- -

:
.

, 2009.

 , . , ,
.

:
1. ................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1. .............................................................................................................. 2
1.1.1. ................................................................................................................ 2
1.1.2. ............................................................................ 4
1.1.3. ............................................................ 5
1.2.
....................................................................................................................... 6
2. ..................................................................................................... 9
2.1. ............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2. ....................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1. ? ................................................................. 9
2.2.2. .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.3. Noli turbare circulos meos! ! ................................. 11
2.2.4. ................................................................................................. 11
2.3. ..................................................................................................................... 13
3. ............................................................................................................................... 14
3.1. .............................................................................. 14
3.2. .................................................................................................................. 14
4. , .......................................................................................................... 17
4.1. ................................................................................................... 17
4.2. , , ................................................................................................................ 18
4.3. .............................................................................................................................. 18
4.4. ................................................................................................. 19
4.5. ............................................................................................................................. 19
4.6. ................................................................................................................................... 20
4.7. 3. ........ 21
4.8. ............................................................................................................... 24
5. .............................................................................................................. 25
5.1. ? .............................................................................................. 25
5.2. - .................................................................................................. 25
5.3. ........................................................................................................................... 26
5.4. ............................................................................................................ 27
5.5. , ? ...................................................................... 28
5.6. .......................................................................................................... 31
5.7. ? .............................................. 32
5.8. ..................................... 33
5.9. .......................................................................................................... 34
5.10. ? ....................................................................................................... 36
6. ....................................................................................................................................... 41
7. ................................................................................................................................... 42
......................................................................................................... 43
........................................................................................ 44

1.
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1.2.

:
. , , ,
, 1992
. , , , 1993
.

.
:
. , . , ,
, , 1993
. , ,
. , . , , ,
,
:
. , . , . , . , . , VI
, , , 1997
. , . , VII , ,
, 2008
. , , , 1975
. . , , , , , 1962
:
. , , ,
, , 2007
. , . , . -:
VI , , , 2007
. , . , . -:
VII , , , 2007


:
. , ?, 01/02-84
,
, , 2972, 23.1.2009.,
,
. , , 02/03-88 ,


- (: http://kobson.nb.rs/Kobson/page/).


.
,
. ,
.
, ,
. , ,
.
.
, .
,
, Physics Education
Teaching Physics.
.
:
1. Frank Thompson, Archimedes and the golden crown,
Physics Education, July 2008
-
. ,

.
2. Ayse Oguz, Kemal Yurumezoglu, Experiment clarifes buoyancy,
Physics Education, May 2008
-
. , ,
,
5.1.
3. Boris M. Valiyov, Vladimir D. Yegorenkov, Do fluids always push up objects immersed in
them?,
TEACHING PHYSICS, Phys. Educ. 35(4) July 2000
-

.


4. S. Ganci, A multipurpose experiment with an electronic balance,
Physics Education, May 2008
-
III ( ).
5.4.
5. G. Calz, L. M. Gratton, T. Lpez-Arias, S. Oss, Easy test calculates airs weight,
Physics Education, January 2009
-

( 5.6.).
6. Frackson Mumba, Mesfin Tsige, Finding the density of objects without measuring mass and
volume,
Physics Education, May 2007
-
,
. (
5.7.).
7. Nazir Amir, R. Subramaniam, Making a fun Cartesian diver: a simple project to engage
kinaesthetic learners,
Physics Education, September 2007
-
( 5.8.).
8. Concetto Gianino, A bizarre application of Archimedes law,
Physics Education, March 2007
-
( )
-.
( 5.10.).

2.
2.1.

2.1.
(, 287 212 ) , ,
. 287.
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() ( )
.
. , .
. ( ) , .
(3,14), ,
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()
,
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.

2.2.
2.2.1. ?
, ,
, ,
.
,
FA , , , FZ ,


FA d A = FZ d Z

(2.1)

FA d Z
=
FZ d A

d A , d Z
.
FA = 600 N . 6 10 24 kg
(
m
FZ = M Z g , g 10 2 ) d A 10 23
s
d Z .

() 1 cm
10 21 m . ,
1 cm . 600 N
, 10 21 .
,
m
( 3 10 8 ), ,
s
.

?
2.2. ?

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.
2.2.2.

, .

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10

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2.3.
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. .

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2.2.3. Noli turbare circulos meos! !

.
212.
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.
2.2.4.

2.4.
11

174
(O , O , O , , O , O
, ).
. .

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2.5.
.
, .
.
( )
.

2.6. ,

. 14 ,
, ,
.


.

2.7.

12

2.3.

, , .
III:
, ,
. (...)

IV:
, , ,
. (...)

V:
, ,
()
. (...)

VI:
, ,
(). (...)

VII:
, , ( )
() .
(...)

II:

.

13

3.
3.1.

