" ) (la lune

"
") . " :
lune "
" : " 1948 (

1 :
:



:



28











)(1
.

.








)(2

.

)

aardvarl . . . :


)(3
aardvarm:( .

32

)
[
]
][
][
(.
$

""
XXX .

I love New York :

" I
"

NY

33

] [ )

(.
Queneau

.

"
] [ "" "
beauty fnorkpuss


)

] [ (.

:


.



.




.

" :" ""
A noir, E :
"" (
""
) . . .blanc
]""

[

"

"



" ".
point of all points

.




"
"
""

34

.


) (

" "
.

.




.





:


.



" sing" " say"

s

s )
" susurrus "
" sizzle"(







:

:
.






) (

) : () .
)(4

35

" ""( .
"

. sandhi














""



"" .
"
" "
) "


" ( )
" "
"" "
"" "" "" " "( .

profiled





) ( .

" "

.



" "" )
" :

" : " " "(



"
"

.
][ :

36

"""
"
"" ""
" "
" )("
""

(
" :
((" " )"
"(" " )

"" )
" )
" "
".
"
"" " "

:


"" "" "" "
""
""
""
""
"

""" "" "" "" "" ".

""
"
:
"" "" "" ".
""" ""

.
)

.(5

""

) " "


" (
"
" roar "

" rare :"


"
" " rarify
" rear

""
:

area ,err, Oreo, are eer, oer, or, oar, air, heir, ear, row, ray, rye; era,
,aria

""






) .(-gr-, (s)cr




""
)(-sn-, sl-, scr-, sp :
signiture

37

"


"

:
shush, swish, susurration

:
Cease, syce, sash, Ssh, sis, suss; seesaw, so-so

sigh, hiss, hush

:
.say, soy, shy, she, so, shoe, ash, ass, hash

sashay







.
***

.




.


""




)(6
.
) 1958 (66

.

[
]


)"
"( .
" "

38

mikos/makr :
"
os " sip/sop, squeek/squawk "" /

"
""/" .
"" ""
.



. :

" " " " )



(

)(
.

.



) "

) ( English Lautgefuhl 83 .(84

.







.

"" . " :
"
""
.

39

) .

"" " "
"" ""

""
" :

"
"
" ]

] [

[(.

: :





] [

.






).(7


:
1
.

) " " " "( .

" "" "
.

40

"
) ( . "
carcajada .

" " " "
".
"

.
2 .

"
"
.




. ""

) (37

"
"
""
.
""

"

)( )(" . :


"
"
. (.Leemhuis (1977:3f


.

.


"
"
"
"

"


"

" .



"

41

.
" "




.

" :"
" "



(
( "
)
" )

" " "

(
" )

" :
"
"
"

( . .
)

"
" ) 1 .(8)(49

)

" :



" )((

.
. -S n


" /
" )


(




.
-sn


""
.

:
3






:

. :
) ,propositionalization, refrigerator, semi-trailer
] [ ( . pneumopleuroparietopexy


.

42

. " megalonyms :
.(galumphonyms
" )
rumbustious, sockdolager, scrumptious, :
:
humongous

shenanigans, daffadowndilly, flibbertigibbet

.

"

factitive
"


"
"

"
"


" )

"






( .

.



"
"

) ( . .

"
" ""
) group-meaning " :

"
"( . "

.


.

43

[(
"" " ]
>< > < )"


< (Wolfditrich Fischer (Gram. 45
>
" ) (
"




"" .
.

"




""
" :

"





"
"" ""
" "
"
""

" .

"
""
""



" superbe ".

" .


" :



:



ii

leetle : " little" ) ltel
(
" unwieldy : " " deep"


)
(.

.







discombobulated,) :

(rapscallion, tarnation, skedaddle

) :



.(humongous, rootin tootin, caboodle

.

44

)(9
:

doom, gloom, loom

"Forlorn! The very word is like a beel

"to toll me back from thee to my sole self
) )Keats

"


"
)(10

.
:



) :(77

:(65





***



.






.




Tom
Yeoman :
"We call it a horse, and the Frenchman call it a cheval, but Its a
"horse a' the same

45

" horse cheval

" "
""." horse

""
"
"

"

" "
"

"
") frnch fries
( french fres
) (.

