.

30

, 25 - 5 - 2013

30

- 0

,
, ,
.

1 15
16 30 . , . , .

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(, 7.37, 145)

(), (1, 2) (5, 6) . :

) ().
) () .
) (1 ) , () (4, 3) .
) ( 2 ) , () (6,7) .
) (1 ) ( 2 ) .
) () : y y = (x x ) : y + 2 = (x 1) .
=

y y
x x

6+2
8
= = 2 , ()
5 1
4

: y + 2 = 2(x 1) : y + 2 = 2x 2 : y = 2x 4 .
) () x'x, y = 0

2x 4 = 0 2x = 4 x = 2 .
() x'x (2, 0) .
() y'y, x = 0 y = 4 .
() y'y (0, 4) .
) (1 ) 1 : y y = (x x ) 1 : y + 3 = (x + 4) .
1

1 / / , = = 2 , (1 )
1

1 : y + 3 = 2(x + 4) 1 : y + 3 = 2x + 8 1 : y = 2x + 5 .
) ( 2 ) 2 : y y = (x x ) 2 : y 7 = (x 6) .
2

2 , = 1 2 = 1 =
2

1
, ( 2 )
2

1
2 : y 7 = (x 6) 2 : 2y 14 = x + 6 2 : x + 2y 20 = 0 .
2

) (1 ),( 2 )

1 : y = 2x + 5

: x + 2y 20 = 0
2
,

x + 2(2x + 5) 20 = 0 x + 4x + 10 20 = 0 5x = 10 x = 2 .
x = 2 , (1 ) y = 2 2 + 5 y = 9 .
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(1 ),( 2 ) (2, 9) .

(, 7.40, 146)

1
(3,5) : y = x + 1 . :
2
) (). ) ().
) (), ().

, ().
: y y = (x x ) : y 5 = (x + 3) .
, = 1

1
= 1 = 2 ,
2

: y 5 = 2(x + 3) : y 5 = 2x + 6 : y = 2x + 11 .
: y = 2x + 11

: y = x + 1

2
5x = 20 x = 4 = x .

x
2x + 11 = + 1 4x + 22 = x + 2

(), x = 4 , y =

4
+ 1 y = 3 = y .
2

() (4, 3) .

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) = , ().

x + x
3 + x
x =
4 =

2
2
, ,

y + y
5 + y
y =
3 =

2
2

x 3 = 8

y + 5 = 6

x = 5

y = 1

, () (5,1) .

(, 7.43, 146)

1 : y = 2x 10 2 : y = x + 9 2 , , x'x .
:
) .
) (3 ) , (6, 3) (2 ) .
) , , (1 ) (3 ) , .
) (1 ) x'x, y = 0

2x 10 = 0 2x = 10 x = 5 .
(1 ) x'x (5, 0) .
(2 ) x'x, y = 0

x + 9 2 = 0 x = 2 9 .
(1 ),(2 ) x'x , x = 5

5 = 2 9 3 = 9 = 3 .
) = 3 2 : y = 3x + 15 .
(3 ) 3 : y y = (x x ) 3 : y + 3 = (x 6) .
3

3 2 , = 1 (3) = 1 =
3

1
, (3 )
3

1
3 : y + 3 = (x 6) 3 : 3y + 9 = x 6 3 : x 3y 15 = 0 .
3
: y = 2x 10

1
) ,
: x 3y 15 = 0
3
,

x 3(2x 10)15 = 0 x 6x + 30 15 = 0 5x = 15 x = 3 = x .
x = 3 , (1 ) y = 2 3 10 y = 4 = y .
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(3, 4) , (0, 0) ,

() = x 2 + y 2 = 32 + (4)2 = 9 + 16 = 25 () = 5 .

(, 7.49, 147)

( + , 2) (, 2) , , .

7
,
2

3
, :
2

) .
) : y = 7x + 23 , .
) ,

x + x 7
++
x =

=
2
2

y + y
3
2 + 2
y =
=
2
2
2

7 = + 2

3 = 3 2

(+)
4 = 4 = 1 .

+ 2 = 7 1 + 2 = 7 2 = 6 = 3 .
) = 1 , = 3 (4, 2) , (3, 5) .
(), x = x ,y = y y = 7x + 23


, = 0 (2)

= (x x ,y y ) = (4 x , 2 y ) .

