GENERAL PATHOLOGY:

WELCOME TO TE
COURSE & AN
INTRODUCTION

R. HUGO MARTÍNEZ LOZANO, M.D.

August-25, 2006.
IDENTIFIED AS “GASTRIC BIOPSY”, WITHOUT ANY OTHER DAT
THE FOLLOWING IMAGE:
-PROCESS:
-ETIOLOGY
-PATHOGENESIS
-DIAGNOSIS
-MOST IMPORTANT COMPLICATION
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: K & U
 INTRODUCTION TO PATHOLOGY
- AS A MEDICAL DISCIPLINE
- ITS ROLE IN THE STUDY OF MEDICINE
- THE 4 ASPECTS OF DISEASE
 CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS

 CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS OF G. & D.

- MAJOR FORMS & RELATED CONDITIONS

 CELL INJURY & DEATH (PART I)

- INTRODUCTION: CONCEPTS
- CAUSES
- MECHANISMS
Ref: (1) pp. 4-18 & lecture’s information
 PATHOLOGY AS A MEDICAL
DISCIPLINE
 DIAGNOSTIC:
- CITOLOGY
- FNB
- SURGICAL PATHOLOGY - BIOPSIES
- SURG. S.
- SPECIAL TECHNIQUES
 TEACHING:
- UNDERGRADUATE
- POSGRADUATE
 RESEARCH:
RUDOLPH
VIRCHOW

“Omnis cellula
e cellula”
LOUIS
PASTEUR
ELIE
METCHNIKOFF
DON SANTIAGO
RAMÓN Y CAJAL
REYES’S
SYNDROME
THE 4 ASPECTS OF DISEASE
 ETIOLOGY
 PATHOGENESIS
 MORPHOLOGY
 CLINICAL (OR PARACLINICAL)
CONSEQUENCES
CELLULAR RESPONSE TO
STRESS
 CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS OF
GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION
 HYPERPLASIA
 HYPERTROPHY
 ATROPHY
 METAPLASIA
 DYSPLASIA
 HYPERPLASIA
 DEFINITION:
 PHYSIOLOGIC
- HORMONAL
- COMPENSATORY
 PATHOLOGIC
PREGNANT
UTERUS
PROMETHEUS:
POST-HEPATECTOMY
COMPENSATORY
HYPERPLASIA
TISSUE?
THYROID NODULAR HYPERPLASIA
 HYPERTROPHY
 DEFINITION
 PHYSIOLOGIC
 PATHOLOGIC
 Hypertrophy
 Non-dividing cells (remember: cell
cycle)
 Synthesis of structural components
 Mechanisms:
- TGF-b, IGF-1, FGF.
- Epinephrin, angiotensin II,
endothelin-1.
- Other.
ATROPHY
BRAIN ATROPHY: ALZHEIMER DISEASE
ALZHEIMER DISEASE
 METAPLASIA
DEFINITION:
CONDILOMA
ACUMINATUM
 DYSPLASIA
mal Metaplasia Displasia Carcin
in situ
CELLULAR INJURY: CONCEPT
 CELLULAR INJURY: CAUSES
 OXIGEN DEPRIVATION
(HYPOXIA/ISCHEMIA)
 PHYSICAL
 CHEMICAL
 INFECTIOUS
 IMMUNOLOGIC
 GENETIC
 NUTRITIONAL
 MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY
 DEPLATION OF ATP
 MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE
 INFLUX OF CA++
 ACCUMULATION OF REACTIVE O SPECIES
 DEFECTS IN MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY
“EL VERDADERO CONOCIMIENTO NO PUEDE SER
TRANSMITIDO…
SÓLO PUEDE SER CONQUISTADO”.
DR. IGNACIO CHÁVEZ.