Kotretan Modul 5

Kurva Karakteristik
LED Biru (bening)

Gambar 1. Karakteristik 1 LED biru (bening).

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 1.42 and std 0.8375
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a = 0.8283 (-8.352e+006, 8.352e+006)
b=
19.74 (-1.008e+007, 1.008e+007)
c=
8.606 (8.253, 8.959)
d = 4.159e-006 (-7.04e-006, 1.536e-005)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 8.307e-008
R-square: 0.9951
Adjusted R-square: 0.9948
RMSE: 3.922e-005
Huruf
Lower Upper
a
0
Inf
b
-Inf
Inf
c
-Inf
Inf
d
-Inf
Inf

LED Hijau (bening)

Gambar 2. Karakteristik 1 LED hijau (bening).

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 0.9954 and std 0.5925
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a = 0.7491 (-3.458e+006, 3.458e+006)
b=
19.41 (-4.616e+006, 4.616e+006)
c=
8.682 (8.334, 9.03)
d = -1.008e-006 (-1.048e-005, 8.464e-006)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 2.771e-008
R-square: 0.9983
Adjusted R-square: 0.9981
RMSE: 2.737e-005
Huruf Lower Upper

a
b
c
d

0
-Inf
-Inf
-Inf

Inf
Inf
Inf
Inf

LED Merah (bening)

Gambar 3. Karakteristik 1 LED merah (bening).

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 0.9211 and std 0.5503
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
0.05 (-2.888e+006, 2.888e+006)
b=
19.71 (-5.776e+007, 5.776e+007)
c=
10.29 (9.965, 10.61)
d = 8.379e-007 (-3.872e-006, 5.547e-006)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 5.968e-009
R-square: 0.9991
Adjusted R-square: 0.999
RMSE: 1.325e-005
Huruf Lower Upper

a
b
c
d

0
-Inf
-Inf
-Inf

0.1
Inf
Inf
Inf

LED Orange (bening)

Gambar 4. Karakteristik 1 LED orange (bening).

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 0.9464 and std 0.5653
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
2.143 (-2.557e+007, 2.557e+007)
b=
26.55 (-1.193e+007, 1.193e+007)
c=
11.92 (11.27, 12.56)
d = 1.102e-006 (-2.603e-006, 4.808e-006)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 3.936e-009
R-square: 0.9989
Adjusted R-square: 0.9988
RMSE: 1.06e-005
Huruf Lower Upper

a
b
c
d

0
-Inf
-Inf
-Inf

8000
Inf
Inf
Inf

LED Putih (bening)

Gambar 5. Karakteristik 1 LED putih (bening).

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 1.497 and std 0.8827
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a = 0.1349 (-2.962e+006, 2.962e+006)
b=
18.34 (-2.195e+007, 2.195e+007)
c=
8.673 (8.421, 8.925)
d = 3.266e-006 (-2.093e-006, 8.624e-006)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 2.112e-008
R-square: 0.9981
Adjusted R-square: 0.998
RMSE: 1.925e-005
Huruf Lower Upper

a
b
c
d

0
-Inf
-Inf
-Inf

Inf
Inf
Inf
Inf

LED selubung Hijau

Gambar 6. Karakteristik 1 LED selubung hijau.

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 0.9705 and std 0.5782
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a = 0.0005 (-3.937e+004, 3.937e+004)
b=
13.64 (-7.874e+007, 7.874e+007)
c=
9.584 (9.087, 10.08)
d = 3.765e-006 (-3.611e-006, 1.114e-005)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 1.588e-008
R-square: 0.9986
Adjusted R-square: 0.9985
RMSE: 2.1e-005
Huruf Lower Upper

a
b
c
d

0
-Inf
-Inf
-Inf

0.001
Inf
Inf
Inf

LED selubung Kuning

Gambar 7. Karakteristik 1 LED selubung kuning.

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 0.9451 and std 0.5636
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a = 0.0005392 (-1.269e+005, 1.269e+005)
b=
20.13 (-2.354e+008, 2.354e+008)
c=
13.62 (12.97, 14.27)
d = -1.835e-006 (-8.327e-006, 4.658e-006)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 1.218e-008
R-square: 0.9989
Adjusted R-square: 0.9988
RMSE: 1.865e-005
Huruf Lower Upper

a
b
c
d

0
-Inf
-Inf
-Inf

0.001
Inf
Inf
Inf

LED selubung Merah kecil

Gambar 8. Karakteristik 1 LED selubung merah kecil.

