Gwangtae 10.

2 GENETICALLY MODIFIED RICE

GMO, which is genetically modified organisms are the organisms that are genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or other species of organisms like animals and plants. These genes combination made from different species cant occur itself, or in nature. GMO process is often used to overcome the shortage of a certain organism, by combining other species DNA to it. GMO plants, especially crops which are foods, are often used to solve the problems that people cant handle, like the Vietnam farmers use GMO corn because the nymphs always eat the corn, and as they use the DNA of an animal that kills the nymphs. So by using GMO product, they were able to overcome the problem that they were currently having. So in this rapidly changing world, there are many GMO products found, and currently finding. However, one of the GMO products is genetically modified rice which is crop. The genetically modified rice has benefit China by solving the problems. That was decrease the insect damage, because the rice was modified to be able to combat the insect pests in rice and by that, and was able to save at least several millions of dollars in China and several billions of dollars Worldwide by decreasing the insect damage of rice.

To begin with, China is the largest country in the world, and rice is the most important crop in China, with the highest level of production according for 28 percent of the world s total population. China people were having a big problem with their crop especially rice, because the rice was largely damaged by the insects, so lot of the rice wasnt able to be eaten or sold, and the insect damage was estimated to cost at least several billions of dollars Worldwide. Because of the importance of the rice in China, a biotech research was being conducted to fight insect pests in rice, and is being conducted currently. The rice seeds assumed to contain the field tested rice which were the anti pests, were used as reference tool to determine transgenic DNA sequences. The rice specific detection system was combined with the currently published quantitative real time PCR which is polymerase chain reaction, method for the rice specific reference gene. The complete polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of transgenic rice was in-house validated and the limit of quantification was found to be below 0.1% rice relative to the rice content. As the

Chinese modified the rice, the rice was able to combat the insect pests, and overcome the problem which was rice damaged by the insect pests. The surveys in China showed that small and poor farm households who adopted genetically modified insect resistant rice benefited by having higher crop yields and lower pesticide usage compared to non-genetically modified adopters. Genetically modified rice yield was 6 to 9 percent higher compared to conventional varieties and it required less pesticide input by as much as 80percent, which contributed to improved health to farmers.

To summarize, lot of the countries in the world, is now using the genetically modified organisms to solve the problem by overcome the shortage of the organism, and one of the examples was the genetically modified rice which is first found in China. By using the genetically modified rice, China had a great positive impact, by solving the problem which was the damage by the insect pests in rice. Also, the increasing number of farmers who have grown genetically modified crops both in the developed and developing countries is strong evidence of their advantages in agricultural production and value to farmers. GMOs are the source of genetically modified food. Now days, GMO is widely used in scientific research and to produce goods other than food.

Bibliography http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00217-006-0467-x http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/24.genetically_modified_rice.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-24515938 http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/5/