d liu ca cu truy vn cng thay i tng ng.
xy dng cu truy vn la chn, Dung cn phi ch r cch thc chn la d liu, bao gm cc bc sau: 1. Chn cc bng v cu truy vn lm ngun d liu. 2. Ra iu kin chn cc bn ghi ca ngun d liu trn. iu kin c th chia lm hai loi: i. iu kin kt ni ngun d liu. Thng th, l cc quan h h 1-n gia cc bng.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 ii. iu kin lc d liu. 3. Chn trng d liu cho cu truy vn la chn. C 3 loi trng d liu: i. L trng d liu ca mt bng hoc cu truy vn ngun. ii. Tnh ton t mt biu thc tnh ton ca cc ct thuc d liu ngun. iii. Thng k t cc hm thng k trn mt nhm trng d liu ngun vi iu kin thng k ring. 4. Sp xp thc t bn ghi ca d liu.
Q1 - Lit k tt c tn in thoi km theo tn hng sn xut sp xp theo tn hng sn xut.
ng vi cu truy vn ny, quy trnh truy xut d liu s c thit k nh sau:
M t Ngun d liu iu kin kt ni bng Cc trng d liu Sp xp
Lit k tt c tn in thoi km theo tn hng sn xut sp xp theo tn hng sn xut DIENTHOAI (A), HANGSX (B) Quan h bng 1-n gia hai bng A v B trn trng d lih MASX A.TENDT, B.TENHANG Tng dn theo B.TENHANG
4.2.2. Phn loi cu truy vn la chn C gio Thanh phn loi cc cu truy vn la chn nh sau: Cu truy vn la chn n gin Khng c trng d liu tnh ton v thng k v cng khng c iu kin la chn. Cu truy vn la chn c iu kin iu kin la chn c s dng lc d liu. Cu truy vn la chn c tham s iu kin la chn xc nh bi cc tham s v ch xc nh khi truy xut vi cc tham s do ngi s dng nh p vo. Cu truy vn la chn tnh ton Trng tnh ton c s dng. Cu truy vn la chn thng k Trng thng k c s dng. Cc loi cu truy vn trn hon ton khng loi tr nhau. Ngha l va c th loi ny, va c th loi khc. Bui hc hm nay, Dng v Dung s ch tm vo loi cu truy vn la chn n gin, c iu kin v tham s. C bui hc th 5, hai bn tr ch chuyn tm vo cu truy vn la chn tnh ton. V cu truy vn la chn thng k s l ch chnh ca bui hc th 6. 4.2.3. To cu truy vn s dng Wizard Cch d dang nht to ra cu truy vn trong Access 2010 l s dng Wizard. Dng hng dn Dung ci t cu truy vn c bng thit k nh sau:
Q2 - Lit k tt c thng tin ca cc in thoi hin c trong bng DIENTHOAI.
M t
Lit k tt c thng tin ca cc in thoi hin c trong bng

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DIENTHOAI Ngun d liu iu kin kt ni bng Cc trng d liu DIENTHOAI Khng MADT, TENDT, TENHSX, DONGIA, WIFI, BLUETOOTH, THEHONGNGOAI, FMRADIO, CAMERA, DACDIEMKHAC Khng
Sp xp
Qu trnh thit k s bao gm 13 bc nh sau:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Click Click Click Click
vo th Create. chn Query Wizard. chn Simple Query Wizard. chn OK.
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5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Click chn cc Chn cc field Click chn nt Lp li bc 6 Nhn nt Next.
Tables/Queries lm ngun cho query. xut hin trong phn kt qu. > chuyn field. v 7 cho n khi ly s field cn thit.
Lu : chuyn ton b cc fields t phn ngun sang phn kt qu nhanh, click chn nt >>. tr li field chn click chn nt < (tr li tng field) hoc << (tr li ton b cc field).
10. 11. 12. 13.
Click chn Detail nu mun hin th chi tit kt qu. Click chn Summary nu mun tnh tng. Nhn nt Next. Nh p tn query. Nhn nt Finish.
Lu : bc 10, c mt s trng hp s khng xut hin do ni dung truy vn (cc field c chn) khng c tnh cht phn nhm thng k. Mc nh Access s chn cho cc trng hp l Detail, nn ngi s dng khng cn phi chn la.
y l kt qu thc thi ca cu truy vn sau khi hon chnh:
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Thc hnh trong lp: Dung hy thit k cu truy vn Q3 bng Wizard vi bn thit k sau:
M t Ngun d liu iu kin bng kt
Lit k tt c cc phiu nhp hng, vi cc thng tin v phiu nhp, tn nh cung cp, tn nhn vin. PHIEUNHAP (A), NHACC (B), NHANVIEN (C) ni Quan h 1- gia hai bng A v B trn trng MANCC. Quan h 1- gia hai bng A v C trn trng MANV. A.SOPN, A.NGAY, B.TENNCC, C.HOTEN Gim dn theo A.NGAY
Cc trng d liu Sp xp
4.2.4. To cu truy vn s dng Design View Ngoi vic s dng cng c Wizard, Dng tip tc ch cho Dung cch ci t cu truy vn Q4 bng cch s dng Design View vi bn thit k sau:
Q4 Lit k cc thng tin v in thoi trong bng DIENTHOAI v tn hng sn xut trong bng HANGSX.
M t Ngun d liu iu kin kt ni bng Cc trng d liu
Lit k tt c cc thng tin v in thoi trong bng DIENTHOAI v tn hng sn xut trong bng HANGSX.
HANGSX (A), DIENTHOAI (B) Quan h 1-n gia hai bng A v B trn trng MAHSX. A.MADT, A.TENDT, B.TENHSX, A.DONGIA, A.WIFI, A.BLUETOOTH, A.THEHONGNGOAI, A.FMRADIO, A.CAMERA, A.DACDIEMKHAC Khng
Sp xp
Vic ci t bao gm 10 bc sau:
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Click chn th Create. Click chn Query Design. Chn Tables/Queries lm ngun d liu cho query. Nhn nt Add. Lp li bc 3 v 4 cho n khi ly s bng cn truy vn. Nhn nt Close.
Lu : loi b table chn click phi trn table v chn Remove Table.
Chn cc trng xut hin trong phn kt qu bng cch double click vo t n trng hoc ko th xung vng li b n di. 8. Click nt Save lu query. 9. Nh p tn query. 10. Nhn nt OK.
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7.

Lu : nu ngun d liu cho query c ly t hai bng tr ln, th cc bng ny phi c mi quan h vi nhau. Thc hnh trong lp: Dung hy thit k cu truy vn Q5 bng Wizard vi bn thit k sau:
M t Ngun d liu iu kin bng kt
Lit k tt c cc thng tin ca cc phiu xut v chi tit ca mi phiu. PHIEUXUAT (A), CTPHIEUXUAT (B) ni Quan h 1-n gia hai bng A v B trn trng SOPX. A.SOPX, A.NGAY, A.MANV,A.MAKH, B.MADT, B.SOLUONG, B.GIAXUAT Khng
Cc trng d liu Sp xp
4.3.
Thc thi cu truy vn
Sau khi to mt cu truy vn gi s l Q3, xem kt qu, Dung cn thc hin nh sau:
1. 2.
Click chn nt View. Click chn Datasheet View.
Nu ang khung iu hng (Navigation Pane), thc hin nh sau:
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1. Click chn Queries. 2. Click phi trn tn query cn xem. 3. Chn Open.
4.4.
Hiu chnh cu truy vn
Nu ang ca s Datasheet, thc hin nh sau:
1. 2.
Click chn th Home. Click chn Design View.
Nu ang khung iu hng (Navigation Pane), thc hin nh sau:
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1. 2. 3. Click chn Queries. Click phi trn query mun xem. Chn Design View.
4.4.1. B sung thm table cho cu truy vn
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
M query trong ch thit k. Click chn Show Table. Click chn bng mun thm vo. Nhn nt Add. Nhn nt Close.
4.4.2. Sp xp d liu trong cu truy vn
1. 2. 3.
M query trong ch thit k. Click vo nt mi t n tr n dng Sort ca field cn sp xp. Click chn Ascending nu mun sp xp tng dn. Chn Descending nu mun sp xp gim dn.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 4.4.3. n mt field
1. M query trong ch thit k. 2. Click b du Check trn dng Show ca field mun n.
4.5.
Thit l p cu truy vn c iu kin (lc d liu)
cc cu truy vn trc, Dng v Dung ch n thun chn cc ct d liu t vic kt ni cc bng vi nhau. Vi cu truy vn c iu kin, hai bn tr s lc d liu bng cc iu kin nh: ch ly in thoi ca Nokia hoc ch ly cc in thoi c gi t hn 2 triu. Dng yu cu Dung m li cu truy vn Q4 v thm vo iu kin lc.
Q6 - Lit nhng in thoi ca hng Nokia.
1. 2.
M query trong ch thit k. Nh p iu kin lc v gi tr lc vo dng Criteria ca field cn lc. Vi iu kin lc l cc ton t so snh c trnh by di y.
Lu : ch n hai kiu d liu sau y khi nhp gi tr lc Kiu chui: t trong cp du . V d: Nokia. Trang 57

Kiu ngy: t trong cp du # #. V d: #24/07/2010#. Nu mun nhp nhiu iu kin lc xy ra ng thi trn nhiu field, hy g nhng iu kin ny trn mt dng Criteria. Ngc li g trn nhiu dng.
3.
Lu li (File -> Save Object As hoc nhn F12) thnh cu truy vn Q6.
Q7 - Lit k nhng in thoi ca hng Nokia hoc in thoi c gi t hn 2,000,000.
1. 2. 3.
M query trong ch thit k. Nh p iu kin lc v gi tr lc vo dng Criteria ca field TENHSX v DONGIA. Lu li (File -> Save Object As hoc nhn F12) thnh cu truy vn Q7.
Ton t so snh Ton t > >= < <= = <> M t So snh ln hn. So snh ln hn hoc bng. So snh nh hn. So snh nh hn hoc bng. So snh bng. So snh khc.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Like So snh gn ging, s dng kt hp vi k t i din ? v *. ?: i din cho 1 k t. *: i din cho mt nhm k t.
Tm nhng chui bt u bi k t N
Like N* Between Gi tr 1 And So snh mt on gi tr gia gi tr 1 v gi tr 2. Gi tr 2 Between 1 and 10 [1,10] Nu c nhiu iu kin lc kt hp vi nhau, s dng cc ton t logic sau: Ton t AND OR XOR NOT M t Kt hp nhiu iu kin ng thi. Ch ng khi tt c cc iu kin u ng. Kt hp nhiu iu kin khng ng thi. Ch cn 1 iu kin ng cng tr v kt qu ng. Ch chp nh n mt gi tr ng ti mt thi im. Php ton ph nh
Tm nhng gi tr c gi tr nm trong khong t 0 n 10
Phn tnh hung di y s trnh by hai dng thng gp ca select query: [1] Cu truy vn n gin
Q8 - Hin th danh sch in thoi hin c trong ca hng, vi nhng thng tin sau: m in thoi, tn in thoi, tn hng sn xut, n gi. Sp xp tng dn theo n gi.
Thit k cu truy vn
Kt qu khi thc thi:
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[2] Cu truy vn c iu kin