= (x x ,y y ) = (3 x , 5 y ) .
(2), , (4 x )(3 x ) + (2 y )(5 y ) = 0

(1)

12 4x 3x + x 2 10 2y + 5y + y 2 = 0 2 7x + x 2 + 3y + y 2 = 0
(1)

2 7x + x 2 + 3(23 7x ) + (23 7x )2 = 0
2 7x + x 2 + 69 21x + 529 + 49x 2 322x = 0 50x 2 350x + 600 = 0
x 2 7x + 12 = 0 x = 3 x = 4 .
. x = 3 , (1) y = 23 7 3 y = 2 , (3, 2) .
. x = 4 , (1) y = 23 7 4 y = 5 , (4, 5) .

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(1)

(, 7.53, 147)

(,5) (3, 2) , . , (), ,

135 x'x.
) ().
) ( , 3 5) (), :
i. .
ii. , (), ().
iii. () (), (2,7) .
) () x'x 135 ,

= 135 = (180 45 ) = 45 = 1

y y
x x

= 1

2 5
= 1 .
3

(), 3 0 3 .
2 5 = 3 + = 2 .
) i. (), x = , y = 3 5

3 5 = + 7 4 = 12 = 3 .
(3, 4) , , (0, 0) ,

() = x 2 + y 2 = 32 + 4 2 = 9 + 16 = 25 () = 5 .
ii. : y y = (x x ) : y 4 = (x 3) .
, = 1 (1) = 1 = 1 , ()

:y 4 = x 3 :y = x +1.
iii. ,

x + x
x + x
x =
2 =
2
2

y + y
y + y
y =
7 =
2
2

(), y = x + 7
(), y = x + 1

x + x = 4 (1) .

y + y = 14 (2)

(3)
(4)

(3) (4) (2) x + 7 + x + 1 = 14 x + x = 6 .

x + x = 6

, (1),
x + x = 4

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, '

x = 1 , x = 5 , (3) (4) , y = 8 , y = 6 .
(1, 8) , (5, 6) .

(, 7.60, 148)

: y = x + 1 (3,11) . (),
() , 5 .
= . () : y y = (x x ) : y 11 = (x 3)

: y 11 = x 3 : x y = 3 11

(1)

: x y = 3 11
() () ,

: x y = 1

x, y,

D = 1 = (1)1 (1) = 1 0 1 .
1 1
, Dx = 3 11 1 = 1 (3 11)(1)(1) = 3 + 11 1 Dx = 10 3 ,
1
1

Dy = 3 11 = (1)1 (3 11) = 3 + 11 Dy = 11 4 .
1
1
, ,

x=
y=

Dx
D
Dy
D

10 3
(3 10)
3 10
=
x =
= x ,
1
( 1)
1

11 4
(4 11)
4 11
=
y =
= y .
1
( 1)
1

5, () = 5 , '
2

3 10 4 11
(3 10)2
(4 11)2
+
= 25
() = 25 x + y = 25
+
= 25
( 1)2
( 1)2
1 1
2

(3 10)2 + (4 11)2 = 25( 1)2

9 2 + 100 60 + 16 2 + 121 88 = 25( 2 + 1 2)
25 2 148 + 221 = 25 2 + 25 50 98 = 196 = 2 .
(1), , : 2x y = 6 11 : 2x + y + 17 = 0 .

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(, 7.68, 149)

, (5, 2) , , , y = x 1
, , y = 2x 2 . :
) . ) .
) . ) .
) : y = x 1 , : y = 2x 2 .

: y y = (x x ) : y + 2 = (x + 5)
,

= 1 2 = 1 =

1
.
2

1
: y + 2 = (x + 5) : 2y + 4 = x + 5 : x 2y + 1 = 0 .
2
) , : x 2y + 1 = 0
.
,

: y = x 1

x 2(x 1) + 1 = 0 x 2x + 2 + 1 = 0 x = 3 = x .
x = 3 , y = 3 1 y = 2 = y .
(3, 2) .

x + x y + y
5 + x 2 + y

) , , ,
,
,

.
2
2
2
2
, y = x 1

2 + y
2

5 + x
2

2 + y = 5 + x 2 y = x 5 .
, , y = 2x 2 .
x 5 = 2x 2 3x = 3 x = 1 .
y = x 5 , , y = 1 5 y = 4 .
(1, 4) .
) :

= (x x ,y y ) = (5 1, 2 + 4) = (6, 2) .

