Honors Chemistry

Name _Hiu Hiu Sau _ Period 3 Date _November__/_2013_

U n i t 3 : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction Copper (ll) sulfate Copper No reaction Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate No reaction Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate No reaction

Lead

No reaction

Zinc

Turned black

Magnesium Silver

Bubbling No reaction

Shiny precipitate forming on the sides Slight color change, broke apart, precipitate Silver precipitate formed Turned brown and bubbling No reaction

A black spot

No reaction

No reaction

No reaction

Turned black

No reaction

No reaction

No reaction No reaction

No reaction No reaction

No reaction No reaction

No reaction happenedSilver + Copper (ll) sulfate: No reaction happened because the element Silver is one the lowest elements listed on the metals activity series, meaning that there will be no reaction with silver unless it is with Platinum or Gold.

Reaction happenedZinc + Silver nitrate: A reaction happened because Zinc is higher compared to Silver in the metals activity/reactivity series 1. Write net ionic equations for one of the reactions that occurred (highlight the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed) Molecular equation: 2AgNO3 (aq) + Zn (s) ---> Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s) Ionic equation: 2 Ag [+2 charge] + 2NO3 [-2 charge] + Zn [0 charge] ---> Zn [+2 charge] + 2NO3 [-2 charge] + 2Ag [0 charge] Net ionic equation: 2 Ag [+2 charge] + Zn [0 charge] ---> 2 Ag [0 charge] + Zn [+2 charge] 2. For the reaction, determine which substances has been oxidized and which one has been reduced as well as which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent. The oxidized element is Zn because it lost electrons making it's oxidation number for from 0 to +2. The reduced element is Ag in 2AgNO3 because the Ag gained electrons making it's oxidation number for from +2 to 0. The oxidizing agent is Ag in 2AgNO3 since it was the means of which Zn had lost electrons. The reducing agent is Zn because it was the platform for the Ag to gain electrons. 3. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? Because the metal reacted with the hydrochloric acid, it means that the metal places higher than hydrogen in the activity/reactivity series for metal; the metal could be lead, tin, nickel, iron, chromium, zinc, aluminium, magnesium, sodium, calcium, strontium, potassium, or lithium. Since there was no reaction when it was placed in calcium nitrate, the metal is ranked lower than calcium on the series meaning that it could be sodium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, chromium, iron, nickel, tin, or lead. The reaction with zinc chloride shows that the metal is higher than zinc on the series, so the remaining metal could be aluminium, magnesium, or sodium. Another test that could be run is to place the metal in aluminium nitrate solution, magnesium nitrate solution, or sodium nitrate solution. If the metal reacts with all the solutions except for sodium nitrate, then it is sodium. If the metal reacts with aluminium nitrate only, then it is magnesium. If the metal reacts with none of the solutions then it is aluminium. Conclusion: A statement about the activity series you discovered. From this activity I discovered that metals in single replacement equations only show a reaction if the compound's metal is ranked lower than the singular metal. If the metal ranks lower than the metal in the compound, then there will be no reaction occurring.