Q9 - Hin th danh sch in thoi ca hng Nokia c gi t 2 triu n 5 triu, vi cc thng tin: m in thoi, tn in thoi, tn hng sn xut, n gi.
Thit k cu truy vn
Kt qu khi thc thi
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 4.6. Cu truy vn c tham s

Q10 - Quay li cu truy vn Q6, gi s Dung khng ch mun p dng cho hng Nokia m cn p dng cho 5 hng khc l: Sony, LG, FPT, HANG4, HANG5. Chng nh Dung li phi thit k thm 5 cu truy vn cho mi hng. May mn l, Dung ch cn duy nht s dng mt cu truy vn c tham s l tn hng in thoi. Tham s ny s c nhp vo khi ngi s dng chy cu truy vn ny.
Dng gip Dung chuyn cu truy vn Q6 thnh cu truy vn tham s Q10 nh sau:
1. M query trong ch thit k. 2. Nh p ton t so snh nu cn (mc nh nu trng Access s s dng php so snh =) v tn tham s vo cp du ngoc vung ([ ]). 3. Click chn Run chy th. 4. Nh p gi tr cn lc. 5. Nhn nt OK. 6. Nhn F12 lu li thnh cu truy vn Q10.
Cnh bo: Do gi tr lc khng xc nh trc, nn mi ln thc thi loi query ny, ngi dng phi lun lun g vo mt gi tr lc. Nu mt ngi no khng hiu ni dung truy vn v gi tr lc phi g vo, ngi khng th thc thi query xem thng tin.
Trong trng hp t tham s cho nhng trng c d liu kiu s hoc ngy thng, nn khai bo kiu d liu cho nhng tham s ny ngn nga trng hp ngi dng nh p gi tr lc khng ng kiu d liu.
Q11 - Vo cui mi ngy Dung mun lit k cc ha n bn trong ngy .
C s to mt Parameter query nh sau:
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
To query bng ch Design View. M query trong ch thit k. Nh p tn tham s vo dng Criteria ca trng t tham s. Click chn mc Parameter. Nh p tn tham s cn khai bo. Chn kiu d liu. Nhn nt OK.
4.7.
Tm tt bui hc
Hm nay Dung lm quen vi cu truy vn n v cn bn khai thc d liu. Cc h qun tr CSDL quan h da trn cu trc bng lu tr d liu v ngn ng truy vn SQL. Tuy nhin, trong sut bui hc Dung khng cn phi hc SQL v Access gip ngi dng to ra cc cu truy vn vi cc cng c rt d dng. V mt cu trc d liu, cu truy vn chn la c th coi l mt bng o. Thit k cu truy vn chn la chnh l vic thit k cch rt trch d liu t cc bng d liu v cc cu truy vn c sn. Vic thit k gm 4 bc quan trng l: 1 Xc nh ngun d liu 2 Xc nh iu kin chn cc bn ghi thch hp 3 Xc nh cc ct d liu (4) Sp xp th t trnh by. Vi bng thit k sn, Dung to c 4 cu truy vn chn la bng hai phng php khc nhau: dng Wizard hoc dng Design View. Dung c th hiu chnh mt cu truy vn chn la. lc d liu vi iu kin, Dung s thm thuc tnh Criteria vo ct tng ng. Cui cng, bn thn cc iu kin lc c th c nh ngha bng tham s. Cc thm s ch c gn gi tr khi ngui dng chy cu truy vn. iu ny gip Dung ch cn thay di tham s c ng d liu quan tm.
Thc hnh ngoi gi: Dung hy thit k v thc thi cc cu truy vn sau: Q12 Lit k tt c cc phiu xut hng, vi cc thng tin v phiu xut, tn khch hng, tn nhn vin. Sp xp gim dn theo ngy xut. Q13 Hin th danh sch in thoi ca hng Sam Sung hoc I-Mobile m c chc nng Wifi v gi t 4 triu n 7 triu. Sp xp tng dn theo gi. Q14 Lit k danh sch cc khch hng c a ch qun 3. Q15 Lit k danh sch cc khch hng khng qun 3. Q16 Lit k danh sch in thoi ca hng Nokia c gi trong mt khong no (t x n y). Khong gi tr ny do ngi dng t g vo khi cn tm cc in thoi c gi nm trong khong t x n y m h mong mun. Q17 Lit k cc phiu nhp hng nhp trong mt ngy no . Trang 62
Bi ging 5 Cu truy vn v cc hm tnh ton

Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: Trnh by v s dng c cc ton t v hm tnh ton thng dng. Thc hin c thao tc to v thc thi cu truy vn tnh ton.
Gii thiu C bui hm nay, Dng v Dung s cng lm vic vi cc hm tnh ton s dng ph bin trong Access 2010. Cc cu hi Dung t ra l: 1. Trng tnh ton trong cu truy vn la chn l g? Lm sao to ra n? 2. Cc ton t v hm tnh ton thng dng trong Access 2010 l g, n c ging cc hm m Dung bit trong Excel hay khng? 3. Dng c th chn cho Dung cc cu truy vn tnh ton mu Dung c th nh d dng qua cc v d c khng? Phn 5.1 s gip Dung tr li cu hi 1. Dung c th t to trng tnh ton hoc bng cng c Expression Builder. Phn 5.2 s trnh by cc ton t v hm thng dng ca Access 2010. Dung s gp li cc hm m c hay s dng Excel. Phn 5.3 chnh l cha kha Dung nh cc hm v ton t thng qua cc v d sc tch. 5.1. Trng tnh ton
bui hm trc, hai bn tr to trng ca cu truy vn bng cch chn cc trng c sn t ngun d liu. Hm nay, Dng s ch cho Dung cch to ra trng tnh ton cho cu truy vn bng cch tng hp d liu t cc ct d liu khc vi biu thc tnh ton.
Q18 - T thng tin chi tit (SOPX, MADT, SOLUONG, GIAXUAT) cho mi ln giao dch bn hng cho khch hng c lu li trong bng CTPHIEUXUAT, Dung cn tnh thnh tin cho mi chi tit giao dch , vi thnh tin mi chi tit giao dch = s lng mua * gi bn.
C hai cch khc nhau to ra trng tnh ton: (1) t to trng tnh ton trnh by trong phn 5.1.1 v (2) to trng tnh ton vi s gip ca cng c Expression Builder. 5.1.1. T to trng tnh ton Hai bn tr s nghin cu cu truy vn Q15 c bn thit k nh sau: M t Ngun d liu iu kin kt ni bng Cc trng d liu Sp xp Tnh thnh tin chi tit cho mi ln giao dch bn in thoi. CTPHIEUXUAT Khng c SOPX, MADT, SOLUONG, GIAXUAT, THANHTIEN: SOLUONG*GIAXUAT Khng c
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1. To select query. 2. To trng cn tnh ton bng cch nh p thm field mi vo dng Field b n di vng li theo c php. TN FIELD MI: CNG THC TNH TON Nh v d trn ct THANHTIEN s c nh p nh sau: THANHTIEN:SOLUONG*GIAXUAT
Lu : trong trng tnh ton tn field mi v cng thc tnh c ngn cch bi du :, ch khng phi du =.
5.1.2. To trng tnh ton s dng Expression Builder
1. To select query. 2. Click vo dng field ca ct cn to trng tnh ton. Trn th Design, trong nhm Query Setup, click chn Builder. 3. To field tnh ton trong Builder
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4. Nhn nt OK.
Lu : chn nhng field t cc table khc cho trng tnh ton mi, double click vo biu tng Tables phn bn tri ca Expression Builder (Expression Elements), double click vo tn table, danh sch cc field xut hin phn gia (Expression Categories), double click vo tn field c n chn.
thc hin c vic tnh ton ngoi d liu c lu tr, cn phi c ton t thc hin cc php tnh c bn v cc hm x l trong trng hp phc tp hn.
Thc hnh trong gi: Q19 T thng tin chi tit cho mi ln giao dch nhp hng trong bng CTPHIEUNHAP, hy tnh thnh tin chi tit cho mi ln giao dch = s lng nhp * gi nhp.
5.2.
Cc ton t tnh ton v hm tnh ton
5.2.1. Cc ton t Ton t & + * / \ Mod ^ M t Php ghp chui Php cng Php tr Php nhn Php chia V d: 7/2=3,5 Php chia ly phn nguyn V d: 7\2 = 3 Php chia ly phn d V d: 7 Mod 2 = 1 Php ly tha V d: 7^2 = 49 5.2.2. Mt s hm tnh ton thng dng Hm s Left(chui gc, s k t cn trch) M t Trch chui t bn tri. V d: Left Access2010,2 = Ac Right(chui gc, s k t cn trch) Trch chui t bn phi. V d: Right Access2010,5 = s2010 Mid(chui gc, v tr bt u trch, V d: Mid Access2010,2,2 =cc s k t mun trch) Len(chui) m s k t trong 1 chui.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 V d: Len Access2010 = 10 Now() Date() Day(ngy) Tr v ngy v gi hin hnh ca h thng. Tr v ngy hin hnh t h thng. Tr v phn ngy t mt gi tr ngy/thng/nm. V d: Day(#29/07/2010#) = 29 Month(ngy) Tr v phn thng t mt gi tr ngy/thng/nm. V d: Month(#29/07/2010#) = 7 Year(ngy) Tr v phn nm t mt gi tr ngy/thng/nm. V d: Year(#29/07/2010#) = 2010 Round(s gc[, s lng s th p Lm trn s vi s lng s th p phn ch nh. phn]) V d: Round(7/3,1) = 2,3 Sqr(s gc) Tr v cn b c hai ca mt s. V d: Sqr(9) = 3 Abs(s gc) Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca mt s. V d: Abs(-2) = 2 IIf(biu thc iu kin, gi tr nu Gip tm gi tr tr v khi xt mt iu kin no . iu kin ng, gi tr nu iu V d 1: kin sai) Nu m hng (MAHSX) l N th hng SX l Nokia, ngc li l hng khc. MAHSX = N IIf MAHSX=N,Nokia,hng khc -> Nokia V d 2: Nu m hng l N th hng SX l Nokia, S l Sam Sung, M l Motorola, cn li l hng khc. IIf MAHSX=N,Nokia,IIf MAHSX=S,Sam Sung,IIf MAHSX=M,Motorola,hng khc
Lu : Tt c cc hm u phi c cp du () sau tn hm, cho d hm khng c i s. V d hm Date().
5.3.
V d thc t v cc cu truy vn tnh ton
Q20 - thu ht khch hng nhn dp Valentine, b Bng quyt nh s thc hin mt t khuyn mi MUA 2 TNG 1 trong qu 1 nm 2010, ni dung nh sau: nu khch hng mua 2
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in thoi cng loi s c gim 50% trn n gi. Ti thi im ny, cng thc tnh thnh tin chi tit trn mi ln giao dch bn thay i nh sau.
Nu s lng mua chia ht cho 2 th THANHTIEN = SOLUONG*GIAXUAT*50%. Ngc li THANHTIEN = SOLUONG*GIAXUAT.
1. To select query vi ngun d liu ly t 4 table NHANVIEN, KHACHHANG, PHIEUXUAT, CTPHIEUXUAT, PHIEUNHAP, CTPHIEUNHAP. Vi cc field c sn: SOPX, NGAY, HOTENNV, HOTENKH, MADT, SOLUONG, GIA XUAT. 2. Nh p iu kin lc cc h a n trong qu 1 nm 2010 vo dng Criteria ca field NGAY nh sau: >=#01/01/2010# And <=#31/03/2010#. 3. To field THANHTIEN nh sau:
xem hoc nhp cho mt biu thc no phc tp, click phi trn biu thc v chn Zoom, biu thc s c hin th trong hp thoi Zoom. V d: nhp biu thc THANHTIEN, click phi trn v chn Zoom, sau g vo cng thc tnh.
Q21 - Nhn dp 30/04 v 01/05, b Bng li quyt nh thc hin mt cuc khuyn mi khc vi ni dung nh sau: nhng khch hng sinh trong thng 4, nu c u s in thoi 090 khi mua mt in thoi bt k ti ca hng s c tng km 1 card Mobifone c mnh gi 300.000 ng. Nu u s in thoi l 091 s c tng km 1 card VinaPhone c mnh gi 300.000 ng.
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1. To select query vi ngun d liu t 2 table KHACHHANG v PHIEUXUAT, vi cc field: MAKH, HOTEN, NGAYSINH, SOPX. 2. To thm field THANG, trch ra thng trong ngy sinh ca khch hng. Sau lc ra cc khch hng sinh trong thng 4 v n i field ny.
3. To field QUATANG, nh sau
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 5.4. Tm tt bui hc C bui hm nay hai bn tr lm vic vi trng tnh ton v biu thc tnh ton. Trng tnh ton c tng hp d liu t cc trng khc. Vic tng hp th hin qua cc ton t v cc hm tnh ton. Biu thc tnh ton c th to bng tay hoc s dng cng c Expression Builder. C rt nhiu th phi ghi nh, nhng i vi Dung rt nh nhng. Dung bt gp cc biu thc, hm tnh ton khi s dng Excel v hc k hn qua cc v d cu truy vn tnh ton m Dng ch cho C. Sau ny, mi khi cn dng cc hm thch hp C s coi li cc v d trn.
Thc hnh ngoi gi: Q22 Lit k nhng n hng v chi tit n hng bn trong thng 8/2009. Q23 Hin th thng tin nhn vin vi cc thng tin yu cu: MANV, HOTENNV, GIOITINH, TUOI, SOTHANGLV, THAMNIEN. Vi TUOI = nm hin ti nm sinh. SOTHANGLV =((ngy hin ti ngy vo lm)/30. Lm trn cn khng s l. THAMNIEN = SOTHANGLV/12. Nu s thng lm vic trn 6 thng th tnh lm trn l 1 nm. Gi s nhn vin lm vic c 20 thng th thm nin s l 2 nm. Q24 Nhn dp 2/9 tnh tin thng cho nhn vin nh sau: Nu nhn vin c thm nin lm vic t 1 nm tr ln thng 1,000,000. Cn li thng 500,000. Cc thng tin yu cu: MANV, HOTENNV, GIOITINH, THAMNIEN, THUONG. Q25 B Bng mun tng tin thng nhn vin 2 nm 1 ln. V vy b cn lit k danh sch nhng nhn vin c thm nin lm vi c l s chn xem xt s lng v mc tin thng. Cc thng tin yu cu: MANV, HOTEN, GIOITINH, TUOI, THAMNIEN. Q26 Nhn dp 08/03 b Bng mun lp danh sch thng cho nhn vin n nh sau: nu nhn vin n lm vic di 6 thng thng 200,000, di 2 nm thng 300,000, trn 2 nm thng 500,000. Cc thng tin yu cu: MANV, HOTENNV, GIOITINH, THAMNIEN, TIENTHUONG.
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Bi ging 6 Cu truy vn tng hp

Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: Vn dng c chc nng tnh ton trn nhm d liu. Vn dng c cc hm thng k. Thc hin c thao tc to v thc thi cu truy vn tng hp.
Gii thiu cc bui trc, Dung lm quen vi cu truy vn chn la n gin v cc hm tnh ton. Hm nay, Dung s i su hn na vo th gii cc cu truy vn vi cc k thu t thng k v tng hp thng tin. Cc cu hi trng tm ca Dung s l: 1. Thng k v tng hp d liu trong CSDL quan h l g? 2. Xc nh i tng thng k trong cu truy vn ra sao? 3. Lm sao ch ra c cch thc thng k vi cc biu thc v hm thng k? 4. Thit k mt cu truy vn tng hp trong Access cn phi thc hin nh th no? Khi nim cn bn v thng k v tng hp ca cu hi 1 s c trnh by phn 6.1. Phn 6.2 s tr li cu hi 2 v 3. Chc nng Group by s gip ngi s dng xc nh i tng cn thng k. Cc hm thng k v biu thc tng hp s gip Dung ln k hoch cch thc thng k. Phn 6.3 s t p trung vo cc thao tc cn bn to ra cc cu truy vn thng k. 6.1. Thng k v tng hp d liu
C gio Thanh ly v d v thng k dn s khi minh ha v thng k tng hp. u tin, ngi ta s t chc thu thp d liu. Cc cng tc vin s n tng gia nh ly tng thng tin cho mi cng dn Vit Nam. Sau khi t p hp v x l s liu thu th p, ty theo mi mc ch thng k ngi ta s xc nh nhm i tng thng k v cc cch thc thng k trn cc nhm i tng trn. V d: Khi mun thng k t l tn gio ca Vit Nam, chng ta s nhn cc nhm i tng thng k l nhm ngi theo o Ph t, o Thin Cha, v khng c tn ngng. Cch thc thng k trong trng hp ny chnh l m s lng ca tng nhm. nh ngha: Cu truy vn thng k tng hp trong CSDL quan h l cu truy vn la chn da trn 3 bc sau: (i) Thu thp d liu bng cch kt ni cc bng v cu truy vn khc nhau. (ii) Phn nhm d liu bng cc ct d liu. (iii) Cch thc thng k: s dng cc hm v biu thc thng k trn cc nhm d liu v hin th chng cng vi cc nhm d liu tng ng. Bc u tin hon ton tng t nh thao tc kt ni d liu t cc ngun khc nhau ca cu hi truy vn chn la thng thng. Bc 2 v 3 s c m t trong phn 6.2. 6.2. Thit k cu truy vn thng k.
Q27 - Dung mun thng k s lng in thoi nhp vo ca nm 2009 theo tng hng sn xut in thoi.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 6.2.1. Thu th p d liu Bc 1 s l tng hp d liu cn thit t cc bng CTPHIEUNHAP, PHIEUNHAP, DIENTHOAI, HANGSX vi iu kin kt ni l cc lin kt bng v thm iu kin l ngy nh p phi trong nm 2009. 6.2.2. Phn nhm d liu i tng thng k s l nh sn xut c xc nh bi 2 ct MAHSX v TENHSX. 6.2.3. Cch thc thng k Tnh tng ca ct SOLUONG thuc bng CTPHIEUNHAP cng s hng nh p vo ng vi mi nhm. Kt qu cui cng s l 3 ct bao gm 2 ct xc nh i tng MAHSX, TENHSX v ct tng s lng tng ng.
Cc cch thc thng k thng dng thng thy trong thc t l m, tnh tng, tm gi tr cao nht, thp nht, trung bnh.
6.3.
To cu truy vn thng k
to cu truy vn thng k s dng chc nng Total trong Select query. Vi cc la chn sau: Group By: phn nhm d liu. Cc hm thng k M t Tnh tng m Tnh trung bnh Tm gi tr nh nht Tm gi tr ln nht Tr v gi tr u tin Tr v gi tr cui cng
Hm thng k Sum(expr) Count(expr) Avg(expr) Min(expr) Max(expr) First(expr) Last(expr)
Expression: biu thc thng k (tnh ton kt hp nhiu hm thng k, ton t). Where: thc hin lc d liu trc khi tin hnh thng k. Thng k s lng in thoi nhp vo ca nm 2009 theo tng hng sn xut in thoi.
ng vi cu truy vn Q27, ta c bng thit k sau
M t
Ngun d liu iu kin kt ni bng
HANGSX (A), DIENTHOAI (B), PHIEUNHAP (C), CTPHIEUNHAP (D) Quan h bng 1-n gia hai bng A v B trn trng d liu
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MAHSX. Quan h 1-n gia hai bng C v D trn trng d liu SOPN. Quan h 1-n gia hai bng B v D trn trng MADT. Cc trng d liu Phn nhm d liu Cch thc thng k iu kin lc d liu A.MAHSX, B.TENHSX, D.SOLUONG A.MAHSX, A.TENHSX Tnh tng C.NGAY phi trong nm 2009.
Vic ci t cho bng thit k trn c tin hnh theo 6 bc:
1.
2. 3. 4.
To select query, ngun d liu ly t cc table PHIEUNHAP, CTPHIEUNHAP, DIENTHOAI, HANGSX vi iu kin kt ni bng nh phn thit k tr n. Cc trng d liu: MAHSX, TENHSX, SOLUONG. Click chn biu tng Totals. Trn dng Total ca hai trng MAHSX, TENHSX click chn Group By thc hin phn nhm d liu. Trn dng Total ca trng SOLUONG, click chn Sum thc hin cch thc thng k l tnh tng. t li t n trng l TONGSLNHAP bng cch nh p li nh sau: TONGSLNHAP:SOLUONG
Lu : Nu khng t tn cho trng mi ny, th Access s t t tn cho trng theo c php: tn hm of tn field. Nh trng hp ny s l SumofSoluong.
5. 6.
B sung th m trng NGAY v nh p iu kin lc Between #01/01/2009# And #31/12/2009# ly ra cc phiu nh p trong nm 2009. Trn dng Total ca trng NGAY, click chn Where.
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Lu : Khi thc hin vic tnh ton trn cc nhm d liu theo mt s iu kin no , nh tnh hung Q27, chng ta ch thc hin tnh tng trn nhng phiu nhp trong nm 2009. tm ra nhng phiu nhp tha iu kin trn, ch cn nhp iu kin cn lc l Between #01/01/2009# And #31/12/2009#, nhng vn cn xem xt y l vic tnh ton c thc hin trc hay sau khi lc ra nhng phiu nhp ny? Khi lng d liu nh th vn ny khng quan trng, nhng vi lng d liu ln th vic thc hin tnh ton trn ton b lng d liu ri mi tm ra d liu cn th qu l lng ph thi gian. Nu chn Group by cho trng NGAY th vic lc d liu s c thc hin sau khi trng TONGSLNHAP thc hin cng dn trn ton b cc phiu nhp. trnh iu ny, chng ta s chn Where thay v Group by trn dng Total cho trng NGAY, lc ny cc phiu nhp trong nm 2009 s c tm ra trc ri sau mi tin hnh cng dn trn trng SOLUONG to ra trng TONGSLNHAP. Khi s dng chc nng Where cho trng no th trng s phi n.
6.4.
Cc v d thc t v cu truy vn thng k
Q28 - B bng mun thng k s lng nhn vin nam v n trong ca hng, vi cc thng tin: PHAI, SOLUONGNV.
1. 2. 3. 4.
To select query, ngun d liu ly t table NHANVIEN vi 2 trng: PHAINU v MANV. Click chn biu tng Totals. Trn dng Total ca trng PHAINU chn Group by to nhm d liu theo gii tnh. Trn dng Total ca trng MANV chn Count m s lng nhn vin theo phn nhm gii tnh. t li tn ca ct MANV thnh SOLUONGNV bng cch nh p li nh sau: SOLUONGNV:MANV
Q29 - B Bng cn tm in thoi c gi cao nht trong ca hng, vi cc thng tin: MADT, TENDT, DONGIA.
C hai cch x l tnh hung ny:

