Katie Wu & Charmaine Chan Honors Chemistry Period 3

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

Unit 3: Chemical Reactions

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction

Copper Copper (II) sulfate No reaction

Lead No reaction

Zinc Black solid

Magnesium Bubbles; blue/green clear solution; black precipitate

Silver No reaction

Calcium

Silver nitrate

New solid forms; solution turns blue (Silver solid) No reaction

White solid forms on top of lead

Dark silver solid forms (reaction example #1) Reaction occurs: solid forming No reaction No reaction

Brown/opaq No reaction ue liquid; reaction around magnesium A little bit of bubbles; white precipitate Bubbles No reaction No reaction (No reaction example #2) No reaction No reaction

Lead (II) nitrate

Dark purple solid forms

Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

No reaction No reaction

Milky solution No reaction

#1) METAL AND AQUEOUS REACTION-- Zinc + Silver Nitrate: Reactivity chart: Zinc is placed as more active than silver, therefore it reacts and replaces the silver in silver nitrate. 6. Net Ionic Equation: 0 + 0 2+ Zn(s) + 2Ag(aq) ---> 2Ag(s) + Zn(aq) 7. For each of the reactions, determine which substances has been oxidized and which one has been reduced as well as which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent. Oxidized: Zn(s) Reduced: Ag(aq) Oxidizing agent: Ag(aq) Reducing agent: Zn(s) Electrons transferred: 2

8. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? - (s) + HCl (aq)= higher than hydrogen - cation less reactice than calcium - more reactive than zinc It could be - Sodium - Magnesium - Aluminum - Calcium You could run a test with sodium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and aluminium nitrate. If they react, then you know they are more reactive than the cation in the compound. If the dont react, then they are either less reactive or the metal is the same cation. #2) NO REACTION-- Silver + Lead (II) Nitrate) 1) Why? Silver is listed as less active than lead and therefore it doesnt replace lead in lead nitrate.

Conclusion: Metals react differently with aqueous compound. Some react and replace the metal in the solution, however some dont. If they are more active (from the activity series for elements) then they will react and replace the metal, but if they are less active, there will be no reaction.