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= (x x ,y y ) = (3 1, 2 + 4) = (2, 6) .

= 6 2 + 2 6 = 0 , , = 90 .

(, 7.71, 149)

, y = 3x 20 , y = x 6 y =
:

7x + 20
. 3

) . ) .
) . ) .
) : y = 3x 20 , : y = x 6

7x + 20
.
3
,

: y = 3x 20
,
.
: y = x 6

: y =

3x 20 = x 6 2x = 14 x = 7 = x .
, x = 7 , y = (7) 6 y = 1 = y .
(7,1) .
, : y = 3x 20

,
.
7x
+
20
: y =

3
7x + 20
3x 20 =
9x 60 = 7x + 20 16x = 80 x = 5 = x .
3
, x = 5 , y = 3 (5) 20 y = 5 = y .
(5, 5) .
) : y y = (x x ) : y + 5 = (x + 5) .
, = 1 1 = 1 = 1 .
: y + 5 = x + 5 : y = x .

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) , y = x

(1)

x + x y + y
7 + x 1 + y

, , ,
,

2
2
2
, y =

1 + y
2

= 7

7 + x
2

7x + 20
3

3y = 7x + 20 , '

(1)

+ 20 3(1 + x ) = 7(x 7) + 40 3 + 3x = 7x 49 + 40
(1)

4x = 12 x = 3 = y .
(3, 3) .
) ( ).
. , .
(1 ) , 1 : y y = (x x ) .
1

7 + 3 1 + 3
(2, 2) .
()
,
2
2
, 1 , = 1 .
1

y y
x x

3 1
2
1
=
= ,
3 + 7 10
5

1
= 1 = 5 , (1 )
1
5
1 : y 2 = 5(x + 2) 1 : y 2 = 5x 10 1 : y = 5x 8 .

(2 ) .

x + x y + y
5 + 3 5 + 3

(1,1) , (2 )

,
,

2
2
2
2
2 : y y = (x x ) 2 : y + 1 = (x + 1) .
2

2 , = 1 1 = 1 = 1 , (2 )
2

2 : y + 1 = (x + 1) 2 : y + 1 = x 1 2 : y = x 2 .
: y = 5x 8

1
: y = x 2
2
3
,
2

3
1
x = , y = ,
2
2

1
.
2
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(, 7.75, 150)

SOS ' !!!

(3 1, 6 5) (4 6,10 2) , , .
) () ().
) () () .
) .
x = 3 1
. ' , ' .

y = 6 5

2x = 6 + 2

y = 6 5

.
(+)
2x + y = 3 2x y 3 = 0 , (),

: 2x y 3 = 0 .
.

x = 3 1 (1)

.
y = 6 5 (2)

x +1
.
3
(2),
(1) 3 = x + 1 =

y = 6

x +1
5 y = 2(x + 1) 5 y = 2x + 2 5 y = 2x 3 2x y 3 = 0 .
3

(), : 2x y 3 = 0 .
.
x = 4 6

y = 10 2

. ' , ' .

x = 4 6

2y = 4 + 20

.
(+)
x + 2y = 14 x + 2y 14 = 0 , (),

: x + 2y 14 = 0 .

x = 4 6 (1)

.
y = 10 2 (2)

10 y
.
2
(1),
(2) 2 = 10 y =

x = 4

10 y
6 x = 2(10 y) 6 x = 20 2y 6 x + 2y 14 = 0 .
2

(), : x + 2y 14 = 0 .
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2 1

= 1 = 1 , () () .
1 2
: 2x y 3 = 0
.
() (),

: x + 2y 14 = 0

4x 2y = 6 (+)
5x = 20 x = 4 .

x + 2y = 14

) =

x = 4 , () 2 4 y 3 = 0 y = 5 .
() () (4,5) .

10

(, 7.83, 151)

(3, 2) = (2,5 ) , , | | = 20 .
) = 1 .

) (), .
) () x'x y'y.
) () , () .

) | | = 20

(2)2 + (5 )2 = 20 4 2 + ( 5)2 = 20 4 2 + 25 + 2 10 20 = 0
5 2 10 + 5 = 0 2 2 + 1 = 0 ( 1)2 = 0 1 = 0 = 1 .

) = 1 = (2, 4) , () : y y = (x x ) : y 2 = (x + 3) .