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 0.8454 and std 0.5065
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a = 0.4672 (-3.059e+006, 3.059e+006)
b=
24.12 (-6.549e+006, 6.549e+006)
c=
11.75 (11.52, 11.98)
d = -2.033e-006 (-5.968e-006, 1.903e-006)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 3.535e-009
R-square: 0.9995
Adjusted R-square: 0.9995
RMSE: 1.068e-005
Huruf Lower Upper

a
b
c
d

0
-Inf
-Inf
-Inf

Inf
Inf
Inf
Inf

LED selubung Merah besar

Gambar 9. Karakteristik 1 LED selubung merah besar.

General model:
f(x) = a*exp(-b+c*x)-d
where x is normalized by mean 1.998 and std 1.174
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
16.87 (-2.931e+009, 2.931e+009)
b=
29.56 (-1.738e+008, 1.738e+008)
c=
9.886 (4.857, 14.92)
d = -1.008e-009 (-1.328e-006, 1.326e-006)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 2.431e-009
R-square: 0.75
Adjusted R-square: 0.7403
RMSE: 5.619e-006
Huruf Lower Upper

a
0
Inf
b
-Inf
Inf
c
-Inf
Inf
d
-Inf
Inf
2
Catatan: maksimal R yang didapat untuk grafik di atas hanya 75% apabila fitting seperti
yang ditunjukkan pada gambar. Sebenarnya fitting dapat berupa garis lurus di sekitar nilai 0
dengan R2 mencapai 85%, tetapi tidak dapat merepresentasikan perumusan sebenarnya.

Gambar grafik di sekitar VTH

LED Biru (bening)

Gambar 10. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED biru bening.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 2.41 V

LED Hijau (bening)

Gambar 11. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED hijau bening.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 1.77 V

LED Merah (bening)

Gambar 12. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED merah bening.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 1.5 V

LED Orange (bening)

Gambar 13. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED orange bening.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 1.58 V

LED Putih (bening)

Gambar 14. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED putih bening.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 2.52 V

LED selubung Hijau

Gambar 15. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED selubung hijau.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 1.65 V

LED selubung Kuning

Gambar 16. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED selubung kuning.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 1.56 V

LED selubung Merah kecil

Gambar 17. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED selubung merah kecil.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 1.41 V

LED selubung Merah besar

Gambar 18. Grafik pengamatan sekitar Vth LED selubung merah besar.

Dari hasil pengamatan, diperoleh nilai

VTH = 3.83 V

Gradien
LED Biru (bening)

Gambar 19. Gradien dI/dV LED biru bening.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.01365 (0.009554, 0.01774)
p2 = -0.0354 (-0.04645, -0.02435)

Goodness of fit:
SSE: 2.616e-007
R-square: 0.9554
Adjusted R-square: 0.9442
RMSE: 0.0002557
y=0.01365x-0.0354
y=0
x=2.59
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.01365=73.2601
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 20. Gradien Rs LED biru bening.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
61.01 (51.27, 70.76)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.001301
R-square: 0.9587
Adjusted R-square: 0.9587
RMSE: 0.01613

LED Hijau (bening)

Gambar 21. Gradien dI/dV LED hijau bening.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.01853 (0.007881, 0.02919)
p2 = -0.03327 (-0.05327, -0.01328)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 5.418e-007
R-square: 0.9109
Adjusted R-square: 0.8812
RMSE: 0.000425
y=0.01853x-0.03327
y=0
x=1.79
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.01853=53.9665
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 22. Gradien Rs LED hijau bening.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
42.76 (31.27, 54.24)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.00118
R-square: 0.9333
Adjusted R-square: 0.9333
RMSE: 0.01718

LED Merah (bening)