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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Cch 1: s dng hm Max tm ra n gi c gi tr cao nht, sau lc ra in thoi c n gi bng vi n gi ny. Cch lm ny s dng 2 query.
1. To select query, ngun d liu ly t table DIENTHOAI vi 1 trng l DONGIA. 2. Click chn chc nng Totals. 3. Trn dng Total ca trng DONGIA chn hm Max. t li tn cho trng l DONGIA_CAONHAT. 4. Lu li query vi tn DTGIACAONHAT_Sub.
5. To mt select query mi, ngun d liu ly t table DIENTHOAI v query DTGIACAONHAT_Sub, vi cc trng MADT, TENDT, DONGIA. 6. tm ra cc in thoi c gi bng vi gi cao nht Ta s thit l p lin kt gia 2 trng DONGIA v DONGIA_CAONHAT bng cch ko trng DONGIA t bng DIENTHOAI th vo trng DONGIA_CAONHAT ca bng DTGIACAONHAT_Sub. Hoc thc hin nh hnh di, nh p t n trng DONGIA_CAONHAT trong cp du ngoc [] trn dng Criteria ca trng DONGIA.
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Cch 2: s dng th thu t sp xp gim dn trn trng DONGIA, lc ny n gi c gi tr cao nht s nm top u. Sau ch cn lc ra gi tr top 1 s tm ra c in thoi c n gi cao nht.
1. 2. 3. To select query, ngun d liu ly t table DIENTHOAI vi cc trng: MADT, TENDT, DONGIA. Sp xp n gi gim dn bng cch trn dng Sort ca trng DONGIA chn Descending. Ly ra n gi cao nht bng cch trong nhm Query Setup, trong mc Return g vo 01 ly ra top gi tr cao nht.
Thc hnh trong lp: Dung hy Q30 - Tm in thoi c gi thp nht, vi cc thng tin: MADT, TENDT, DONGIA. Q31 - Thng k tng s lng in thoi ca tng hng c nhp trong qu 1 nm 2009, vi cc thng tin: TENHSX, TONGSOLUONG.
Q32 - Trong thng 12/2009, B bng mun thc hin mt cuc khuyn mi khc vi ni dung sau: Nu khch hng mua hng vi ha n c gi tr t 5,000,000 ng tr ln s c gim 10% trn s tin phi tr.
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1. To select query, ngun ly t table NHANVIEN, KHACHHANG, PHIEUXUAT, CTPHIEUXUAT vi cc field: SOPX, NGAY, HOTENNV, HOTENKH. 2. Click chn chc nng Total. 3. Trn dng Total ca cc trng SOPX, HOTENNV, HOTEN chn Group By thc hin phn nhm d liu. 4. To trng tnh ton THANHTIEN bng cch nh p vo biu thc sau: THANHTIEN:IIf(Sum([SOLUONG]*[GIAXUAT]>5000000, Sum([SOLUONG]*[GIAXUAT]*0.9, Sum([SOLUONG]*[GIAXUAT]))
5. Trn dng Total ca trng THANHTIEN chn chc nng Expression. 6. Nh p iu kin lc ra cc phiu xut trong thng 12 nm 2009: >=#01/12/2009# and <=#31/12/2009#. 7. Trn dng Total ca trng NGAY, click chn Where.
Thc hnh trong lp: Q33 - Tnh thnh tin trn cc phiu nhp, vi cc thng tin: SOPN, NGAY, MANV, MAKH, THANHTIEN. Vi THANHTIEN = Tng (SOLUONG*GIANHAP). Q34 - Thng k tng s ln mua hng ca tng khch hng. Nu khch hng mua hng t 5 ln tr ln c xem l khch hng thn thi t. Cc thng tin yu cu: MAKH, HOTEN, SOLANMUA, LOAIKH. Vi SOLANMUA l m trn SOPX m khch hng mua, LOAIKH
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c xt da trn SOLANMUA. Nu SOLANMUA>=5 th khch hng l khch hng thn thit, ngc li l khch hng l.
6.5.
Tm tt bui hc
Kt thc bui hc Dung bit v mt khi nim kh quan trng trong khai thc d liu l thng k. thc hin c thao tc thng k c ba bc phn tch chnh (i) thu th p d liu. (ii) phn nhm d liu. (iii) cch thc thng k. Trong , thu th p d liu l mt bc rt quen thuc vi Dung khi thc hin cc Select query. phn nhm d liu Dung s dng Group By vi chc nng Totals trong Select query. Thc hin cch thc thng k vi cc hm Count, Sum, Max, Min, Avg, v biu thc thng k kt hp nhiu hm, ton t vi la chn Expression.
Thc hnh ti nh: Dung hy Q35 - Tm gi in thoi trung bnh ca tng hng sn xut, vi cc thng tin: TENHSX, MADT, TENDT, GIATB. Q36 - Tm in thoi c gi thp nht ca hng SamSung, vi cc thng tin: MADT, TENDT, TENHSX, DONGIA_CAO. Q37 - Thng k doanh thu cc in thoi theo hng sn xut trong qu 2 nm 2009, vi cc thng tin: TENHSX, TONGDT. Trong TONGDT = Tng (thnh tin ca phiu xut). Q38 - Tm in thoi bn chy nht trong thng 12/2009. Vi cc thng tin: MADT, TENDT, TONGSL. Q39 - Thng k doanh thu cc in thoi theo hng sn xut v theo qu trong nm 2009, vi cc thng tin: TENHSX, QUY, TONGDT.
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Bi ging 7
Mt s loi truy vn khc

Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: Trnh by c khi nim, vai tr khai thc ca crosstab query, unmatched query. Thc hin c thao tc to v thc thi crosstab query, unmatched query. Vn dng c crosstab query, unmatched query.
Gii thiu Vi cc dng truy vn thng gp ca Select Query, cc ton t v hm tnh ton trnh by trong nhng bi trc, Dung c th thc hin c mt s nhu cu khai thc d liu c bn. Trong bi ny Dung s c Dng gii thiu mt s loi truy vn khc gip trnh by d liu thng k theo nhiu tiu ch d dng hn. Cc cu hi Dung t ra l: 1. 2. 3. Crosstab query l g? Unmatched query l g? Cch to v s dng cc loi truy vn trn nh th no?
Cc cu hi ny s c tr li qua phn 7.1 v 7.2 trong ni dung ca bi hc. 7.1. Crosstab query
7.1.1. Khi nim Crosstab query hay cn gi l cu truy vn cho, l loi truy vn gip trnh by d liu dng thng k vi hai tiu ch. Khi thng k d liu vi hai tiu ch, cu trc ca Crosstab query lm cho d liu d c hn so vi mt select query cu trc n gin.
Q40 - Thng k doanh thu bn in thoi theo nhn vin v hng sn xut.
Kt qu trnh by dng select query.
Kt qu trnh by dng Crosstab query.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 So snh kt qu trnh by t hai hnh trn ta thy rng, r rng cch trnh by hnh th hai d c hn. 7.1.2. Cu trc Crosstab query Mt Crosstab query gm c 3 thnh phn: Row Heading (R), Column Heading (C), Value (V).
1. 2. 3. 4.
Mt, hai hay nhiu ct trong phn ny l Row Heading. Tn ca cc trng dng lm Row Heading xut hin dng u tin . D liu ca Row Heading xut hin y. Nhng ct trong phn ny l Column Heading. Lu tn ca trng dng lm Column Heading khng xut hin trong bng ny. Gi tr tnh ton, thng k xut hin y.
Lu : C th chn nhiu trng lm Row Heading nhng nhng trng ny phi cng mt tiu ch thng k. Comlumn Heading v Value, mi thnh phn ch c chn mt trng.
7.1.3. Cch to Crosstab query C hai cch to Crosstab query. [1] To Crosstab query s dng Wizard
Lu : V khi to Crosstab Query bng wizard ch cho chn mt bng lm ngun d liu, nn nu ni dung thng k phi ly t nhiu bng, phi to select query cha y cc ct lm Crosstab query trc, sau mi tin hnh theo cc bc sau.
1. Click chn th Create.

