| THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ENGINEERING B.M. DASDEVELOPMENTS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 47 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ENGINEERINGFurther titles in this series: Volumes 2, 3, 5,6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 16 and 26 are out of print 1. G. SANGLERAT — THE PENETROMETER AND SOIL EXPLORATION 4. R. SILVESTER — COASTAL ENGINEERING, 1 and 2 8. L.N. PERSEN — ROCK DYNAMICS AND GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION Introduction to Stress Waves in Rocks 11, H.K. GUPTA AND B.K. RASTOGI— DAMS AND EARTHQUAKES 12. F.H. CHEN — FOUNDATIONS ON EXPANSIVE SOILS 14, B. VOIGHT (Editor) — ROCKSLIDES AND AVALANCHES, 1 and 2 15. C. LOMNITZ AND E. ROSENBLUETH (Editors) — SEISMIC RISK AND ENGINEERING DECISIONS 17. A.P.S. SELVADURAI— ELASTIC ANALYIS OF SOIL-FOUNDATION INTERACTION 18, J. EDA — STRESS IN SUBSOIL AND METHODS OF FINAL SETTLEMENT CALCULATION 19. A. KEZDI— STABILIZED EARTH ROADS, 20. E.W. BRAND AND R.P. BRENNER (Editors) — SOFT-CLAY ENGINEERING 21. A. MYSLIVEC AND Z. KYSELA — THE BEARING CAPACITY OF BUILDING FOUNDATIONS. 22. R.N. CHOWDHURY — SLOPE ANALYSIS 23. P. BRUUN — STABILITY OF TIDAL INLETS Theory and Engineering 24. Z, BAZANT — METHODS OF FOUNDATION ENGINEERING 25. A. KEZDI— SOIL PHYSICS Selected Topics 27. D. STEPHENSON — ROCKFILL IN HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 28. P.E. FRIVIK, N. JANBU, R. SAETERSDAL AND L.I. FINBORUD (Editors) — GROUND. FREEZING 1980 29. P. PETER — CANAL AND RIVER LEVEES 30. J. FEDA — MECHANICS OF PARTICULATE MATERIALS The Principles 31. Q, ZARUBA AND V. MENCL — LANDSLIDES AND THEIR CONTROL Second completely revised edition 32. LW. FARMER (Editor) — STRATA MECHANICS 33. L. HOBST AND J. ZAJIC — ANCHORING IN ROCK AND SOIL Second completely revised edition 34. G. SANGLERAT, G. OLIVARI AND B. CAMBOU— PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, 1 and 2 36. L. RETHATI— GROUNDWATER IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 36. S.S. VYALOV — RHEOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL MECHANICS 37. P. BRUUN (Editor) — DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MOUNDS FOR BREAKWATERS AND COASTAL PROTECTION 38, W.F. CHEN AND G.Y. BALADI— SOIL PLASTICITY Theory and Implementation 39. E.T. HANRAHAN — THE GEOTECTONICS OF REAL MATERIALS: THE ¢,, « METHOD 40. J. ALDORF AND K. EXNER — MINE OPENINGS Stability and Support 41. LE. GILLOTT — CLAY IN ENGINEERING GEOLOGY 42. A.S. CAKMAK (Editor) — SOIL DYNAMICS AND LIQUEFACTION 42. A.S. CAKMAK (Editor) — SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION 44. A.S. CAKMAK (Editor) — GROUND MOTION AND ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY 45. A.S. CAKMAK (Editor) — STRUCTURES, UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES, DAMS, AND STOCHASTIC METHODS 46. L. RETHAT!— PROBABILISTIC SOLUTIONS IN GEOTECTONICSDEVELOPMENTS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 47 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ENGINEERING BRAJA M. DAS, Ph.D. Department of Civil Engineering & Mechanics, Southern Illinois University of Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, U.S.A. ELSEVIER Amsterdam — Oxford — New York — Tokyo 1987ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Distributors for the United States and Canada: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. 52, Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. ISBN 0-444-42860-7 (Vol. 47) ISBN 0-444-4 1662-5 (Series) © Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1987 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V./ Science & Technology Division, P.O. Box 330, 1000 AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Special regulations for readers in the USA — This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the publisher. Printed in The NetherlandsTo My wife Janice and daughter Valerievu PREFACE Theoretical Foundation Engineewing is divided into five major chapters: Lateral Earth Pressure, Sheet Pile Walls, Bearing Capa- city of Anchor Slabs and Helical Anchors, Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations and Slope Stability. Many foundation engi- neering