4
/ / , = = = 2 , ()

2
: y 2 = 2(x + 3) : y 2 = 2x + 6 : y = 2x + 8 .
) , , () x'x, y = 0

2x + 8 = 0 2x = 8 x = 4 = x .
() x'x (4, 0) .
, , () y'y, x = 0 y = 8 = y .
() y'y (0, 8) .
) ,
x + x y + y
4 + 0 0 + 8

(2, 4) .

,
,

2
2
2
2
() : y y = (x x ) : y 4 = (x + 2) .
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, = 1 .
=

y y

x x

80
8
= = 2 ,
0+4
4

1
, ()
2
1
: y 4 = (x + 2) : 2y 8 = x 2 : x + 2y = 6 .
2
() x'x, y = 0 x = 6 .
2 = 1 =

() x'x (6, 0) .
() y'y, x = 0 2y = 6 y = 3 .
() y'y (0, 3) .

%1

(, 8.10, 168)

( 2 4)x + ( 2 + 2 8)y + 2 3 + 2 = 0 (1).

(1):
) .
) x'x.
) y'y.
) , .

2
4 = 0
) H (1) ,
2 + 2 8 = 0

= 4

= 2 = 4

= 2 = 2

= 2 = 4

2 = 4

= 2 = 4

= 2.

(1) 2 .
) (1) x'x, 2 4 = 0 = 2 = 2 .
, = 2 , (1) , .
(1) x'x, = 2 .
) (1) y'y, 2 + 2 8 = 0 = 2 = 4 .
, = 2 , (1) , .
(1) y'y, = 4 .

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) (1) ,

( 2 4) 0 + ( 2 + 2 8) 0 + 2 3 + 2 = 0 2 3 + 2 = 0 = 1 = 2 .
, = 2 , (1) , .
(1) , , = 1 .

12

(, 8.12, 168)

( + 2)x + (3 1)y + 2 10 = 0 (1). :

) (1) , .
) , (1), , , .

+ 2 = 0 = 2

, ,
) H (1) ,

1
3 1 = 0

.
(1) , .
) = 2 (1)

1 :[3 (2)1]y + 2 (2)10 = 0 1 : 7y 14 = 0 1 : 7y = 14 1 : y = 2 .

= 0 (1) 2 : 2x y 10 = 0 .

1 : y = 2

: 2x y 10 = 0
2
.

x = 4 , y = 2 ,

x = 4 , y = 2 (1)

( + 2) 4 + (3 1)(2) + 2 10 = 0 4 + 8 6 + 2 + 2 10 = 0 0 = 0 ,
.
, (1 ),(2 ) (1), , (1),
, (4, 2) .

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13

(, 9.14, 187)

1 : 5x + y 9 = 0 , 2 : 3x 2y 8 = 0 : x + 3y 3 6 = 0 .
, (1 ) (2 ) ()

10 .
(1 ),(2 ) ,

: 5x + y 9 = 0
1
: 3x 2y 8 = 0
2
10x + 2y 18 = 0

3x 2y 8 = 0

(+)
13x 26 = 0 13x = 26 x = 2 = x .

(1 ) , x = 2 , 5 2 + y 9 = 0 y = 1 = y .
(2,1) .
() 10 , d(,) = 10 , '

| 2 + 3 (1) 3 6 |
2

+3

= 10

| 2 3 3 6 |
2

+9

= 10 | 9 | = 10 2 + 9

| + 9 | = 10 2 + 9 .
2 + 9 > 0 , , | + 9 | > 0 + 9 0 9 .
, | + 9 |2 =

10 2 + 9

) ( + 9) = 10( + 9)
2

2 + 81 + 18 = 10 2 + 90 9 2 18 + 9 = 0 2 2 + 1 = 0 ( 1)2 = 0
1 = 0 = 1 .

14

(, 9.20, 187)

: x 4y + + 2 = 0 1. :
) .
) x'x, () 2.
) y'y, () .
) () 1, d(, ) = 1 , '

| 0 4 0 + + 2|
2 + (4)2

= 1 | + 2 | = 2 + 16 .

2 + 16 > 0 , , | + 2 | > 0 + 2 0 2 .
2

| + 2 |2 = 2 + 16 ( + 2)2 = 2 + 16 2 + 4 + 4 = 2 + 16 4 = 12 = 3 .