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2. Click chn Query Wizard. 3. Click chn Crosstab Query Wizard. 4. Click chn OK.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Click chn Table/Query lm ngun cho Crosstab Query. Click Next. Click chn trng lm Row Heading. Nhn nt > chuyn trng. Click Next.
10. Click chn trng lm Column Heading. 11. Click Next. 12. Click chn trng tnh ton cho phn Value. 13. Chn hm cn tnh ton. 14. Click chn mc ny nu mun xut hin thm mt ct thng k ch theo Row Heading (thng thng nn chn mc ny). 15. Click Next.
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16. 17.
Nh p tn cho query. Click Finish.
Thc hnh trong gi: Q41 - Thng k doanh thu theo nhn vin v theo thng trong nm 2009. S dng Crosstab Query Wizard
[2] To Crosstab Query bng ch Design View.
1. Click chn th Create. 2. Click chn Query Design. 3. Chn cc bng lm ngun cho query, chn cc trng cn xut hin trong Crosstab Query vi ba thnh phn: Row Heading, Column Heading, Value.
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4. Click chn th Design ca Query Tools. 5. Trong nhm Query Type, click chn Crosstab. 6. Tr n dng Crosstab di vng di, click chn trng lm Row Heading. 7. Tip tc click chn trng lm Column Heading. 8. Cui cng click chn trng lm Value, v chn hm tnh ton cho trng ny.
Lu : Row Heading c th chn nhiu trng nhng phi cng tiu ch thng k, chng hn trong trng hp ny MANV, HOTENNV l cng tiu ch v u l thng tin m t cho tng nhn vin. Thc hnh trong gi: Q41 - Thng k doanh thu theo nhn vin v theo thng trong nm 2009. To Crosstab Query bng ch Design View.
7.2.
Unmatched Query
7.2.1. Khi nim Thng thng, khi thit l p quan h 1-n gia hai table ng ngha vi vic ta s ly nhng d liu xut hin ng thi trong c hai table, lc ny nhng d liu ch c mt trong mt bng s khng c xut hin. V y lm sao chng ta tm ra nhng d liu ny?
Q42 B Bng cn tm ra nhng in thoi m cha c ai mua. Unmatched query s gip gii quyt tnh hung ny.
Unmatched query l loi query gip tm nhng dng d liu c trong bng ny (A) m khng c trong bng khc (B).
tm nhng in thoi m cha c ai mua ngha l ta s tm nhng in thoi c trong bng DIENTHOAI m khng c trong bng CTPHIEUXUAT.
C hai cch to Unmatched Query l s dng ch Wizard v ch Design View.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 7.2.2. To Unmatched Query s dng Wizard Cch ny gip to nhanh v d hiu nht.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Clich Click Click Click
chn th Create. chn Query Wizard. chn Find Unmatched Query Wizard. OK.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Click Click Click Click
chn bng cha kt qu cn tm (bng A). Next. chn bng cha d liu lin quan (bng B). Next.
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Nu cn, click chn trng ca bng c bn s mt trong mi quan h khung bn tri. 10. Nu cn, click chn trng ca bng c bn s nhiu trong mi quan h khung bn phi. 11. Click chn nt <=> thit l p mi quan h gia hai bng ny.
Ba bc 9, 10, 11 khng c n phi thc hin nu l 2 table c thit lp quan hn 1-n. Ch khi hai bng cha c thit lp mi quan h mi cn thc hin ba bc ny.
9.
12. Click Next. 13. Click chn cc trng mun hin th trong kt qu cui cng khung bn tri. 14. Click nt > chuyn sang khung bn phi l ni cha cc trng hin th trong kt qu. 15. Lp li bc 13 v 14 cho n khi ly s lng trng mun hin th. 16. Click Next.
17. Nh p tn cho Query. 18. Click Finish.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 7.2.3. To Unmatched Query bng ch Design View
1. 2. 3. 4.
Click Click Click Click thit click
chn chn chn phi l p trn
th Create. Query Design. hai bng (A v B) trn relationship quan h trc relationship gia
lm ngun query. ca hai bng nu hai bng ny c v chn Join Properties. Hoc Double hai bng.
Lu : Trong trng hp hai bng ny cha c thit lp quan h trc th phi thit lp quan h ti y bng cch ko th trng t bng cn tm (A) sang bng lin quan (B).
5. Xut hin hp thoi Join Properties, chn mc s 2. 6. Click OK.
Lu : sau khi hon tt bc 6, trn relationship ca hai bng phi xut hin mi tn ch v pha bng A.
7. Double click chn cc trng xut hin trong phn kt qu (chn trong bng A).
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8. Trong bng B, double click chn trng lin kt vi bng A. Trn dng Criteria g Is Null. 9. Trn dng Show ca trng ny, b du check.
7.3.
Tm tt bui hc
Hm nay Dung bit thm v cc loi truy vn c bit khc ca Access, cc loi truy vn ny c m rng da trn Select query. Chng c s dng trong nhng tnh hung vi nhng c im nh n din ring. Khi phi trnh by d liu thng k vi hai tiu ch, s dng Crosstab Query. Khi phi tm nhng dng d liu ch c trong mt gia hai bng c quan h vi nhau, s dng Unmatched Query.
Thc hnh ngoi gi: Q49 Thng k doanh thu bn in thoi theo qu trong nm 2009 v theo hng sn xut, s dng Crosstab Query. Q50 Tm nhng nhn vin cha bn c in thoi no.
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Bi ging 8
Biu mu Giao din ca chng trnh

Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: Trnh by c khi nim, vai tr ng dng ca biu mu. Thc hin c thao tc to v chnh sa biu mu n gin. Thc hin c thao tc to biu mu dng Main/Sub. Vn dng c biu mu.
Gii thiu Vi bng v cu truy vn, Dung c th thc hin c vic lu tr v khai thc d liu kh hiu qu. Nhng ch vi hai thnh phn ny, Dung cm thy th t kh chia s hoc hng dn li cho cc nhn vin khc cng s dng c s d liu ny. Dng cng mt n 8 tun c th hng dn cho Dung. Trong bi ny Dng s gip Dung tr li cc cu hi sau: 1. Ti sao li phi s dng biu mu? 2. Cc dng biu mu no thng c s dng? 3. To biu mu c kh khng? Phn 8.1 s gip Dung tr li cu hi s 1. Phn 8.2 s trnh by cc dng biu mu thng c s dng. Dung s tr li c cu hi s 3 sau phn trnh by trong cc phn 8.3, 8.4 v 8.5. 8.1. Khi nim
nh ngha: Biu mu l mt i tng trong c s d liu c th c s dng nhp, chnh sa, hoc hin th d liu t mt bng hoc mt cu truy vn. Vi vic s dng biu mu, chng ta c th kim sot vic truy c p d liu nh gii hn nhng trng no, nhng dng d liu no c php hin th i vi nhng ngi s dng ch cn xem mt s thng tin cn thit cho phm vi cng vic ca h. Vic cung cp cho ngi s dng mt biu mu ch cha nhng trng d liu vi ni dung h cn s gip h thao tc vi c s d liu d dng hn. Chng ta cng c th b sung thm cc nt lnh, cc chc nng khc vo biu mu cc hnh ng thng xuyn c thc hin t ng. Biu mu nh cc ca s m thng qua ngi s dng nhn thy v tip c n vi c s d liu nhanh v hiu qu. Bi v h khng phi tm kim nhng g h cn, vi mt biu mu c trnh by trc quan, gn gi, hp dn s gip cho vic lm vic vi c s d liu tr nn d dng hn, v n cng gip ngn nga trnh vic nh p d liu khng chnh xc. iu ny s gip chia s v hng dn s dng c s d liu li cho nhng ngi khc nh nhng nhn vin trong ca hng ca b Bng tr nn n gin hn rt nhiu. Access cung cp cc cng c to biu mu mt cch nhanh chng, vi cc kiu biu mu mi v nhng c trng nhm ci thin kh nng s dng c s d liu ca ngi s dng. 8.2. Cc dng biu mu thng s dng
F1 - Dung mun c mt biu mu trnh by l lch ca nhn vin.

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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 8.2.1. Biu mu n dng ct D liu c trnh by dng ct, ti mt thi im ch c mt record trong Table/Query c hin th. Dng biu mu ny thng c dng cho dng thit k nh p liu, hay trnh by thng tin chi tit ca tng i tng.
8.2.2. Biu mu n dng Justify D liu c trnh by trn nhiu ct (ging dng bng , nhng ti mt thi im ch c 1 record trong Table/Query c hin th.
F2 - Dung mun c mt biu mu thng k danh sch nhn vin hin c trong ca hng.
8.2.3. Biu mu n dng bng D liu c trnh by dng bng, ti mt thi im nhiu record trong Table/Query c hin th. Dng biu mu ny thng c dng cho dng biu mu thng k.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 8.2.4. Biu mu n dng Datasheet D liu c trnh by cng dng bng nhng ging nh Table, ti mt thi im nhiu record trong Table/Query c hin th. Dng biu mu ny thng c dng kt hp vi biu mu dng Main/Sub.
F3 - Dung mun c mt biu mu trnh by danh sch cc in thoi theo hng sn xut.
8.2.5. Biu mu dng Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub) Dng biu mu ny gip hin th d liu ca hai hay nhiu bng c quan h 1-n cng mt lc.
Nh trong tnh hung F03 trn, Dung mun xem cc record ca table HANGSX v DIENTHOAI trn cng mt biu mu.
8.3.
Cch to biu mu n
8.3.1. To biu mu s dng Wizard
1.
Click chn th Create.

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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Trong nhm Forms, click chn Form Wizard. Chn Tables/Queries lm ngun cho form. Click chn cc trng xut hin trn biu mu. Nhn nt > chuyn cc trng vo biu mu. Click nt Next.
7.
8.
Click chn b cc cho biu mu. Columnar: biu mu dng ct. Tabular: biu mu dng bng. Click nt Next.
9. Nh p ti u cho biu mu. 10. Click nt Finish.
8.3.2. To Biu mu bng ch Design View
1. Click chn th Create.

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2. Trong nhm Forms, click chn Form Design.
3. Trong nhm Tools, click chn Property Sheet. 4. Click chn th Data. 5. Trong mc Record Source, click chn bng lm ngun d liu cho biu mu.
6. Trong nhm Tools, click chn Add Existing Fields. 7. Trong hp thoi Field List, chn cc trng mun xut hin trn biu mu. Sau ko th vo phn Detail ca biu mu. 8. Click nt Save.
9. Nh p tn biu mu.
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10. Nhn nt OK.
Thc hnh trong gi: F4 To biu mu dng ct nhp d liu cho bng KHACHHANG. F5 To biu mu dng bng trnh by d liu cho bng KHACHHANG.
8.4.
Cch to biu mu dng Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub)
8.4.1. To biu mu Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub) s dng Wizard
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Click chn th Create. Trong nhm Forms, click chn Form Wizard. Chn Tables/Queries (bng c bn s quan h l 1)lm ngun cho biu mu Chnh (Main). Click chn cc trng xut hin trn biu mu. Nhn nt > chuyn cc trng vo biu mu.
6. 7. 8. 9.
Chn Tables/Queries (bng c bn s quan h l n)lm ngun cho form Sub. Click chn cc trng xut hin trn biu mu. Nhn nt > chuyn cc trng vo biu mu. Click nt Next.
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10. Click chn bng c bn s quan h l 1 lm biu mu Chnh (Main). 11. Click chn Form with subform(s) lin kt biu mu Chnh (Main) va chn trn vi biu mu ph (Sub). 12. Click nt Next.
13. Click chn b cc trnh by cho biu mu Ph (Sub) l dng Tabular hoc Datasheet. 14. Click nt Next.
15. Nh p tn cho biu mu Chnh (Main).

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16. Nh p tn cho biu mu Ph (Sub). 17. Click nt Finish.
8.4.2. To biu mu Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub) bng ch Design View
1.
To biu mu Chnh (Main) trnh by b cc dng Columnar vi ngun l bng c bn s quan h l 1.
2.
To form Ph (Sub) trnh by b cc dng Datasheet hoc Tabular vi ngun l bng c bn s quan h l n.
3. 4.
M biu mu Chnh (Main) trong ch Design. Ko biu mu Ph (Sub) th vo thnh phn Design ca biu mu Chnh (Main).
Thc hnh trong gi: F6 To biu mu Chnh/Ph nhp d liu cho 2 bng PHIEUNHAP v CTPHIEUNHAP.
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8.5.
Cc thnh phn trn biu mu
Cu trc biu mu gm c 3 phn: Form Header, Detail, Form Footer.