. , ,
. , ,
.
. ,
.
,
( 3.1). ,
, .
,
r
. F1 ,
h1 .
r
F2 , h2 .
r
r
, F2 F1 .

3.1.
r
r
F1 F2 , .
r
( F p ):
r
r
r
F p = F2 + F1
(3.1)
F2 F1 , ( F2 ).
F p = F2 F1

(3.2)

.
.

, , .

3.2.
.
.
, 3.2.

14

3.2.
() .
( 3.2,).
. ,
.
, ,
. ( 3.2,).
,
( 3.2,).
:
.

,
.

F p = mg

(3.3)

m = 0V

(3.4)

F p = 0Vg

(3.5)

0 ( ), V , g = 9,81

s2

.
: Q Fp (
3.3). , . ( Q ),
( Fp ), .
, Q1 , .
, Q1 .
, , ,
.
, ,
.
, : Q Fp (
3.3). ,
. ( F1 ).
F1 , .

15

.
,
. ,
( 3.3).
, .
,
.
.
( ) ,
( )
.

3.3. , , ()
( 3.4)
.

3.4.
Q Fp
( t).
b Fp .
Q t.
. yy
, .

:
- (),
- ,
.
.

16

, .
3.2 ,

.

.
. 3.5 ( 3.5,
) ( 3.5, )
.

3.5 ) )

4. ,

: , , , , , ,
.
.
,
.

4.1.
: ,

, ,

: , .
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.
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.
. , : 1
+ . : 1
+ .
( 15 ), ,
, .
: , , ,
, .
1/8 , 2 ,
25 N (
2,5 kg). ,
.

17

4.2. , ,
: ,

, , , ,

, ,
. ( 4.1)
.

4.1. , , ( );
;
,
.
.
,
(
)
.

4.3.
: ,

, ,

Q mg
=
= g )
V
V
.
.

( =

, ( 4.2).
,
.
,
( ).

4.2.

18

4.4.
: ,

, ,

. 1m 3
12,5N , 10 5 Pa .
. 60km
4000 .
,
.
.
.
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() .
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22km . ,

.

4.3. ()

4.5.
: ,

, , ,

. ?

4.4.
V
V
V = , x = 2 = ?
9
V1
19

V1 = V + V . ( )
:
Q = Fp ,
:

Q = m1 g = 1V1 g

V
F p = mV g = V (V1 V2 ) g = V V1 1 2
V1
:

1 = (1 x) V x = 1

g .

1
.
V

:
mV = m1 ; V V = 1 (V + V )

1
1
1
V
=
= 0,9
=
=

1
V
V V + V 1 +
1+

9
V
x = 1 0,9 = 0,1 .
( 9/10) .
.

4.6.
1. ?
r
- F1 ,
h1 ,
r
F2 , h2 .
r
r
, F2 F1
.
2. ?
- .
3. , ?
- ,
, .
4. , ,
: , .
.
- , ( )
:
vV v g = a V a g
v , Vv , a , Va
, :
Vv a
=
.
Va v

20


5. .
?
- ,
. ,
.
6. ;
, . ,
. ? ().

4.5.
- ,

, .

4.7. 3.

3.

. ( ,
):

, e ,
. .
: 0 = 1 g cm 3 .
: .
:
1.
2.
3.

. , F

l
ml
.
T = 2
= 2
F
F
m
25 :
8
.
21

, .
17 .

T0 = 2

l
.
g

F mg m vode g
=
= 1 vode g = 1 0 g ,

m
m
m

T = 2

l
0
1

= 2

(5).
= T0
0 g
0

= 0

T2
(3).
T 2 T02

, .
:
7
, ,
5 3 ( 7)
,
7, 5 3 7, 5 3 ,
3, 2 1 7, 5 3 .
,
( ).

, ,
.
.

22

li

ts [s]

1
16.68
16.65
16.68
16.67

2
16.30
16.33
16.30
16.31

3
14.93
14.96
14.96
14.95

4
14.45
14.43
14.42
14.43

5
12.89
12.89
12.86
12.88

6
12.11
12.08
12.12
12.10

T0 [s]

1.667

1.631

1.495

1.443

1.288

1.210

T02 [s 2 ]

ts [s]
T [s]

2.779
18.18
18.20
18.14
18.17
1.817

2.660
17.53
17.58
17.56
17.56
1.756

2.235
15.93
15.95
16.02
15.97
1.597

2.082
15.59
15.58
15.61
15.59
1.559

1.659
13.87
13.83
13.83
13.84
1.384

1.464
13.02
13.02
13.02
13.02
1.302

T 2 [s 2 ]

3.303

3.083

2.550

2.430

1.916

1.695

ti [s]

ti [s]

