Discrete Cosine Transform

The forward equation, for image A, is

|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
+
=

=
N
y v
N
x u
y x a v C u C
N
v u b
N
x
N
y
2
) 1 2 (
cos
2
) 1 2 (
cos ) , ( ) ( ) (
2
) , (
1
0
1
0
t t
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
+
=

=
N
y v
N
x u
v u b v C u C
N
y x a
N
u
N
v
2
) 1 2 (
cos
2
) 1 2 (
cos ) , ( ) ( ) (
2
) , (
1
0
1
0
t t
The inverse equation, for image B, is
Here

=
=
otherwise
u if
u C
0
1
) (
2
1
Discrete Cosine Transform
Basic idea of JPEG:
1. Convert image to YIQ color space (luminance-
hue-saturation model used for TV
transmission)
2. Each color plane is partitioned into 8x8 blocks
3. Apply DCT to each block
4. Values are quantized by dividing with preset
quantization values (in a table)
5. Values are then rounded to nearest integer
JPEG Compression Interface
DCT QUANTIZER
QUANTIZER
TABLE
ENTROPY
ENCODER
COMPRESSED
IMAGE
8 X 8
BLOCK
16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61
12 12 14 19 26 58 60 55
14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56
14 17 22 29 51 87 80 62
18 22 37 56 68 109 103 77
24 35 55 64 81 104 113 92
49 64 78 87 103 121 120 101
72 92 95 98 112 100 103 99
(0,0)
Basis function of DCT