1. M biu mu trong ch Design. 2. Form Header: thng dng ghi t n, ti u Biu mu
3. Detail: y l phn rt quan trng, thng dng hin th ni dung chnh ca biu mu.
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4. Form Footer: thng dng trnh by cc nt lnh, hay cc thng tin c tnh cht tng kt.
8.6.
Chnh sa biu mu n gin
Sau khi to biu mu, chng ta cn phi hiu chnh biu mu tr nn d nhn v gn gi vi ngi s dng hn. tin hnh hiu chnh biu mu, phi m biu mu trong ch thit k v tin hnh thao tc hiu chnh vi cc i tng sau. 8.6.1. iu khin (Control): iu khin l nhng i tng dng hin th d liu, thc hin mt s hnh ng, cho php xem v lm vic vi cc thng tin tng cng s thn thin vi ngi s dng thng qua cc iu khin nh Label, Picture, Textbox, c th chia iu khin thnh 3 nhm sau: iu khin rng buc Bound Control : c lin kt vi mt trng no trong Table/Query, dng nh p, c p nh t hay hin th gi tr ca trng. Mt s cc iu khin thuc nhm ny nh Textbox, Combobox, Listbox, Checkbox, iu khin khng rng buc (Unbound Control): khng c d liu ngun, khng lin kt vi trng trong Table/Query, dng ci thin hnh thc ca biu mu hay hin th thng tin c nh. Mt s cc iu khin thuc nhm ny nh Label, Line, Rectangle, Picture, iu khin tnh ton (Calculated Control): c ngun d liu l mt biu thc, dng ch r gi tr mun s dng c tnh ton t mt biu thc vi cc ton t, hm, tn cc trng, tn iu khin.
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8.6.2. Trnh by iu khin (Control Layout): Control layout gip canh l cc iu khin theo chiu ngang hay chiu dc to cho biu mu mt s trnh by thng nht. C th xem Control Layout nh mt bng, mi cha mt iu khin. C hai dng Control Layout: Tabular v Stacked. Tabular: cc iu khin c trnh by theo chiu ngang, thng dng trong biu mu dng bng.
Stacked: cc iu khin c trnh by theo chiu dc, thng dng trong biu mu dng ct.
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thay i kiu trnh by iu khin hoc loi b s dng trnh by iu khin, thc hin nh sau.
1. 2. 3.
Click phi tr n iu khin. Nu mun thay i kiu trnh by click chn Tabular hoc Stacked. Nu mun loi b s dng iu khin trnh by click chn Remove Layout.
Canh l cc iu khin: canh l nhiu iu khin ging nhau thc hin nh sau
1. Chn cc iu khin cn canh l. 2. Click phi trn khi iu khin. 3. Chn loi canh l.
Hiu chnh kch thc: hiu chnh kch thc nhiu iu khin ging nhau thc hin nh sau:
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1. Chn cc iu khin cn hiu chnh kch thc. 2. Click phi trn khi iu khin. 3. Chn cch hiu chnh kch thc.
8.6.3. Thuc tnh ca cc iu khin Mi iu khin u c cc thuc tnh cha cc thng tin ca ring n. Hu ht cc iu khin u c cc thuc tnh chung sau y Thuc tnh Name Visible Format Enabled Locked Control source ngha Tn ca iu khin. n hay hin iu khin. nh dng cch th hin ca ni dung trong iu khin. Cho php iu khin hot ng hay khng. Kha iu khin. Ngun d liu ca iu khin.
Ngoi ra, ty theo mi loi iu khin cn c cc thuc tnh ring khc ph hp vi c im ca loi iu khin . Phn ny s c trnh by trong bi ci tin tnh tin dng cho biu mu. hiu chnh thuc tnh ca iu khin, thc hin nh sau
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1. 2. 3. Click phi tr n iu khin. Click chn Properties. Tin hnh hiu chnh cc thuc tnh.
8.6.4. Thuc tnh ca biu mu Sau y l mt s thuc tnh thng c s dng hiu chnh cho biu mu. Thuc tnh Caption Scroll Bars ngha Ni dung thanh tiu ca biu mu. Hiu chnh thanh cun.
Record Selectors Hin th trng thi hin ti ca bn ghi trn biu mu. Dividing Lines Border Style Control box Picture Record Source ng thng phn cch gia cc thnh phn ca biu mu. Kiu ng vin ca biu mu. B ba nt: thu nh cc tiu(Min), phng ln cc i Max , ng biu mu (Close). Chn hnh nn cho biu mu. Ngun d liu cho biu mu (bng/cu truy vn).
hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca biu mu, thc hin nh sau
1. 2.
Click phi trn vng xm ca biu mu (1A). Click chn Properties.

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Lu : nu khng lm theo bc 1A, c th double click vo im giao nhau gia hai cy thc ngang v dc (1B).
3.
Trong hp thoi Properties Sheet ca form, thc hin hiu chnh cc thuc tnh cn thit.
8.6.5. To nt lnh Nt lnh c s dng bt u mt hnh ng hoc mt chui cc hnh ng. Chng hn to nt lnh gip m mt biu mu khc. to mt nt lnh thc hin mt hnh ng no ta phi vit mt t p lnh (macro) hoc mt th tc (procedure) v gn n vo mt s kin (event) no nh click chut (On Click). Tuy nhin nhng ngi s dng khng chuyn nh Dung v Dng khng phi lo lng, Access cung cp mt chc nng to nt lnh bng Wizard, s gip to cc nt lnh tng ng vi cc hnh ng mt cch rt d dng. to nt lnh cho biu mu, thc hin nh sau
1. 2.
Click chn th Design trong Form Design Tools. Click vo nt mi t n gc phi di trong nh m Controls m thanh cng c.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Click b t chc nng wizard (nu chc nng ny cha c b t ln). Click chn iu khin Command button. V vo vng Form Footer ca biu mu. Trong mc Categories click chn nhm lnh hnh ng.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Tn Record Navigation Record Operation Form Operation Report Operation Application Miscellaneous
7.
ngha Nhm lnh gip di chuyn gia cc bn ghi. Nhm lnh thao tc trn bn ghi. Nhm lnh thao tc trn biu mu. Nhm lnh thao tc trn bo co. Nhm lnh thao tc trn cc chng trnh ng dng. Nhm lnh cha mt s thao tc khc. Hnh ng Find Next Find Record Go To First Record Go To Last Record Go To Next Record Go To Previous ngha Thc hin lnh tm k tip. Tm kim bn ghi. Di chuyn v bn ghi u tin Di chuyn v bn ghi cui cng Di chuyn n bn ghi k tip Di chuyn v bn ghi trc Thm mt bn ghi mi Xa bn ghi Sao chp bn ghi In bn ghi Lu tr bn ghi Phc hi li lnh trc trn bn ghi Thc hin lnh lc trn biu mu ng biu mu M biu mu In mt biu mu In biu mu hin ti Ly d liu mi nht cho biu mu Gi bo co qua mail
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Trong mc Action, click chn hnh ng mun to cho nt lnh.
Nhm lnh Record Navigation
Record Operations
Add New Record Delete Record Duplicate Record Print Record Save Record Undo Record
Form Operations
Apply Form Filter Close Form Open Form Print a Form Print Current Form Refresh Form Data
Report Operations
Mail Report
Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Open Report Preview Report Print Report Send Report to File Application Miscellaneous Quit Application Auto Dialer Print Table Run Macro Run Query
8. Click nt Next.
M mt bo co Xem th bo co In bo co Chuyn ni dung bo co n t p tin Thot khi Access T ng quay s In bng d liu Thc thi t p lnh Thc thi cu truy vn
9. Click chn hnh thc trnh by cho nt lnh 9A: nh p t n trnh by cho nt lnh bng ch. 9B: chn hnh trnh by nt lnh bng hnh. 10. Nhn nt Next.
11. Nh p tn nt lnh lu tr.

Lu : Tn nt lnh lu tr ny khng c g c du ting Vit.
12. Click nt Finish hon tt.