2 :
:


:
-sn : -n :
] [k
] [



] [

46

) " giggle :"

" bicker :" (
[] :
)

( .

.
. ,shmaxes Taxes :

. :

1
sh + C
.schmuck, shtupp, shlemiel :
sh + C
2






: ) fnorkling :
Mensa
(.
You say taxes? :


3
" !I say shmaxes ][!"

. !Just looking my a**/foot :

)(11
!

47

.




.


:
" flicker, skittish, jittery, tickle, twinkle, titter, flit, linger, long for
pitter-pat

)




] [ (

.




) willy-nilly
" " higgldy-piggledy
harum scarum :

" "
" nolens volens"
(
.

( . pig/hog :
""














.

: )
( "" pig :"" hog :

48

hog
. mikros/makros
" "


pig
hawg

. pig


piggies "" ) piggy-wiggy

( teeny-weeny : :
" pigs-an pigs-an-pigs "
: hog
pig hog
.



" to pig out : "
" to hog
".

:




shrink
.
" shrivel "
rivel
)



(.




) . . .( .

49

. ""
"
" mouse :" " mousey
""
" inchoate, incoherent, chaos :"
""" "




.


shrivel






.


).(12

" :"
" ""
"" "" )( "
) ( "
" ""

"
" "" .


"( .
" "

)" :







.
:
" -sk

.


.

50

skagi skgr:
. skati
) ( skfa )

skaka ." . . .( skeika
(Jan De Vries, Altnordisches Etymologiches Wrterbuch,
)1962,s.v.sax.
. . .die Mehrzahl der mit sk- anlautenden Wrter sich auf den
Waldbetrieb beziehen und dabei die verschiedenartigsten Bildungen
zu tage treten. Deshalb knnen sie grsstenteils zur selben Wortsippe
gehren und innerhalb des Germ. spontane Neubuildungen sein.
Wrter fr den Wald sind: skagi, skgr; der abgestete Baum heisst
skati. Die Ttigkeit im Walde ist das Zupfen (vgl. skfa) oder
" schtteln der Bltter (vgl. skaka und skeika). . .

Erweiterungen .
) (13
)
( :






(

)

(.

" )
"

) (.

.



-sk :
:

51

" "






.dartboard



""
] : [ ] [ :
"" "" ""
"" " "

"" ""
)
" )

" "

( . " :
"
"
" "
" "
( "

stump
"
" .




[


]


.

. " hit :"

" strike" .
:
(She struck him/hit him (with a ruler

"/ """


" ":
" :
The clock struck/*hit one

"*/ "" "

:
Pepsi Cola *strikes/hits the spot

"*/ ][ "
:

52

It strikes me/??hits me as being unlikely

" "
:
?How does that strike(colloq.)hit you

" "

"" "" ""

.


" ]
" "
" :
[
"

" :

"" " " ""

.



""

"".
***





" : " Zweiradikale
) Substantive .(Neue Beitrage
)) (14





(



] [

53

] [ ] [

"

" "
] [ ] [ ) "
.

Paronyms

.

.




)

" inchoate : " " chaos" " incoherent :

" " desultory " " desolate" sultry

"
"( .
:

54

] [

.





:

55

"
" ""

) (



[ ) (
]

. :

:
:

:
.(15)1905

.



) 1898 :(532

56

"
""

"" . "" ]




[
" " ][".

1 ):(Charnay 1967:17
" ]
""
][[
. :
.
" "
""

".
un second aspect qui me frappe [the first, redundancy, we have
discussed in chapter 2], cest lextrme motivation de ce langage
arabe, jallais dire son agressive clart. Alors que dautres langues
sont empreintes de ce que Saussure appelait larbitraire du signe,
au contraire, en arabe, presque rien nest arbitraire, du fait de la
limpidit des drivations, du fait des exigences dune logique
grammaticale imperturbable.

arbitraire du signe
rappotrs
" " associatifs (Saussure
" (1965:170f " ]" "

57

) :
.[(197
.


.onomatopeia squeak


""
I
you squoke : the mouse squawk ::
squeak
. we usaqueko

.



.



.-fl-, scr-, sn :

.





.

. )1890
" :(354 "




"

".




)
]
[ . . (

58

" <
] [ " > +
= "" .
] [

.
"

2 "
anagrammatic


. Chejne (1969 (49
:

"
. )

1002( .



