Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________

ID: A

1st Quarter Cumulative Review

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? a. evolutionary adaptations b. energy processing c. responding to the environment d. growth and reproduction e. all of the above 2. What is a localized group of organisms that belong to the same species? a. biosystem b. community c. population d. ecosystem e. organ system 3. In terms of the hierarchical organization of life, a bacterium is at the ____ level of organization, whereas a human is at the ____ level of organization. a. single-celled organism; multicellular organism b. single organelle; organism c. organelle; organ system d. single tissue; multicellular organism e. tissue; organism 4. Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? a. requires genetic variation b. results in descent with modification c. involves differential reproductive success d. B and C only e. A, B, and C 5. According to Charles Darwin, organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they a. possess non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment. b. possess non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment. c. possess non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. d. possess inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. e. possess inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. 6. Which of the following statements is not part of Charles Darwin's concept of natural selection? a. Slight inheritable variations within a population may make an individual significantly more or less likely to survive in its environment, and thus to reproduce. b. Every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than the local environment can support. c. Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes. d. Better adapted members of a species will survive and reproduce more successfully. e. Most individuals in a species do not survive to reproduce. 1

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Name: ________________________ ____

ID: A

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7. Collecting data based on observation is an example of ____; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an example of ____ reasoning. a. hypothesis-based science; inductive b. the process of science; deductive c. discovery science; inductive d. descriptive science; deductive e. hypothesis-based science; deductive 8. What is a hypothesis? a. the same thing as an unproven theory b. a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable c. a verifiable observation sensed directly, or sensed indirectly with the aid of scientific instrumentation d. a fact based on qualitative data that is testable e. a fact based on quantitative data that is falsifiable 9. Which of these is a deduction? a. My car won't start. b. My car's battery is dead. c. My car is out of gas. d. I lost my car key. e. If I turn the key in the ignition while stepping on the gas pedal, then my car will start. 10. When applying the process of science, which of these is tested? a. a question b. a result c. an observation d. a prediction e. a hypothesis 11. A controlled experiment is one in which a. the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate. b. the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data. c. there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment. d. there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables. e. there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables. 12. About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? a. carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen b. carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen c. oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium d. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen e. carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium 13. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16. Thus, the atomic mass of an oxygen atom is a. exactly 8 grams. b. exactly 8 daltons. c. approximately 16 grams. d. approximately 16 daltons. e. 24 amu (atomic mass units).

Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 14. Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic mass of 40. Therefore, a calcium atom must have a. 20 protons. b. 40 electrons. c. 40 neutrons. d. A and B only e. A, B, and C Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

____ 15. Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of nitrogen (

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N)?

a. Drawing A b. Drawing B c. Drawing C d. Drawing D e. Drawing E ____ 16. Which drawing depicts an atom that is inert or chemically unreactive? a. Drawing A b. Drawing B c. Drawing C d. Drawing D e. Drawing E ____ 17. Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 3? a. Drawing A b. Drawing B c. Drawing C d. Drawing D e. Drawing E Use the information extracted from the periodic table in the figure below to answer the following questions.

____ 18. How many electrons does nitrogen have in its valence shell? a. 2 b. 5 c. 7 d. 8 e. 14 3

Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 19. Fluorine has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19. How many electrons are needed to complete the valence shell of a fluorine atom? a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7 e. 9 ____ 20. A covalent chemical bond is one in which a. electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. b. protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. c. outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms. d. outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another atom. e. the inner-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the outer shell of another atom. ____ 21. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an element with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 6 ____ 22. What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms? a. a nonpolar covalent bond b. a polar covalent bond c. an ionic bond d. a hydrogen bond e. a hydrophobic interaction ____ 23. The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when a. chlorine gains an electron from sodium. b. sodium and chlorine share an electron pair. c. sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer valence shells. d. sodium gains an electron from chlorine. e. chlorine gains a proton from sodium. ____ 24. What kind of a bond does NH4+ form with Cl - to make ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl)? a. nonpolar covalent b. polar covalent c. ionic d. hydrogen e. C and D only ____ 25. Which of the following is true for this reaction? 3 H 2 + N2 2 NH3 a. The reaction is nonreversible. b. Hydrogen and nitrogen are the reactants of the reverse reaction. c. Hydrogen and nitrogen are the products of the forward reaction. d. Ammonia is being formed and decomposed. e. Hydrogen and nitrogen are being decomposed.

Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 26. An example of a hydrogen bond is the bond between a. C and H in methane (CH4). b. the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule. c. Na+and Cl- in salt. d. the two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen gas (H 2). e. Mg+and Cl- in MgCl2. ____ 27. What determines the cohesiveness of water molecules? a. hydrophobic interactions b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. ionic bonds d. hydrogen bonds e. both A and C ____ 28. Which of the following is true when an ice cube cools a drink? a. Molecule collisions in the drink increase. b. Kinetic energy in the drink decreases. c. A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink. d. The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases. e. Evaporation of the water in the drink increases. ____ 29. Which bonds must be broken for water to vaporize? a. ionic bonds b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. polar covalent bonds d. hydrogen bonds e. covalent bonds ____ 30. Ice is lighter and floats in water because it is a crystalline structure in which each water molecule is bonded to a maximum of four other water molecules by which kind of bond? a. ionic b. hydrogen c. covalent d. A and C only e. A, B, and C

Name: ________________________

ID: A

The picture below illustrates a solute molecule surrounded by a hydration shell of water. Use it to answer the following question.

____ 31. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule is most likely a. positively charged. b. negatively charged. c. without charge. d. hydrophobic. e. nonpolar. Use the figure below to answer the following questions:

____ 32. How many grams of the molecule in the figure above would be equal to 1 mol of the molecule? (Carbon = 12, Oxygen = 16, Hydrogen = 1) a. 29 b. 30 c. 60 d. 150 e. 342 ____ 33. One liter of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H +) than 1 L of a solution of pH 6? a. 4 times more b. 400 times more c. 4,000 times more d. 10,000 times more e. 100,000 times more

Name: ________________________ ____ 34. How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 8 ____ 35. What is the name of the functional group shown in the following figure?

ID: A

a. carbonyl b. ketone c. aldehyde d. carboxyl e. hydroxyl ____ 36. Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group? a. amino b. carbonyl c. carboxyl d. sulfhydryl e. aldehyde Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

____ 37. Which is a carboxyl functional group? a. Group A b. Group B c. Group C d. Group D e. Group E ____ 38. Which molecule can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid? a. Molecule A b. Molecule B c. Molecule C d. Molecule D e. Molecule E

Name: ________________________

ID: A

Use the molecules shown in the figure below to answer the following questions..

____ 39. Which molecule contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid? a. Molecule A b. Molecule B c. Molecule C d. Molecule D e. Molecule E ____ 40. Which molecule is an organic phosphate? a. Molecule A b. Molecule B c. Molecule C d. Molecule D e. Molecule E ____ 41. Which of the following is true of cellulose? a. It is a polymer composed of sucrose monomers. b. It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. c. It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in animal cells. d. It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. e. It is a major structural component of animal cell plasma membranes.

Name: ________________________ ____ 42. What is the structure shown in the figure below?

ID: A

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a. starch molecule b. protein molecule c. steroid molecule d. cellulose molecule e. phospholipid molecule Upon chemical analysis, a particular protein was found to contain 556 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? a. 139 b. 554 c. 555 d. 556 e. 558 Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? a. peptide bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. disulfide bonds d. phosphodiester bonds e. A, B, and C Altering which of the following levels of structural organization could change the function of a protein? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary e. all of the above Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells? a. DNA RNA proteins b. RNA proteins DNA c. proteins DNA RNA d. RNA DNA proteins e. DNA proteins RNA

Name: ________________________

ID: A

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated below. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

____ 47. Which of the following molecules is (are) a carbohydrate? a. 1 and 4 b. 6 c. 12 d. 5 and 14 e. all of the above ____ 48. Which of the following molecules is a saturated fatty acid? a. 1 b. 5 c. 6 d. 8 e. 9

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 49. Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA? a. 1 b. 4 c. 6 d. 12 e. 13 ____ 50. Which of the following are prokaryotic cells? a. plants b. fungi c. bacteria d. animals e. B and C only ____ 51. Which of the following structures is most directly associated with the secretion of compounds that will become part of the plant cell wall? a. smooth ER b. rough ER c. plasmodesmata d. Golgi-derived vesicles e. Golgi apparatus ____ 52. Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? a. Golgi lysosome ER plasma membrane b. tonoplast plasma membrane nuclear envelope smooth ER c. nuclear envelope lysosome Golgi plasma membrane d. rough ER vesicles Golgi plasma membrane e. ER chloroplasts mitochondrion cell membrane Refer to the following five terms to answer the following questions. Choose the most appropriate term for each phrase. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. B. C. D. E. lysosome vacuole mitochondrion Golgi apparatus peroxisome

____ 53. helps to recycle the cell's organic material a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E ____ 54. contains its own DNA and ribosomes a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 55. a versatile plant compartment that may hold reserves of organic compounds or inorganic ions a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E ____ 56. Which of the following statements incorrectly describes common structural features of an animal secretory cell and a photosynthetic plant cell? a. Both cells have Golgi apparatus. b. Both cells have mitochondria. c. Both cells have chloroplasts. d. Both cells have a plasma membrane. e. Both cells have a nucleus. For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in the figure below with its description.