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Thc hnh trong gi: Chnh sa li ni dung trnh by, b sung thm cc nt lnh cho hai biu mu F4 v F5.
8.7.
Tm tt
Kt thc bui hc ny, Dung lm quen vi mt thnh phn mi l biu mu i tng gip to giao din trong Access. Thng qua thnh phn ny vic chia s v s dng c s d liu cho ngi khc tr nn d dng hn rt nhiu. Biu mu c th c to nhanh chng bng ch Wizard hoc Design View, sau c th c chnh sa n gin bng cch hiu chnh trnh by, thuc tnh ca cc iu khin, thuc tnh ca cc biu mu v b sung thm nt lnh.
Thc hnh ngoi gi: F7 To v hiu chnh n gin li biu mu nhp d liu cho bng DIENTHOAI. F8 To v hiu chnh n gin li biu mu hin th danh sch cc in thoi trong bng DIENTHOAI. F9 To biu mu dng Chnh/Ph nhp d liu cho 2 bng PHIEUXUAT v CTPHIEUXUAT.
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Bi ging 9 Biu bo
Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: Trnh by c khi nim cn bn, vai tr ca bo biu v cc loi bo biu. Trnh by v hiu chnh c cu trc ca bo biu. Thc hin c thao tc to v trnh by bo biu n gin
Gii thiu
Trong bi hc trc, Dng v Dung bit cch to v trnh by giao din ca chng trnh mt cch bt mt xem v nh p liu. Hai bn cng bit cch khai thc d liu cn thit thng qua cc cu truy vn. Tuy nhin d liu sau khi khai thc c in trc tip t cc cu truy vn s khng p v y cc thng s cn thit. Hm nay, Dng s hng dn cho Dung mt cng c h tr in n rt mnh trong Access, gip Dung c th in tt c d liu ang c theo b cc thch hp m Dung mong mun. Dng s gip Dung gii quyt cc cu hi sau y: 1. Biu bo l g? N c khc vi biu mu hay khng? 2. Cu trc ca mt biu bo gm nhng thnh phn c bn no? 3. Lm th no to c cc biu bo v cc dng thng gp ca n? Dng s gip Dung tr li ba cu hi u tin trong phn 1.1. Phn 1.2 s gip Dung t tr li cu hi 2. Phn 1.3 l phn quan trng nht s c p n nhng thao tc cn bn to ra cc dng bo biu thng dng. Cui cng Dung c th iu chnh cc bo biu sau khi to ra theo ca mnh da vo phn 1.4 9.1. Khi nim
nh ngha: Biu bo (Report) l mt i tng trong c s d liu gip ngi dng thit k cc mu bo co t cc d liu theo b cc mong mun in n hoc kt xut ra cc file Excel, word, V c bn Report v Form gn ging nhau, c hai i tng ny u dng trnh by cc thng tin t cc bng, cu truy vn theo nh dng ngi dng mong mun di cc dng c sn ca Access hoc t to trong ch Design. S khc nhau c bn ca Report v Form l: Form c th hin th, tra cu, c p nh t v iu khin d liu t CSDL; cn Report ch c th l p bo co v in ra, c bit Report khng lm thay i gi tr d liu trong CSDL. 9.2. Cu trc ca mt report Cu trc mt biu bo thng thng gm 5 phn chnh:
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9.2.1. Tiu biu bo (Report header) L phn tiu ca trang u tin Report, thng dng hin th tn bo co, biu tng ca cng ty hoc ngy xut bo co. Mi Report s ch c nhiu nht 1 Report header. Phn ny c th c hoc khng c thng tin ty vo ngi thit k. 9.2.2. Tiu u trang/ chn trang (Page Header/Footer) Xut hin phn u/cui ca mi trang biu bo. Ging nh khi nim Page header/Footer trong Word v Excel. Phn ny thng cha s trang, tiu , ngy gi hin hnh ca my, c th c hoc khng c thng tin tu vo ngi thit k. 9.2.3. Phn chi tit (Detail) L phn thn ca report ni hin th gi tr cc d liu ly t bng hoc truy vn lin kt vi bo biu. Phn ny s xut hin trn mi trang bo co. 9.2.4. Chn bo biu (Report Footer) Phn ny l phn cui trong biu bo v ch xut hin trong cui cng. Thng c dng hin th cc gi tr tng s ca bo co. 9.2.5. Tiu nhm (Group Header/Footer) Phn ny xut hin thm nu Report c phn nhm, thng cha tiu ca nhm ( Header) v thng k d liu theo nhm. 9.3. 9.4. 9.5. Cc dng ca mt report Report khng phn nhm: Tabular reports, Columnar reports. Report phn nhm. Cch to report To nhanh Report
Access cng cung cp cho Dung cng c to bo biu nhanh cho 1 bng d liu chn trc ch bng 2 ci nhp chut. Sau Dung c th dng ch Design view chnh sa tu theo thch ca mnh.
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1. 2.
Ti Menu Table - Chn bng d liu cn to bo biu (Nhn vin) Ti Menu Create - Click chn Report.
9.5.1. To report bng wizard Tng t nh Form wizard, Report wizard l mt cng c rt n gin, d dng to nhanh mt Report, dng trong trng hp mun ly d liu t nhiu bng/truy vn hoc ch la chn 1 s trng d liu. Dng s hng dn Dung tng bc dng Report wizard to report.
R1 Lit k cc thng tin tm tt v in thoi trong bng DIENTHOAI v tn hng sn xut tng ng trong bng HANGSX.
Vic thc hin bao gm 13 bc sau:
1. 2. 3.
Click chn th Create. Click chn Report Wizard. Chn Tables/Queries lm ngun d liu cho Report.
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4. Click i nhng trng cn chn trong Available Fields a sang mc Selected Fields. Lp li bc 3 v 4 cho n khi ly s bng/queris v s trng cn thit cho Report. Nhn nt Next.
5.
6. 7. 8. 9.
Chn cch trnh by nhm d liu theo bng trn Report: Nu cn nhm theo bng/trng no th chn bng/trng . Nhn nt Next. Thit l p cc la chn nhm nu c Nhn nt Next.
10. Thit l p th t sp xp nu c: chn tn trng cn sp xp ri chn Ascending nu mun xp tng, Descending nu xp gim. Trong trng hp nu bo biu c cc trng d liu kiu s, th s xut hin ng thi lnh Summary Option (10b). Chn vo lnh ny khai bo cc thng s thch hp cn tng kt cui Report (10c). 11. Nhn nt Next.
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12. Chn kiu hin th report mc Layout ph hp v hng giy ng (Potrait) hay giy ngang (Landcape) 13. Nhn nt Next t tn cho Report v Finish kt thc.
Lu : nu ngun d liu cho Report c ly t hai bng tr ln, th cc bng ny phi c mi quan h vi nhau. Thc hnh trong gi: R2 - To bo biu nhanh trnh by d liu t bng Nhn vin R3 - Dng chc nng Report wizard to biu bo DANH SCH PHIU XUT HNG. Thng tin gm: S phiu xut, ngy xut, H Tn Nhn vin xut, H Tn khch hng.
9.5.2. To report bng Design view Phn trc Dng hng dn Dung cc bc dng Report wizard c th thit k cc mu bo co in n d liu t CSDL. l cch lm rt d dng v nhanh chng. Tuy nhin, cc mu bo co c sinh ra ch gii hn theo mt s mu m MS Access cung cp sn, khng th in ra c nhng biu bo co phc tp theo nh yu cu a dng ca ngi s dng. Report wizard ch c th to ra cc report in d liu t cc bng hoc queries theo cu trc n gin, trong nhng trng hp yu cu cu trc report phc tp, hoc phi in d liu theo cc tiu ch, tham s ng no th khng th p ng c. Trong trng hp ny phi dng n Report design view. Sau y l tng bc hng dn s dng Report design view thit report theo yu cu nh trn:
1. 2.
Click chn th Create. Click chn Report Design.
3.
Trong nhm Tools, click chn Add Exiting Field.

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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Trong khung Field List, click chn Tables/Query lm ngun d liu cho biu mu. Chn cc trng mun xut hin trn biu mu. Sau ko th vo phn Detail ca biu mu. Click nt Save. Nh p tn biu mu. Nhn nt OK.
Lu : Khi chn 1 field ca Table/query lm d liu ngun, th cc bng d liu c mi quan h vi bng c chn s lp tc c hin th bn di (5b). Thc hnh trong gi: R4 - Dng chc nng Report Design to biu bo DANH SCH PHIU NHP HNG. Thng tin gm: S phiu nhp, ngy nhp, H Tn Nhn vin nhp, Tn nh cung cp.
9.6.
1. 2.
Mt s k thu t chnh sa report

M report cn chnh sa ch Design view. Hiu chnh cc control tng t nh hiu chnh Form
9.6.1. Thm, xo trng d liu, trang tr report
9.6.2. Thit l p thuc tnh ca cc i tng trong report Click phi trn i tng cn thay i thuc tnh, chn properties Sheet. Thuc tnh Format Decimal Places Visible Left Top Width Height Back Color Special Effect Border Style Border Color Border Width Font Color Font Name Font Weight Font Italic Font Underline M t nh dng kiu d liu numbers, dates, times, text. S s l. Hin th hoc n control. Xc nh v tr ca control theo chiu ngang. Xc nh v tr ca control theo chiu dc. Xc nh rng ca control. Xc nh chiu cao ca control. Chn mu nn ca control. Click nt chn mu. Chn hiu ng 3-D cho control. Ch nh kiu ng vin ca control transparent lines, solid lines, dashed lines Mu ng vin. rng ca ng vin. Chi nh mu cho vn ban trong cc control. Chn font ch. Ch m. Ch nghing. Gch di.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Text Align Canh l cho vn bn trong control.
9.6.3. Thit l p mt s thuc tnh quan trng cho report (Report Properties) Sau y l mt s thuc tnh thng c s dng hiu chnh cho biu bo. Thuc tnh Caption Scroll Bars Border Style Control box Picture Record Source Filter ngha Ni dung thanh tiu ca biu bo. Hiu chnh thanh cun. Kiu ng vin ca biu bo. B ba nt: thu nh cc tiu(Min), phng ln cc i Max , ng biu bo (Close). Chn hnh nn cho biu bo. Ngun d liu cho biu bo (bng/cu truy vn). iu kin lc d liu cho biu bo.
hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca biu bo, thc hin nh sau:
1. 2. 3.
Click phi gc trn tri ca biu bo. Click chn Report Properties. Trong hp thoi Properties Sheet ca Report, thc hin hiu chnh cc thuc tnh cn thit.
9.6.4. nh dng nhanh Access 2010 cung cp mt cng c cho php nh dng nhanh report vi cc mu phong ph v p To l i cho report: M report ch Layout hoc Design. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang Report Layout Tools/ Report Design Tools. Click chn mc Arrange
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Chn khi d liu cn to li. Click nt Gridline- chn kiu li hoc chn kiu stacked hoc Tabular.
Thay i nn M report ch Layout hoc Design. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang Report Layout Tools/ Report Design Tools. Click chn mc Design Chn mc Themes chn Mu nn v mu ch bn thch
9.6.5. Mt s nh dng c bit To ct s th t: Khi to report c dng danh sch, ngoi cc field trong c s d liu, ta c th to thm ct s th t cho danh sch nh sau:
1. M report ch design. 2. To mt textbox trong phn detail v khai bo cc thuc tnh cho text box 3. Control Source =1 4. Ti thuc tnh Running Sum: chn kiu nh s th t. No: khng nh s th t Over Group: nh s th t theo nhm, dng cho report c phn nhm.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Over All: nh s th t trn ton b danh sch, dng cho report khng phn nhm.
Thc hnh trong gi: R5 - Thc hin thm ct s th t v trang tr p biu bo DANH SCH PHIU NHP HNG lm.
9.7.
Tm tt bui hc
Kt thc bui hc ny, Dung lm quen vi mt cng c mi, mnh ca Access l biu bo, cng c ny gip Dung d dng to v in cc bo co a cho b Bng xem nhng khi b khng c thi gian ngi trn my cng nh phc v cng tc bo co ca hng i vi cc c quan chc nng. Dung c th to biu bo nhanh chng bng ch Wizard hoc Design View da trn d liu l cc bng hoc truy vn. Sau c th chnh sa, trnh by lm p li report mc n gin.
Thc hnh ngoi gi: R6 - To v hiu chnh biu bo DANH SCH CC LOI IN THOI c trong ca hng. Thng tin gm: cc thng tin v in thoi, hng sn xut. Danh sch c nh s th t theo tng tn in thoi. R7 - To v trnh by p biu bo BO CO CHI TIT PHIU XUT. Thng tin gm: S phiu xut, tn in thoi, hng sn xut, gi xut, Thnh tin.
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Bi ging 10 Biu bo v cc thao thc sp xp, phn nhm