4.1.
7
, .
5 ,
.
3 .
,
.
1 = 0

T12

T012
T2
2 = 0 2 2 2
T2 T02
T2
3 = 0 2 3 2
T3 T03
T2
4 = 0 2 4 2
T4 T04
T2
5 = 0 2 5 2
T5 T05
T2
6 = 0 2 6 2
T6 T06

S =

T12

= 1000

3.303s 2

kg
m

= 1000
= 1000
= 1000
= 1000
= 1000

kg
m

kg
m

kg
m

kg
m

kg
m

(3.303 2.779)s

3.083s 2

(3.083 2.660)s

2.550s 2

(2.550 2.235)s

2.430s 2

(2.430 2.082)s 2
1.916s 2

(1.916 1.659)s

1.695s 2

(1.695 1.464)s

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6
6

= 6303

kg
m3
kg

= 7288

m3
kg

= 8095

m3

= 6983
= 7455
= 7338

kg
m3
kg

m3

kg
m3

43461.8kg / m 3
kg
= 7244 3 .
6
m

7, 5 3 7, 5 3
.
kg
kg
kg
kg
= (8095 7244) 3 = 851 3
900 3 ,

1000 3 (2.7).
m
m
m
m

kg

= (7200 900) 3 ,
m

= (7000 1000)

kg
(0.3)
m3

3, 2 1 7, 5 3 .
23

4.8.
1964. , ,
.

. ,
. , ,
. .
.

.
.
. .
.
. .
, -
. ,
, .
1949. .
.
,
.

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.

24

5.
, ,

.
, ,
, ,
.

5.1. ?

, ,

-
-

. .

5.1.

, .

,
,
.

.
,
.

5.2. -

, , ,

-
- -
- ( , )
25

- . .
. .

5.2. -

- ,
.
.
, .

, ,
. ,
, .
, ,
.

5.3.

, III

III .

-
- ,
-

5.3.

.
. .

26

5.4.

.
(5 10 g ).
. 200 - 250 g .

, ,
, . III ,
, () , ()
. , ,
. .

5.4.

, ,

-
-
-
- -
-
- ,

5.5.

, .
, ( 5.6,
). , .
, , ,
.
27

. .
. ,
, , .

5.6.

.
, ( 5.6, ).

, , .
,
, . ,
. , ,
.

5.5. , ?
) ?

, ,

,
.

-
-
-
-
-

. ,
. ,
, .
. .
.
.

, .
28

5.7. ?

. ,
, . ,
, .
.

) ?

, , , , ,

-
-

.
.
, .

5.8.

, .

r
, FP .
r
. , FP ,
r
r
r
, G , FP + G
.

29

r r
r
G = FP , FP
.
0 C :
g
g
leda = 0,917 3 , vode = 0,999 3 .
cm
cm
:
FP = m v g = v V v g
FP = v hv S g

(5.1)

v , mv , Vv , , , hv -
, S - , g- .
:
G = ml g = lVl g = l hl Sg
G = l hl Sg

(5.2)

l , ml , Vl , , , hl - .
:
G = FP

(5.3)

(5.1), (5.2) (5.3)

:

h = hl hv = hl 1 l
v

(5.4)

, ,
1
hl :
12
,
Vv . ,
.
, . ,
, , ,
.
,
, .
, ,
.

30

5.6.

, .

-
-
- - ( )

. -
. .
.

5.9.

. .

5.10.

(
)
.
.
- ,
(- ).
()
,
.

31

5.7. ?

.


.
.

.

-
-
- 5g
-
-

(
5 )
.
.

.

5.11.

.

5 ( 5.11).

.

.
( ).

,

32

5.8.

, ,

, ,
.
.

-
-
-
-

2, ,
1, ( 5.12).
r1 r2 .

5.12.
2 .
2
( 5.13).

5.13.
r1 r3 .
kg
, v = 10 3 3 , 2.
m

2 ,
.
33

, :
M 1 g r1 = M 2 g r2

(5.5)

2 , ,
: F p = v V2 g , V 2
.
:
M 1 g r1 = M 2 g r 3 F p r3
:

M 2 g r 3 M 1 g r1 = F p r3
(5.5) : M 1 = M 2

M 2 = 2 V2 :

r2
. (5.6) :
r1
r
M 2 g r 3 M 2 g 2 r1 = F p r3
r1

2 V2 g r 3 2 V2 g r2 = v V2 r3

2 =

(5.6)

(5.7)

(5.8)

(5.9)
r2
1
r3
,
, .

5.9.

- ( 2l)
- ( 10-15cm, 1,0-1,5cm)
-

.
.
1-2 mm .
.
, . .
, .

. .
. ,
.
34

5.14.

.
.

,
.
, .
,
. ,
.
.
, ,
.
(Ren Descartes,
1596 1650)
.
( 5.15).
.

5.15.
. .
.


.
. ,
, .
,

( ).
35


,
.

5.16.

, ( 5.17).

5.17.
,
.