Gambar 23. Gradien dI/dV LED merah bening.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.01648 (0.001289, 0.03168)
p2 = -0.02785 (-0.05452, -0.001175)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 2.02e-007
R-square: 0.9159
Adjusted R-square: 0.8739
RMSE: 0.0003178
y=0.01648x-0.02785
y=0
x=1.69
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.01648=60.6796
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 24. Gradien Rs LED merah bening.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
44.86 (23.96, 65.75)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.0009122

R-square: 0.8969
Adjusted R-square: 0.8969
RMSE: 0.01744

LED Orange (bening)

Gambar 25. Gradien dI/dV LED orange bening.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.01275 (-0.001301, 0.02681)
p2 = -0.02231 (-0.04772, 0.003105)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 1.979e-007
R-square: 0.884
Adjusted R-square: 0.826
RMSE: 0.0003146
y=0.01275x-0.02231
y=0
x=1.75
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.01275=78.4314
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 26. Gradien Rs LED orange bening.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
58.98 (27.24, 90.72)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.001171
R-square: 0.8891
Adjusted R-square: 0.8891
RMSE: 0.01976

LED Putih (bening)

Gambar 27. Gradien dI/dV LED putih bening.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.01194 (0.008049, 0.01583)
p2 = -0.033 (-0.04419, -0.02181)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 8.305e-008
R-square: 0.9695
Adjusted R-square: 0.9593
RMSE: 0.0001664
y=0.01194x-0.033
y=0
x=2.76
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.01194=83.7521
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 28. Gradien Rs LED putih bening.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
68.93 (57.58, 80.28)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.0007805

R-square: 0.9591
Adjusted R-square: 0.9591
RMSE: 0.01397

LED selubung Hijau

Gambar 29. Gradien dI/dV LED selubung hijau.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.0217 (0.007012, 0.03639)
p2 = -0.03859 (-0.06573, -0.01144)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 1.603e-007
R-square: 0.9528
Adjusted R-square: 0.9292
RMSE: 0.0002831
y=0.0217x-0.03859
y=0
x=1.78
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.0217=46.083
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 30. Gradien Rs LED selubung hijau.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
33.6 (19.61, 47.59)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.0007265
R-square: 0.8993
Adjusted R-square: 0.8993
RMSE: 0.01556

LED selubung Kuning

Gambar 31. Gradien dI/dV LED selubung kuning.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.02428 (-0.005683, 0.05425)
p2 = -0.04235 (-0.0963, 0.0116)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 6.403e-007
R-square: 0.8587
Adjusted R-square: 0.7881
RMSE: 0.0005658
y=0.02428x-0.04235
y=0
x=1.74
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.02428=41.1862
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 32. Gradien Rs LED selubung kuning.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
29.38 (12.39, 46.38)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.001019

R-square: 0.8675
Adjusted R-square: 0.8675
RMSE: 0.01843

LED selubung Merah kecil

Gambar 33. Gradien dI/dV LED selubung merah kecil.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.01906 (-0.003751, 0.04187)
p2 = -0.02951 (-0.06613, 0.007122)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 4.554e-007
R-square: 0.866
Adjusted R-square: 0.799
RMSE: 0.0004772
y=0.01906x-0.02951
y=0
x=1.55
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.01906=52.4659
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 34. Gradien Rs LED selubung merah kecil.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
38.62 (17.06, 60.18)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.00112
R-square: 0.8803
Adjusted R-square: 0.8803
RMSE: 0.01932

LED selubung Merah besar

Gambar 35. Gradien dI/dV LED selubung merah besar.

Linear model Poly1:

f(x) = p1*x + p2
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.0005925 (-1.016e-005, 0.001195)
p2 = -0.002284 (-0.004643, 7.574e-005)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 4.904e-010
R-square: 0.8995
Adjusted R-square: 0.8492
RMSE: 1.566e-005
y=0.0005925x-0.002284
y=0
x=3.85
misal, r=1/p1=1/0.0005925=1687.7637
maka,
Ir = RsI+(kT/e)
Ir = RsI+0.025875
y = mx+0.025875

Gambar 36. Gradien Rs LED selubung merah besar.

General model:
f(x) = a*x+0.025875
Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
a=
1224 (535.8, 1912)
Goodness of fit:
SSE: 0.001399

R-square: 0.8994
Adjusted R-square: 0.8994
RMSE: 0.0216