.
] [
" "
"".
"

) (188 :
" ] [ ""
" "
""

"".

" "
"

" "




.

) (Stetkeyvych, 1970: 46

"
"
" "
"
"


"

59

".
3

.


:
?He rests. He has travelled.With
Sinbad the Sailor and Tinbad the Tailor and Jinbad the Jailer and
. . .Whinband the Whaler

and Vinbad the Quailer and Linbad the Yailer and Xinband the . . .
.Phthailer

)

(.
4 ""
"" ) (

"" " "

. Anthologie grammaticale 346

5


sememe


.
"
"


" ""

"
"" . " "
" " "
".

60

.



.






.

""
"" " " " "
"" "" " ".
"
6 C. Hegge
"

"

" )
"
(
) .

.(La Structure des langues, Paris (PUF) 1982:25
> <" :/"
.
7 :
Y. Malkiel, "From Phonosymbolism to Morphosymbolism
in Forum (LACIS), IV (1977), 511-529

"Iconicity and Association in Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax,

.(Romance Philology 33, no. 4 (May 1980

8



.

.



.

61

sashay

.

9

.

:

" . galumphonyms
"
. galuptious, rumbustious

] [ < ]

[

:
>boistous-> boisteous-> boisterous-

:
affodil-> daffodil- >daffadowndilly (Spencer).

"
/
"
. lexeme

) (
.
affixes


American Speech
waitress
"" waitri :
catawampous :
)

+

+
"" Algonquian
(.
.
:
Schwulibus

62

""up Sh. Creek without a paddle, suffering from Schwulitt

:
"buckelor(i)um"



( burschikos :
)
.

" New
" stewardi
.Republic, 25 VII 81

10 :

.
:
:

:
" ) ] [(.
"

" ))( (

"
" "
:
"

"



"

")( "
"
" :
" ) "

" "
"
"(.

) :(1913

11

)

63

(
):(2/9/1980
Does anyone in the real, evil world Burgess tries to bring to
fictional life employ such words as hogo and bemerded?. . . on
.such occasions. . . he bemerds credibility

"



hogo bemerded
bemerds".
12






. Chenery

((1898:311 "

" ] :

[ ~ ] [ ~ ] [ )
( Renan: Histoire de langues
smitique, 96 " :
"
presque tous ces radicaux bilitres sont forms paronomatope

.
((McCurdy (1881, 95





:

"
hometymous

.


.

64

".




) : (



) : "" (.
)
:(18
"
. . .

.
".
Sans le ghariib auquel recourent les potes, sans le dialecte, . . . sans
linflux de termes trangers,. . . la lugha aurait pch par lexcs du
mathmatique et de lintelligible. Elle serait devenue une langue de
.paradigmes
13 :(von der Gabelentz (1901:251

"
/

"
Wir haben in den indogermanischen Sprachen manche Gruppen sinnund lauthnlicher Wurzeln, und noch viel mehr solcher Gruppn finden
.sich in dem ungleich grsseren , semitischen Wuzelschatze

14 1 .47
"

15


"

65

( ~

: ~ )
~
) ~ ( ~ ) ] []

~
~ *
[] [ ~ )
( ~ )] [ ] [

( ~


~
)

"
"
~
)
~
""( : ~ ~
~ ) ( ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~


~ ~ )
( ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
~ .
:
~ : .


.
paradimatic
syntagmatic
) ( .
"

" " :
".
"
. "

"
" )(


"
" "
"

66

)
( "
" .
" :
"

.
***

.
:
"
" "
""
""
) (
"" ".

) (1898:515 "
"
"" .
)anath.
:(Gramm. 21
" "" "" .


"" """.
Les deux verbs anafqa dpenser et anfaa consommer sont
synonymes; et si vous voulez passer en revue tous les verbes qui
commencent comme ces deux-ci par les lettres n et f, vous verrez que
la signification de sen aller et de sortir leur est commune tous.

) :(26
" "" ""
" "
.

"" "" ""
"" "".

67

Les mot muflih , soit quon lecrive par un h ou par un jm, signifie
celui qui obtient lobject de ses dsires. . . Ces deux mots et tous
seux qui leur ressemblent par la premire et la seconde radicale,
comme flq, fl,et fly, indiquent lide de rupture et douverture.