____ 57. fiber of the extracellular matrix a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E ____ 58. When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the middle of the bilayer. The best explanation for this is that a. the integral membrane proteins are not strong enough to hold the bilayer together. b. water that is present in the middle of the bilayer freezes and is easily fractured. c. hydrophilic interactions between the opposite membrane surfaces are destroyed on freezing. d. the carbon-carbon bonds of the phospholipid tails are easily broken. e. the hydrophobic interactions that hold the membrane together are weakest at this point.

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 59. All of the following molecules are part of the cell membrane except a. lipids. b. nucleic acids. c. proteins. d. phosphate groups. e. steroids. ____ 60. Of the following functions, which is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes? a. facilitated diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradients b. active transport of molecules against their concentration gradients c. maintaining the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane d. maintaining membrane fluidity at low temperatures e. a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another ____ 61. Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? a. CO2 b. an amino acid c. glucose d. K+ e. starch ____ 62. Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are a. hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. b. hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. c. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution. d. hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution. e. isotonic with fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution. ____ 63. You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. In order for this drug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. Which of the following would not be a factor that determines whether the molecule enters the cell? a. size of the drug molecule b. polarity of the drug molecule c. charge on the drug molecule d. similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules transported by the target cells e. lipid composition of the target cells' plasma membrane ____ 64. The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires a. low cellular concentrations of sodium. b. high cellular concentrations of potassium. c. an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient. d. a cotransport protein. e. a gradient of protons across the plasma membrane.

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Name: ________________________

ID: A

____ 65. Which of the following statements about membrane structure and function is false? a. Diffusion of gases is faster in air than across membranes. b. Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion do not require any direct energy input from the cell. c. The types of proteins that are exposed on one side of a membrane are nearly identical to those exposed on the other side of the membrane. d. Voltage across the membrane depends on an unequal distribution of ions across the plasma membrane. e. Special membrane proteins can cotransport two solutes by coupling diffusion down a concentration gradient to transport against the concentration gradient. ____ 66. All of the following processes take material into cells except a. pinocytosis. b. endocytosis. c. exocytosis. d. active transport. e. carrier-facilitated diffusion. ____ 67. In addition to exporting materials from the cytoplasm of the cell, the process of exocytosis is also important in a. the production of cell walls by plant cells. b. the increase in the size of cells. c. maintaining the osmotic balance between the cytoplasm and the cell exterior. d. A and B only e. A, B, and C

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ID: A

1st Quarter Cumulative Review Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: E C A E D C C B E D C D D A B E B B A C B B A C D B D B D B A C D D D C C D A D TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: Overview Concept 1.1 Concept 1.1 Concept 1.4 Concept 1.4 Concept 1.4 Concept 1.5 Concept 1.5 Concept 1.5 Concept 1.5 Concept 1.5 Concept 2.1 Concept 2.2 Concept 2.2 Concept 2.2 Concept 2.2 Concept 2.2 Concept 2.2 Concept 2.2 Concept 2.3 Concept 2.3 Concept 2.3 Concept 2.3 Concept 2.3 Concept 2.4 Concept 3.1 Concept 3.2 Concept 3.2 Concept 3.2 Concept 3.2 Concept 3.2 Concept 3.2 Concept 3.3 Concept 4.2 Concept 4.3 Concept 4.3 Concept 4.3 Concept 4.3 Concept 4.3 Concept 4.3 1

ID: A 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: D C C A E A E E D C D D A C B C A E B E A C E C C C A TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: TOP: Concept 5.2 Concept 5.3 Concept 5.4 Concept 5.4 Concept 5.4 Concept 5.5 Concept 5.2 Concept 5.3 Concept 5.5 Concept 6.2 Concept 6.4 Concept 6.4 Concept 6.4 Concept 6.5 Concept 6.5 Concept 6.5 Concept 7.1 Concept 7.1 Concept 7.1 Concept 7.1 Concept 7.2 Concept 7.3 Concept 7.3 Concept 7.4 Concept 7.4 Concept 7.5 Concept 7.5