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) = 3 : 3x 4y + 5 = 0 .
(x 0 , 0) . () 2,

d(, ) = 2

| 3x 0 4 0 + 5 |
32 + (4)2

=2

| 3x 0 + 5 |
9 + 16

=2

| 3x 0 + 5 |
5

3x 0 + 5 = 10 3x 0 + 5 = 10 3x 0 = 5 3x 0 = 15 x 0 =
5
, 1 , 0 2(5, 0) .
3

= 2 | 3x 0 + 5 | = 10
5
x 0 = 5 .
3

) (0,y 0 ) . () , d(, ) = () , '

| 3 0 4y 0 + 5 |
32 + (4)2

2
0

= 0 +y

9y = 5
0

y = 5
0

| 5 4y 0 |
5

y 0 = y 0 = 5 .

, 1 0 ,

15

5 4y = 5y

0
0
= | y 0 | | 5 4y 0 | = 5 | y 0 |
5 4y = 5y
0
0

5
2(0, 5) .
9

(, 9.42, 189)

(2,1) (4,5) : 2x y 1 = 0 .
, 4 ..
(), 2x y 1 = 0 y = 2x 1 (1)

1
() = 4 | det( , ) | = 4 | det( , ) | = 8
2

= (x x ,y y ) = (4 2,5 + 1) = (2, 6) .

= (x x ,y y ) = (x 2,y + 1) .

det( , ) =

(2)

(1)

2
6
= 2(y + 1) 6(x 2) = 2y + 2 6x + 12 =
x 2 y + 1

(1)

= 2(2x 1) 6x + 14 = 4x 4 6x + 14 = 10 2x = 2(5 x ) .
(2) | 2(5 x ) | = 8 2 | 5 x | = 8 | x 5 | = 4

x 5 = 4 x 5 = 4 x = 9 x = 1 .
. x = 9 , (1) y = 2 9 1 y = 17 , (9,17) .
. x = 1 , (1) y = 2 1 1 y = 1 , (1,1) .
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16

( - , 6.28, 175)

(3, 3) , (1,5) (3, 3) . :

) . ) . ) . ) .
) : y y = (x x ) : y 3 = (x 3) .
=

y y
x x

3 5 2
=
= 1 ,
3 1
2

: y 3 = (x 3) : y 3 = x + 3 : y = x + 6 .
) : y y = (x x ) : y 3 = (x + 3) .
, = 1 (1) = 1 = 1 ,

: y 3 = x + 3 : y = x + 6 .
) ,
x + x y + y
1 + 3 5 + 3

(2, 4) .

,
,

2
2
2
2
, , : y y = (x x ) : y 3 = (x + 3) .
=

y y
x x

43
1
= ,
2+3
5

1
: y 3 = (x + 3) : 5y 15 = x + 3 : x 5y + 18 = 0 .
5
) () .

: y y = (x x ) : y 4 = (x 2) .
() , () ,
()

= = 1 , () : y 4 = x 2 : y = x + 2 .

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17

( - , 6.36, 177)

, (3, 2) x + y 1 = 0
x y + 3 = 0 .
) x + y 1 = 0 x y + 3 = 0 .
) () : x + y 1 = 0 () : x y + 3 = 0 .
i. .
ii. .
iii. , , , .
) :

x + y 1 = 0 , 3 + 2 1 = 0 4 = 0 , .
' , , .

x y + 3 = 0 , 3 2 + 3 = 0 4 = 0 , .
' , , .

1 1

= 1 , 1 1
, .
1 ,2 , , , 12 =

) i.
: x y + 3 = 0
,
.
: x + y 1 = 0

, 2x + 2 = 0 2x = 2 x = 1 = x .
, x = 1 , 1 y + 3 = 0 y = 2 = y .
(1, 2) .
ii. : y y = (x x ) : y 2 = (x 3) .
//, = = 1 ,

: y 2 = (x 3) : y 2 = x + 3 : y = x + 5 .
: y y = (x x ) : y 2 = (x 3) .
//, = = 1 ,

: y 2 = x 3 : y = x 1 .
iii. ( ),
,

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x + x y + y
3 1 2 + 2

(1, 2) .

,
,

2
2
2
2

18

( - , 6.43, 178)

SOS ' !!!