5.10. ?

, , , , , II ,

, .
(, , ,
)
. ,
.
() .
.

-
-
-
-
-
36

,
( ).
. ,
( 5.18).
. .
, .
, ,
, .

5.18.

, .
(
) .

r
Fp , :
r
r
F p = V 0 g
(5.10)
r
V - , 0 - , g - .
II :
r
r
F p = ma p
r
r
(5.11)
F p = Va p
r
- , a p - .

(5.10) (5.11):
r
r
V 0 g = Va p
:

r
r
ap = 0 g

(5.12)

( 5.19, ), ,
, ( ).

37

5.19.
0 > , ,
, :

r
r r
r
(5.13)
a ' r = g + a p = g (1 0 )

r
a 'r - ,
, .
r
( 5.19, ), a0
. ,
, ( )
r
( a0 ).
, ( )
r
, ( a0 )
,
( ).
:
r
r
r
F p* = V 0 ( a 0 ) = Va *p
(5.14)

:
r
r
a *p = 0 a 0
(5.15)

r
a0 - .
, ,
r
r
( a0 ) a *p .
, ,
r
r r
a ' r = g + a p . ,
r
r
( a0 ) a *p :
r
r r
r
(5.16)
a"r = a ' r a 0 + a *p

( 5.19, ).
5.19, , :

38

5.20.
(5.15):

r
r
r
a *p a0 = ( 0 1)a0

0 > , ,
, . :

r
r
r
r
a *p a0 = ( 0 1)a0 = (1 0 )a0

( 5.20, ).
:
g (1

0
)

a"r

= cos

0
)
a

tg =
= 0

g
g (1 0 )

a 0 (1

:
a 0 = g tg

(5.17)

, .

( , ,
):
r
r r
(5.18)
g * = g a0
:
r
r r
r
a *p = 0 g * = 0 ( g a0 )

r
r
r
a r* = a *p + g *

39

(5.19)

(5.20)

5.21.
:
a
tg = 0 .
g

40

6.

.
,
.
, , ,
.
.
,
.
,
.
: (

) (
).
.
,
,
.

41

7.
1. . , . , . , . , . , VI
, , , 1997
2. . , . , VII , ,
, 2008
3. . , , , 1975
4. . . , , , , , 1962
5. . , , ,
, , 2007
6. . , . , . -:
VI , , , 2007
7. . , . , . -:
VII , , , 2007
8. . , ?, 01/02-84
,
9. . , , 02/03-88 ,

10. . , , ,
, 1992
11. . , , , 1993
12. . , . , ,
, , 1993
13. . , ,
14. . , . , , ,
15. , , 2972, 23.1.2009.,
,
16. :
http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/contents.html
http://www.planet-science.com/under11s/index.html?page=/under11s/levers/index.html
http://kobson.nb.rs/Kobson/page/

42

, 17.08.1985. .
.
2004. ,
, 2008. .

43



-

:

/ :

, .

()
/

2009

- , 4,

7/47/16/1/38/0/0

, , , ,
, ,
, -

.
,
, ,
.
01.06.2009.
26.06.2009.

44

:
:
:

, .
, .
, .

45


UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION
Accession number:
ANO
Identification number:
INO
Document type:
DT
Type of record:
TR
Content code:
CC
Author:
AU
Mentor/comentor:
MN
Title:
TI
Language of text:
LT
Language of abstract:
LA
Country of publication:
CP
Locality of publication:
LP
Publication year:
PY
Publisher:
PU
Publication place:
PP
Physical description:
PD
Scientific field:
SF
Scientific discipline:
SD
Subject/ Key words:
SKW
UC
Holding data:
HD
Note:
N
Abstract:
AB

Accepted by the Scientific Board:

ASB
Defended on:
DE

Monograph publication
Textual printed material
Final paper
Ivana Rani
Ph.D. Duanka Obadovi, full prof.
Formation and development of the concepts of Archimedes law in the
teaching process in elementary education
Serbian (Cyrillic)
English
Republic of Serbia
Vojvodina
2009
Author's reprint
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Trg Dositeja Obradovia 4, Novi Sad
7/47/16/1/38/0/0
Physics
Demonstrative experiments in teaching
concept, "Hands on" experiments, buoyancy, Archimedes' law, floating,
sinking, hovering
Library of Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovia 4
none
Suggestion for formation and development of the concepts of Archimedes'
law in the teaching process is given in this work. In order to understand
better concepts of Archimedes' law besides theoretical explanation,
questions and examples, the implementation of simple experiments (Hands
on) into the educational process is shown.
01.06.2009.
26.06.2009.

46


Thesis defend board:
DB
President:
Member:
Member:

Ph.D. Darko Kapor, full prof.

Ph.D. Sran Raki, full prof.
Ph.D. Duanka Obadovi, full prof.

47