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(b)(i)
4th Ionisation energy
A B C D E F G H I J
Successive elements
(ii) E = Aluminum.
The difference between 4th electron remove shows that E3+ valence
configuration is ns2 np6, while F3+ is (n+1)s1.
Kwok YL / Periodicity 1
(iii) B removing electron from a lower principal quantum shell, while C
removing electron from a higher principal quantum shell.
As V is a constant, P α n.
Kwok YL / Periodicity 2