:
) ( 1, 3) , 1 . ) (, 3) , < 2 . ) (1, 2 2) , .
) (1 + 2, 2 2) , . ) (, 2) , .

x = 1
)
y = 3

, ' ' .

x = 1 (+)
x y = 2 ,

y = + 3

.
x = 1 = x + 1 .
1 , x + 1 1 x 0 .
x y 2 = 0 ,
(0, 2) , ().

x =
, ' (
)
y = 3

) y = 3 .
, , < 2 , x < 2 , y = 3 ,
(2, 3) , ().

x =1
)
y = 2 2

, ' (

) x = 1 .
y = 2 2 2 = y + 2 .
2 0 , , y + 2 0 y 2 .
x = 1 ,
(1, 2) , ().

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x = 1 + 2
)
y = 2 2

2 = x 1
, '

2 = 2 y

2 + 2 = 1

x 1 + 2 y = 1 y = x ,
(,
).
, 2 0 , , x 1 0 x 1 .
, 2 0 , , 2 y 0 y 2 .
y = x , (1,1) , (2, 2) ,
.

x =
)
y = 2

, ' (

) y = 2 .
, , 1 1 , , 1 x 1 .
y = 2 ,

(1, 2) , (1, 2) , .

19

( - , 7.19, 197)

, :
) (x + y 5) + (2x + y 7) = 0 . ) (x + y)2 + (x y 1) 2x 6y + 12 = 0 .
)

x + y 5 + 2x + y 7 = 0 (1 + 2)x + (1 + )y 5 7 = 0
1 + 2 = 0
(1) ,

1+ = 0

= 1

2


= 1

.
(1) , .

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(1)

, ,

2x + 2y + x y 2x 6y + 12 = 0 (2 + 2)x + (2 6)y + 12 = 0 (1)

2 + 2 = 0
(1) ,

2 6 = 0

= 2 .

= 1 = 2

= 3 = 2

(1) , 2 .

20

( - , 7.22, (), 197)

, :

(x 2y + 5) + (3x + 2y + 7) = 0 , .

x 2y + 5 + 3x + 2y + 7 = 0 (1 + 3)x + (2 2)y + 5 + 7 = 0

(1)

= 0 (1) 1 : x 2y + 5 = 0 .
= 1 (1) 2 : 4x + 5 + 7 = 0 2 : 4x = 12 2 : x = 3 .

: x 2y + 5 = 0

2 : x = 3

(1 ),(2 ) (3,1) .

x = 3 , y = 1 ,

x = 3 = x , y = 1 = y (1)

(1 + 3)(3) + (2 2)1 + 5 + 7 = 0 3 9 + 2 2 + 5 + 7 = 0 0 = 0 , .
(1), ,
(1), (3,1) .
.
(x 2y + 5) + (3x + 2y + 7) = 0 , ,
x 2y + 5 = 0
, ,
3x + 2y + 7 = 0

x = 3 , y = 1 ,
' , .

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21

( - , 7.29, 199)

() : ( 1)x + 2y + 3 = 0 () : (5 )x (1 )y + 4 = 0 .
, .

1 = (2,( 1)) 1 = (2,1 ) ().

2 = ((1 ),(5 )) 2 = ( 1, 5) ().

/ / , 1 / /2 , det(1 , 2 ) = 0 , '

2
1 = 0 2( 5)( 1)(1 ) = 0 2 10 + ( 1)( 1) = 0
1 5
2 10 + ( 1)2 = 0 2 10 + 2 + 1 2 = 0 2 9 = 0 2 = 9 = 9
= 3 = 3 .

&2

( - , 7.30, 199)

() : ( 1)x + y + 8 = 0 () : x + 3y + 1 2 = 0 .

, .

1 = (,( 1)) 1 = (,1 ) ().

2 = (3,) ().


, 1 2 , 1 2 = 0 , '
3 + (1 )() = 0 3 + 2 = 0 2 + 2 = 0 ( + 2) = 0
= 0 + 2 = 0 = 0 = 2 .

23

( - , 7.62, 206)

(4, 2) , (3, 5) () : 7x + y 23 = 0 . , ,
() , .
(x 0 ,y 0 ) . (), 7x 0 + y 0 23 = 0 y 0 = 23 7x 0


, = 0 (2)

= (x x ,y y ) = (4 x 0 , 2 y 0 ) .