books now in print cover the above-mentioned topics which are directed toward providing a hands-on type of approach to design engineers. The goal of this book is somewhat different, in that it provides a state-of-the-art review of the advances made in under- standing the behavior of earth-retaining and earth-supported struc tures. Most of the material is drawn from open literature, and a list of references is given at the end of cach chapter, The text is liberally illustrated, To demonstrate the application of theo- retical derivations, several worked-out problems are given in each chapter, In some instances, the final solutions to the problems under consideration are given, and detailed mathematical treatment has been deleted to keep the text within its scope and space limi- tations. It is my hope that this text will be useful to students, researchers, and practicing geotechnical engineers. I am grateful to my wife Janice for typing the entire manu script in camera-ready form, Several others have been extremely helpful during the preparation of the manuscript. Dr. Samuel P Clemence, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Civil Eng neering at Syracuse University (New York), and Dr. Ronald B McPherson, Associate Professor of Civil Enginecring, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, were very helpful in providing sev- eral reference papers. Dr. Donald E. Bobbitt and Mr. Richard S Erdel of the A, B. Chance Company, Centralia, Missouri, have pro- vided the photographs of helical anchors given in Appendix C Mr. Robert L. Goodman, Director of Editorial Research-North America for Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, was most instrumentalvill in the initiation of this manuscript. Thanks are also due to Dr. Haskell Monroe, President of The University of Texas at El Paso, for his continuous encouragement and assistance in my pro- fessional development. Braja M. Das Bl Paso, Texas March, 1987Ix CONTENTS Preface vii CHAPTER 1 LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE. 1 Introduction 1 At-Rest Earth Pressure 3 1.5. At-Rest Force and Resultant 7 1.4 Rankine Active Pressure (Rotation about Bottom of Wall) 13 1.5 Active Pressure with Wall Friction-- Coulomb's Active Pressure Theory 23 1.6 Graphical Solutions for Coulomb's Active Force 29 1.7 Graphical Procedure for Coulomb's Active Force for a o-$ Soil Backfill 33 1.8 Active Earth Pressure for Backfill with Vertical Drain 35 1.9 Wall Rotation Required for Active Barth Pressure Condition 37 1.10 Active Foree on Wall with Rotation about Top 38 1.10.1 Dubrova's Solution 40 1.10.2 Terzaghi's General Wedge Theory 45 1.10.3 Empirical Pressure Diagrams for Design of Braced Cuts 49 1.11 Active Barth Pressure for Lateral Translation of Wall 50 1.12 Rankine Passive Pressure (Rotation about the Bottom of the Wall) 56CHAPTER 2 1.15 1.16 dig 1,18 1.19 1.20 Passive Pressure with Wall Friction {Coulomb's Passive Pressure Passive Pressure by Using Curved Failure Surface Other Solutions for Passive Pressure (Rotation about the Bottom Dubrova's Method for Calculation of Passive Pressure Distribution Experimental Results for Passive Pressure Wall Rotation Required for Passive Earth Pressure Condition Stability of Slurry Trench Cuts in Saturated Clay Stability of Unsupported Axisymmetric Excavations in Saturated Clay Lateral Earth Pressure on Linings of Circular Shafts in Sand Lateral Earth Pressure on Linings of Circular Shafts in Saturated Clay References SHEET PILE WALLS 2.1 2.2 3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.10 2.11 2.12 Introduction Types of Sheet Pile Walls Anchors in Sheet Pile Wall Design Construction Methods for Sheet Pile Walls Lateral Earth Pressure--General Considerations Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls Penetrating into Sand Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls Penetrating into Clay Layer Anchored Sheet Pile Wall Penetrating into Sand--Free Earth Support Method Lateral Earth Pressure Due to Strip Load Near a Wall Rowe's Moment Reduction Method Anchored Sheet Pile Wall with Sloping Dredge Line Computational Pressure Diagram Method 63 65 70 80 81 84 86 96 “00 203 103 104 108 109 uit 4 126 151 133 135 140 141