Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cell Parts

What are prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic means before nucleus - these cells do not have their DNA enclosed within a nuclear membrane. All bacteria are prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic Cells also: - have comparatively little DNA. The DNA is composed of a single loop and is not associated with proteins. - have no mitochondria - small ribosomes (70S) - no membrane bound organelles - less than 10 micrometers (commonly just 1-2)

Reproduction in Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes reproduce through binary fission.

They sometimes exchange genetic information through conjugation or exchanging pieces of cytoplasmic DNA called plasmids.

Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic means true nucleus - the DNA is enclosed within a membrane. Plants, animals, fungi and protists are all composed of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells: - DNA associated with proteins and organized into chromosomes/chromatin - mitochondria present - larger (80S) ribosomes - membrane bound organelles - size more than 10 micrometers (up to 100 micrometers)

Eukaryotic Cells
Task: Use the textbook to annotate the diagrams of the plant and animal cells. You should identify the name and function of the following parts: - plasma membrane mitochondria - nuclear membrane chloroplasts - nucleolus - cell wall - nuclear pore cytoplasm - lysosomes - centrioles - smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Homework
Read Textbook Pages 16-29 Answer questions 5 & 6 on page 19, and 7-9 on page 29