= (x x ,y y ) = (3 x 0 , 5 y 0 ) .
(1)

(2) (4 x 0 )(3 x 0 ) + (2 y 0 )(5 y 0 ) = 0

(1)

(4 x 0 )(3 x 0 ) + (2 23 + 7x 0 )(5 23 + 7x 0 ) = 0
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(1)

(4 x 0 )(3 x 0 ) + (7x 0 21)(7x 0 28) = 0 (x 0 4)(x 0 3) + 7(x 0 3)7(x 0 4) = 0

50(x 0 3)(x 0 4) = 0 x 0 3 = 0 x 0 4 = 0 x 0 = 3 x 0 = 4 .
. x 0 = 3 , (1) y 0 = 23 7 3 y 0 = 2 , (3, 2) .
. x 0 = 4 , (1) y 0 = 23 7 4 y 0 = 5 , (4, 5) .

24

( - , 7.64, 206)

, () : x y + 5 = 0 , = 2 ..
() ,
(), = = 1 ,
: y = x + ,

(1)

, () x'x
y'y , :

, y = 0
(1) x + = 0 x = = x , (0, ) .

, x = 0
(1) y = , (0, ) .
() = 2 , '

1
()() = 2 | x | | y | = 4 | | | | = 4 | | | | = 4 | |2 = 4
2
2 = 4 = 4 = 2 = 2 .
. = 2 , (1) 1 : y = x + 2 .
. = 2 , (1) 2 : y = x 2 .

25

( - , 8.22, 235)

() : 3x + 4y 7 = 0 () : 3x + 4y + 13 = 0 .
.
, , , = 2 = [d(, )]2 .
() () :

3
4

: 3x + 4y 7 = 0 : 4y = 3x + 7 : y = x +
3
4

7
.
4

: 3x + 4y + 13 = 0 : 4y = 3x 13 : y = x
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13
.
4

d(, ) =

7 13

4
4

1 +

20
4

1+

9
16

16 + 9
16

25
16

5
d(, ) = 4 .
5
4

= 4 2 = 16 ..

26

( - , 8.29, 236)

, (1,5) :
) (4, 3) 3. ) (0,5) (0,1) .
) x = 1 , (1,5) , ,
() = 3 , x = 1 .

() , = .

: y y = (x x ) : y 5 = (x 1) : y 5 = x : x y + 5 = 0

(1)

() 3, d(, ) = 3 , '

| 4 3 + 5 |
2

+ (1)

=3

| 3 + 2 |
2

+1

= 3 | 3 + 2 | = 3 2 + 1 .

2 + 1 > 0 , , | 3 + 2 | > 0 3 + 2 0

| 3 + 2 |2 = 3 2 + 1 (3 + 2)2 = 9( 2 + 1)

5
.
12
(1) , ,
9 2 + 4 + 12 = 9 2 + 9 12 = 5 =

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2
.
3

5
5
x y + 5
= 0 : 5x 12y + 60 5 = 0 : 5x 12y + 55 = 0 .
12
12

) x = 1 , (1,5) ,
, , () = () = 1 ,
, x = 1 .
x = 1 .
() ,
= .

: y y = (x x ) : y 5 = (x 1)
: y 5 = x : x y + 5 = 0

(1)

, (),

d(, ) = d(, )

| 0 5 + 5 |
2 + (1)2

| 1 0 1 + 5 |
2 + (1)2

| | = | 4 | | | = | 4 |
= 4 = + 4
0 = 4 () 2 = 4 = 2 .
(1) , , , ,

: 2x y + 5 2 = 0 : 2x y + 3 = 0 .

27

( - , 8.33, 236)

(3, 2) , (2, 2) () : x y + 3 = 0 . (),

6 ..
(x 0 ,y 0 ) .
(), x 0 y 0 + 3 = 0 y 0 = x 0 + 3

(1)

1
() = 6 | det( , ) | = 6 | det( , ) | = 12
2

= (x x ,y y ) = (3 x 0 , 2 y 0 ) .

= (x x ,y y ) = (2 x 0 , 2 y 0 ) .

3 x 0 2 y 0
det( , ) =
2 x 0 2 y 0

(2)

= (3 x 0 )(2 y 0 )(2 x 0 )(2 y 0 )

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(1)

det( , ) = 6 3y 0 2x 0 + x 0y 0 + 4 + 2y 0 2x 0 x 0y 0 = 10 y 0 4x 0

det( , ) = 10 x 0 3 4x 0 det( , ) = 7 5x 0 .
(1)

7 5x = 12

0
(2) | 7 5x 0 | = 12
7 5x = 12
0

19
x 0 = 1 x 0 =
.
5

5x = 5
0

5x = 19
0

. x 0 = 1 , (1) y 0 = 1 + 3 y 0 = 2 , (1, 2) .
. x 0 =

19 34
19
19
19 + 15
34
, (1) y 0 =
+3=
y0 =
, , .
5
5
5
5
5 5

28

( - , 8.35, 237)

(7, 9) (1, 3) .
) , (), .
) , , () : 2x 3y 30 = 0 .
) (x ,y) , () = 6 ..
) ,

x + x y + y
7 + 1 9 + 3

(4, 6) .