Mc ch ca bui ging l gip ngi hc vn dng c bng d liu vi cc k nng sau: To c report c phn nhm Truyn tham s cho report Thc hin xem v in n Report
Gii thiu
Sau khi hc xong bi trc Dung c th t to nhng bo biu n gin phc v in n thng k cho ca hng. Tuy nhin cc biu bo ny cn rt n gin, b Bng cn c nhng yu cu bo co thng k r rng, a dng hn v v y Dng s gip Dung thc hin cc bo biu nng cao hn bng cch gii quyt cc cu hi sau y: 1. Report c phn nhm l g? Lm th no nhm cc d liu li vi nhau trong mt bo biu 2. Nu mun to bo co m ch lc 1 phn d liu theo mt tham s cho trc th c c khng?Dung phi lm th no t c iu 3. Sau khi to c cc bo biu theo yu cu, Dung s xem v in ra nh th no trnh cho b Bng xem hoc np cho cc c quan chc nng? Dng s gip Dung tr li cu hi u tin trong phn 1.1. Phn 1.2 s gip Dung tr li cu hi 2. Cui cng, phn 1.3 s c p n cc thao tc in n bo biu Dung hon thnh cng vic ca mnh. 10.1. Report c phn nhm Chc nng kt nhm ca Report l mt cng c mnh v khng th thiu, n gip cho vic trnh by khi lng ln d liu mt cch c ngha v r rng hn bng cch sp xp chng thnh cc nhm nh hn v thc hin cc php tnh ton thng k trn mi nhm ring bit. 10.1.1. To Report Grouping bng wizard Report grouping gip Dung c th t chc khi lng ln cc thng tin vo cc nhm. Vi cch ny report s th hin d liu chi tit trong tng nhm v c th thm nhiu cp nhm theo cc tiu ch khc nhau. D liu ngun cho report c phn nhm thng c ly t nhiu bng c quan h 1-n, field kt nhm thng l field kha chnh ca bng 1.
R8 - Lit k cc thng tin tm tt v in thoi trong bng DIENTHOAI, yu cu thng tin c lit k nhm theo tng hng sn xut.
Vic thc hin bao gm cc bc sau:
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1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
Click chn th Create. Click chn Report Wizard. Chn Tables/Queries lm ngun d liu cho Report. Click i nhng trng cn chn trong Available Fields a sang mc Selected Fields. Lp li bc 3 v 4 cho n khi ly s bng/queris v s trng cn thit cho Report. Nhn nt Next.
6. 7. 8.
Nhn nt Next. Thit l p cc la chn nhm bng cch: Chn field cn to nhm cha d liu con (TenHSX) Nhn nt chuyn >. Lp li bc 7 v 8 nu mun to Report c nhiu nhm lng nhau.
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9. Nhn nt Next. 10. Thit l p th t sp xp nu c: chn t n trng cn sp xp ri chn Ascending nu mun xp tng, Descending nu xp gim. 11. Nhn nt Next. 12. Chn kiu hin th report mc Layout ph hp v hng giy ng (Potrait) hay giy ngang (Landcape) 13. Nhn nt Next t tn cho Report v Finish kt thc.
10.1.2. Thm hoc iu chnh Group Trong trng hp to report, mun thm nhm hoc sp xp, Dung c th thc hin nh sau:
1. 2. 3.
Chn report v click chut phi m ch Layout view. Ti Tab Design, trong nhm Grouping & Total, Click chn Group & Sort thm nhm, Click Add a Group, Chn tn Field cn to nhm
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4. 5.
Nu mun sp xp, Click Add a Sort, Chn tn Field cn sp xp Lp li bc 3, 4 nu mun Report c nhiu cp
6. 7.
thay i th t (cp b c) ca nhm, Click chn nhm cn thay i, Click chn Move Up hoc Move Down. xo 1 nhm, Click chn nhm ri chn nt xo.
Thc hnh trong gi: R9 - To li bo biu DANH SCH IN THOI c phn nhm theo hng sn xut nh trn. Sp xp tng dn theo n gi in thoi R10 - To bo biu DANH SCH PHIU XUT HNG THEO NHN VIN. Thng tin gm: H Tn Nhn vin xut, S phiu xut, ngy xut, H Tn khch hng. Trong , d liu c trnh by nhm theo tng Nhn vin xut. Sau mi nhn vin c dng tng s phiu xut (cho mi nhn vin). Trang tr p.
10.1.3. To SubReport Subreport c tc dng tng t nh Report grouping. S khc bit duy nht l to cc report trong hai phn ring bit: Main Report v SubReport. Cch to tng t nh to Main/Sub Form:
1. To Main Report, d liu ngun thng l bng cha, dng Columnar 2. To SubReport, d liu ngun phi cha field lin kt vi Main Report, thng chn dng Tabular.
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3. a SubReport vo Main Report:
a. b. c. d. e.
M Main Report ch Design view Chn cng c SubForm/SubReport trong nhm lnh Controls. Chn t n SubReport v t ti vng Detail ca Report Thit l p thuc tnh Link child Fields v Link master Fields. Chn Finish, kt qu nh hnh sau:
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 10.1.4. Ngt trang trong Report c phn nhm i vi cc report c phn nhm, thng ngi dng c nhu cu hin th d liu trong mi nhm trn mt trang, thc hin, ta dng chc nng ngt trang theo nhm: Click phi trn thanh group header, chn properties- Ti thuc tnh Force New Page - chn Before section/ After section tu theo yu cu. 10.2. Report c tham s Report c tham s thc cht l loi Report c kh nng lc d liu khi in. V d: Bnh thng Report in ra doanh s bn hng ca tt c cc nhn vin ca ca hng. By gi nu mun in doanh s bn hng ca mt nhn vin no, lc ny phi cn n report c tham s. C nhiu cch thit l p v s dng report c tham s - Thit l p tham s trn Record Source ca report. - Thit l p tham s trn iu kin lc (Where Condition) dng Macro. - Thit l p tham s trong cu lnh VBA DoCmd; - Trong phn ny, Dng ch hng dn cch thit l p tham s trn thuc tnh Record Source ca report. Cch ny d lm, khng cn am hiu v l p trnh VBA.
R11 - In doanh s bn hng ca mt nhn vin no . Thng tin ca nhn vin cn in doanh s c chn t 1 form 1. To Report p ng yu cu thng tin: C th s dng Report Wizard hoc Report Design View to ra mt Report in doanh s bn hng ca nhn vin vi cc thng tin nh sau:
2. To form theo yu cu bi ton: Trong t n Form c t l TKDSNHANVIEN, combobox cha m s nhn vi n c t tn: MaNV
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3. Thit l p tham s cho Report: a. M report to c ch Design View (ch thit k) b. Chn Report Properties c. Ti mc Data Filter, nh p cng thc: T n field = Forms!<T n form>!<t n i tng> Trong trng hp ny, ta nh p: MANV=FORMS!TKDSNHANVIEN!MaNV
4. Kt qu:
10.3. Xem v in Report 10.3.1. Xem tr c khi in Sau khi thit k xong, Dung phi xem Report trc khi in, hnh thc ca report xem ch preview s l hnh thc khi in ra giy. xem report trc khi in, chn mt trong cc cch sau: Chn Tab File- Chn Print- Print Preview.
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Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010 Chn Tab Home- View- Print Preview. Click chut phi ti Report mun xem - Print Preview.
10.3.2. Hiu chnh l trang, in iu chnh trang in cho ph hp vi yu cu ca bo co. Dung c th khai bo: Lnh Size Margins Print data only Page Setup Print Close Print Preview
Thc hnh trong gi: R12 - iu chnh bo biu DANH SCH PHIU XUT HNG THEO NHN VIN to trn s in danh sch phiu xut ca mi nhn vin trn tng trang. R13 - T bo biu to DANH SCH PHIU XUT HNG THEO NHN VIN. iu khin cho php in theo tng nhn vin c m s c nhp vo t Form lin kt. R14 - To bo biu main sub nh mu sau:
Ti ch Preview nh hnh trn Trong ch Design view, chn menu Page Setup Chc nng Chn nhanh kh giy ph hp Canh nhanh li l trang cho report Check vo y nu mun ch in d liu m khng in cc nh dng v tiu iu chnh l, hng in, kh giy, In ra my in Tt ch xem trc khi in
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10.4. Tm tt bui hc Kt thc bui hc ny, Dung bit cch to cc bo biu dng c phn nhm hoc main/sub gip ngi xem c ci nhn r rng hn trong thng k d liu. c bit, Dung cng c th iu khin vic in d liu bng cch lin kt vi Form cho php tm kim v in bo co theo iu kin cho trc, rt thu n tin cho ngi dng.
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GIO TRNH MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010

GIO TRNH MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010

Tp. HCM, 09/2011

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

Tng quan v Access 2010................................................................................................ 2

Cc thao tc c bn trn Access 2010.............................................................................. 3

Xy dng cu trc bng.................................................................................................. 13

Cc thuc tnh ca trng d liu .................................................................................. 17

Cc ch lm vic vi bng ......................................................................................... 25

Tm tt bui hc ............................................................................................................. 26 X l d liu trn bng ................................................................................................... 29

Chnh sa cu trc v cch trnh by bng.................................................................... 36

3.4.1. 3.4.2. 3.5. 3.6. 4.1.

Bi ging 4 4.1.1. 4.1.2. 4.2.

To cu truy vn la chn (Select query)....................................................................... 48

4.4.1. 4.4.2. 4.4.3. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 5.1.

Cc ton t tnh ton v hm tnh ton .......................................................................... 65

6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.2.3. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 7.1.

Bi ging 7 7.1.1. 7.1.2.

Cch to biu mu n ................................................................................................... 89

Cch to biu mu dng Chnh/Ph (Main/Sub) ........................................................... 92

8.6.1. 8.6.2. 8.6.3. 8.6.4. 8.6.5. 8.7. 9.1. 9.2. Bi ging 9

9.2.1. 9.2.2. 9.2.3.

Mt s k thut chnh sa report .................................................................................. 110

Tm tt bui hc ........................................................................................................... 113 Report c phn nhm ................................................................................................ 114

10.3.1. 10.3.2. 10.4.

Tm tt bui hc ....................................................................................................... 122

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

Bi ging 1 Tng quan v CSDL v MS Access 2010

D liu c th c truy xut theo nhiu cch khc nhau.

Nhiu ngi c th s dng cng lc mt CSDL vi s phn quyn, bo mt cao.

Cc thao tc c bn trn Access 2010

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

To CSDL trng vi cc thao tc sau:

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

Vic m CSDL c sn cng rt d dng:

Gm 2 thao tc Hnh 1.7

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

thot khi Access, thc hin mt trong cc cch sau:

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

Bi ging 2 Tng quan v bng n v cn bn t chc CSDL

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

Mi mt ct ca bng s ng vi mt trng d liu ca thc th thng tin.

Yes/No OLE Object Hyperlink Attachment

Xy dng cu trc bng

2.3.1. Bng thit k m t cu trc bng.

HOTENNV HINHANH PHAINU NGAYSINH DIACHI DIENTHOAI EMAIL CHUCVU

Text OLE Object Yes/No Date/Time Text Text Text Text

NGAYVAOLA Date/Time M HOSO Attachment

T2_KHACHHANG: dng lu tr thng tin ca cc khch hng mua hng ti ca hng

Tn field MAKH HOTENKH NGAYSIN H DIACHI DIENTHO AI EMAIL

Kiu d liu Text Text Date/Time Text Text Text

Cc bng cn li tham kho thm cui bi.

1. Chn menu Create. 2. Trong nhm Tables, chn Table Design.

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

1. Chn menu Create. 2. Trong nhm Tables, chn Table.

Cc thuc tnh ca trng d liu

Loi s Byte Integer Long Integer Single Double Decimal

Vi trng kiu Text, thuc tnh ny cho bit chiu di ti a ca chui k t.

thit l p nh dng, ta cn khai bo cc ch dn. Mt s cc k hiu thng dng:

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010

K hiu ! < > & Text (Space) @

Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2010