,
,

2
2
2
2
, () : y y = (x x ) : y 6 = (x 4) .
, = 1 .
=

y y
x x

3 9 6
=
= 1 ,
17
6
1 = 1 = 1 .

() : y 6 = (x 4) : y 6 = x + 4 : y = x + 10 .
) (x 0 ,y 0 ) . (), 2x 0 3y 0 30 = 0

(1)

, () = () , '

()2 = ()2 (x x )2 + (y y )2 = (x x )2 + (y y )2
(7 x 0 )2 + (9 y 0 )2 = (1 x 0 )2 + (3 y 0 )2
49 + x 02 14x 0 + 81 + y 02 18y 0 = 1 + x 02 2x 0 + 9 + y 02 6y 0
130 14x 0 18y 0 = 10 2x 0 6y 0 12x 0 + 12y 0 = 120 x 0 + y 0 = 10
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(2)

2x 3y = 30
0
(1) (2) 0
x + y = 10
0
0
(12, 2) .

, ' x = 12 , y = 2 .
0
0

1
) () = 6 | det( , ) | = 6 | det( , ) | = 12
2

= (x x ,y y ) = (7 x , 9 y) .

= (x x ,y y ) = (1 x , 3 y) .

7 x
det( , ) =
1x

9 y
3 y

(3)

= (7 x)(3 y)(1 x)(9 y)

det( , ) = 21 7y 3x + xy 9 + y + 9x xy = 12 6y + 6x

det( , ) = 6(2 + x y) .
(3) | 6(2 + x y) | = 12 6 | x y + 2 | = 12 | x y + 2 | = 2

x y + 2 = 2 x y + 2 = 2 x y = 0 x y + 4 = 0 , .

29

( - , 2, 241)

' = (4, 6) = (2, 8) .

) , .
) .
) .
) (3,1) , .

) , + = 2 , '

2 = (4, 6) + (2, 8) 2 = (4 + 2, 6 8)

1
2 = (2,14) = (2,14)
2

= (1, 7) .

1
| det( , ) | ,
2

det( , ) = 4 6 = 4 (8) 2 (6) = 32 + 12 = 42 .
2 8

) () =

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() =

1
| 42 | () = 21 ..
2

) > 0 .

= | | | | , > 0 .


= 4 2 + (6)(8) = 8 + 48 = 40 > 0 .

) = (4, 6) (x x ,y y ) = (4, 6) (x 3,y 1) = (4, 6)

x 3 = 4 x = 1

, (1, 5) .
y 1 = 6 y = 5

= (2, 8) (x x ,y y ) = (2, 8) (x 3,y 1) = (2, 8)

x 3 = 2

y 1 = 8

x = 5

y = 7

, (5, 7) .

: y y = (x x ) : y + 5 = (x + 1) .
=

y y
x x

7 + 5 2
1
=
= ,
5+1
6
3

1
: y + 5 = (x + 1) : 3y + 15 = x 1 : x + 3y + 16 = 0 .
3

30

( - , 9.29, 247)

() : 3x + 4y 7 = 0 () : 3x + 4y + 13 = 0 . :
) . ) .
) =

3
3
, = , //, () () 4
4

, , , () (), = d(, ) .
() () :

3
4

: 3x + 4y 7 = 0 : 4y = 3x + 7 : y = x +
3
4

7
.
4

: 3x + 4y + 13 = 0 : 4y = 3x 13 : y = x

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13
.
4

7 13

4
4

1 +

20
4
1+

9
16

5
16 + 9
16

5
25
16

5
=4.
5
4

) () , () (), , (x ,y)
(), d(, ) = d(, ) , '

| 3x + 4y 7 |
32 + 4 2

| 3x + 4y + 13 |
32 + 4 2

| 3x + 4y 7 | = | 3x + 4y + 13 |

3x + 4y 7 = 3x + 4y + 13

3x + 4y 7 = 3x 4y 13

7 = 13 ,

6x + 8y + 6 = 0

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: 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 .